TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Jackson Era 2
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Objectives
• Evaluate the significance of the debate
over tariffs and the idea of nullification.
• Summarize the key events of the
conflict over the second Bank of the
United States in the 1830s.
• Analyze the political environment in the
United States after Andrew Jackson.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Terms and People
• Tariff of Abominations – name that
opponents from the agricultural south gave
to the high protective tariff of 1828
• John C. Calhoun – VP who resigned to
lead South Carolina’s fight over nullification
in the Senate
• nullification – concept that a state could
void a federal law that it deemed
unconstitutional
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Terms and People (continued)
• Whig –political party formed in the 1830s,
favored a strong federal government,
protective tariffs, a national bank, and
internal improvements
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
What major political issues emerged
during the 1830s?
Conflicts and crises that arose during
Jackson’s presidency led to the formation of
a rival political party called the Whigs.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
• In 1828, Congress
industrial North
favored tariffs and
agricultural South
opposed tariffs.
passed a high
protective tariff.
• Goal was to promote
industry, but the tariff
raised prices farmers
had to pay for goods.
• Southerners called
it the Tariff of
Abominations.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
1832, South Carolina voted to nullify the
tariff.
Threatened to secede from the Union if the
fed government used force to collect the
tariffs.
• VP John C. Calhoun expected Jackson to reject
the tariff. Instead, Jackson modified it only
slightly.
• In protest, Calhoun resigned as VP to lead the
nullification battle in the Senate.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Resolution of the Nullification Crisis of 1833
Jackson strongly
rejected this
challenge to his
authority and to
the Union.
Congress passed
a Force Bill that
authorized troops
to enforce
collection.
In a
compromise,
Congress
lowered the
tariff.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Jackson generally supported the
agricultural South.
• Wanted an agrarian republic where white men owned
farms and enjoyed equality.
• Industrialization made his ideal unrealistic.
• Expanding gap between rich factory owners and poor
workers became troubling to many Americans.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
second Bank of the United States divided
Americans.
Jacksonian Democrats
• Felt the second
Bank symbolized
“money power.”
• Believed the new
business economy
encouraged
corruption.
• Opposed policies
they felt enriched
business at the
expense of farmers
and workers.
Business Leaders
• Believed second
Bank would
maintain a
supply of
currency.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
• 1832, Congress voted
to renew the Bank’s
charter.
• Jackson vetoed the
charter renewal.
• The “Bank War”
strengthened
Jackson’s popularity
with ordinary
Americans and
helped him win
reelection in 1832.
This cartoon shows Jackson using a
veto to slay a monster representing
the Bank and its supporters.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Presidential vetoes were rare. Bank supporters
denounced Jackson as a power-hungry tyrant and
formed a new political party, the Whigs.
The Whigs were led by Daniel Webster of
Massachusetts and Henry Clay of Kentucky.
Whigs favored a strong federal government, broad
interpretation of the Constitution, protective tariffs,
internal improvements, and moral reform.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
• Martin Van Buren, Jackson’s
Jackson’s
economic
policies led
to disaster
for the next
president.
handpicked successor, won
election of 1836.
• With no fed banks, state
banks flooded the market
with currency, causing
extreme inflation.
• government stopped
accepting paper money for
land purchases, leading to a
sudden drop in land values.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Panic of 1837 became the worst depression the
nation had yet experienced.
• Inflation caused by the state banks
hurt common people.
• The drop in land values led to
bankruptcies.
• 1/3 of urban workers lost their
jobs, and wages dropped by 30
percent.
The Panic hurt Van Buren
and the Democratic Party.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
1840, the Whigs nominated
William Henry Harrison and John Tyler.
• Harrison was portrayed as a
simple farmer, born in a log
cabin, while Van Buren was
painted as an ineffective,
corrupt aristocrat.
• The slogan “Tippecanoe and
Tyler Too” reminded voters
of Harrison’s military record.
Harrison’s victorious 1840
campaign focused on symbols
like his log cabin background,
seen in this flag.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
One month after his inauguration,
President Harrison died of pneumonia.
• Vice President John Tyler assumed the
Presidency and, to the dismay of the
Whigs, rejected their policies.
• Tyler vetoed legislation to restore the
Bank of the United States and to enact
Clay’s American System.