Chapter Seven: Overweight,
Underweight & Weight Control
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Identify the risks involved with being
overweight or obese
Explain how to determine if a person is either
overweight or obese
Identify how parents’ weight can affect
children’s risk of becoming obese
Describe ways to measure and define healthy
body weight
Identify factors that are associated with
increasing central obesity
Chapter 9: Cont’d.
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Describe the detrimental effects of
central obesity
Explain reasonable strategies for weight
loss
Identify the effect of lipoprotein lipase,
# of fat cells and set-point on weight
control
Identify common eating disorders
Standards & Goals for Weight
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U. S. Dietary Goal: Aim for a healthy
weight (Suggested weights inside back
cover)
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Overweight: 10-20% above the
recommended weight
Obese: 20% or more above
recommendation
Underweight: 10% or more below
recommendation
Determining Percentage Above or
Below Recommended Weight
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Actual Body Weight Divided by Ideal
Body Weight
ABW = 195
IBW = 150
195/150 = 1.30 x 100 = 130%
ABW = 165
IBW = 155
165/155 = 1.06 x 100 = 106%
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Weight Guidelines
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Body Mass Index: (Healthy Ranges)
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Body Composition: Weight (scale) is not a
true indicator of body fat
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Formula on page 140 in text
Chart on Inside Back Cover of Text
Risks to Health below 18.5 or above 24.9
Men: 10-25% (>22-25% at risk)
Women: 18-32% (>32-35% at risk)
Methods of Measuring Body Fat
Causes of Obesity
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Genetics:
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Both parents obese increases chances up
to 80%
Neither parent obese chances as low as
10%
Lipoprotein Lipase & Leptin:
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Enzyme which promotes fat storage
High LPL increases fat storage
Leptin: controls appetite
Causes of Obesity, cntd.
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Fat Cell Development
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Set-Point Theory
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Obese child develops more fat cells
More fat cells–more easily regain lost weight
Body weight is physiologically regulated
Metabolism adjusts with weight gain and loss
Can help reduce fat set-point with exercise
Hunger vs. Appetite (why do you eat?)
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Hunger: Physiological
Appetite: Psychological
Health Risks of Overweight and
Obesity
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Obesity is the most significant cause of
preventable death (2nd is tobacco use)
Diabetes and Hypertension
Body Composition--Central Obesity:
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Fat storage in central abdominal area (Intraabdominal fat) increases risk of diabetes, stroke,
hypertension and heart disease
Smoking, alcohol use, menopause, increase
central obesity—decrease with physical activity
Apple Shape
Pears and Apples
Measuring Central Obesity Risk
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Waist to Hip Ratio:
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Divide waist circumference by hip
circumference
Ratio of .8 or greater for women and .95 or
greater for men suggests greater risk
Waist circumference: Men—no larger than
40 inches; women no larger than 35 inches
26/36 = .72 low risk
35/40 = .88 increased risk
Weight Loss Strategies
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Aggressive Treatments: Drugs, Very Low Calorie
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Reasonable Weight Loss Strategies
Diets, Surgery—gastric banding
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Diet: Reduction of 500-1000 kcalories each day;
no less than 1000-1200 kcalories per day
1 pound = 3500 kcalories
Physical Activity: Speeds up metabolism; helps
control appetite
Behavior and Attitude (Behavior Modification): p.
155 in Text
Weight Gain Strategies
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Physical Activity to build Muscle
Energy-dense foods
Meals and Snacks
Increase portions
Powdered milk or instant breakfast
added to other foods or beverages
Eating Disorders
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Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia
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More prevalent in girls and young women
from middle to upper-class families
Anoxeria Nervosa: Refusal to eat
Bulimia: Binge eating and purging or use
of laxatives
Athletes are also vulnerable to eating
disorders
Review Questions
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1. A woman weighs 160 pounds.
According to the weight for height
tables she should weight 135 pounds.
According to the conventional definition
of obesity, is she considered obese?
(You must figure her % of standard or
ideal weight)
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A. YesB. No
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2. The secret to safe and permanent
weight loss is a sensible approach
involving:
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1.
2.
3.
4.
physical activity
realistic energy intake
hormones
behavior modification
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3. The psychological desire to eat is
referred to as:
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A. Satiety
B. Hunger
C. Obesity
D. Appetite