Unit 1: Map Activity
Your mission: Label and color the map on your own paper!
MAP:
Label each state—abbreviate (PAGE RA6-7)
Page 417:
1.
2 oceans, big lakes (blue)
2.
Rocky Mtns (brown triangles)
3.
Cattle Trails (red)
4.
6 major Railroads (black)
5.
Gold (gold)
6.
Silver mines (purple)
Page 429:
1.
Reservations (green)
2.
6 big battles (yellow star)
3.
Treaty Site & treaty name (orange triangle)
Page 445:
1.
Label the 4 Time Zones (write the zone above the US map w/ a black line separating each
zone)
Page 457:
1.
Strikes: Railroad, Miner, Other (place a “X” a circle around it)
1.
Colors needed:
Blue, brown, black, red,
black, gold, purple,
green, yellow, orange
Chapter 5 Review Games…
















soddy
Battle of Wounded Knee
Oliver Hudson Kelley
William Jennings Bryan
William McKinley
Assimilation
Homestead Act
Vaquero
Dawes Act
Bimetallism
George A. Custer
Populism
Gold standard
Great Plains
Chisholm Trail
The Grange

















Exoduster
Morrill Act
Battle of Little Bighorn
Fetterman’s Massacre
Election of 1896
Grange/Farmer’s Alliance
Treaty of Ft. Laramie
Sitting Bull
Longhorns
Long drive
Mining
Morrill Act
Bonanza
Ute tribe
Plains Indians
Guns
US restrictions
Chapter 5 Quiz…Addition Quiz Clues…









Ute tribe—resided near Mexico
Always look at the MAP KEY & COMPASS on a map
Books - Plains Indian children were NOT educated with
them
US Restrictions - Most Native Americans ignored them
Vaqueros – did not influence politics
Guns—used to protect herds by cowboys on the Chisholm
Trail
Bimetallism—you could exchange for gold and silver
McKinley—Had the support of East and MidWest
The Grange – didn’t support banks
West Lesson Ideas (DOK)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Intro topic, Map Activity, Video (character from West)
Lecture (populism, grange, farming), design an
illustrated and labeled picture “innovations in the
west,” homestead act, letters from the west
Miners, Comstock load, group activity
Cowboys, cattle drive, dangers of the west
Native americans, choose a native american and write
about them, government treatment of indians, indian
removal act, compare/contrast refugees
Essay: Westward Expansion
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X9ZAR8t
Tjyg
NOTES…Take 5/Give 5
BIG QUESTION:
Describe the events that led to western
settlement by US Settlers? Do you
think we went about settling the west in
the right way? Why or Why not?
DANGERS OF THE WEST…
What dangers did settlers face traveling
out west? Why did they go out west?
Essay: Election of 1896
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GPrPNtUAwJI
BIG 10 NOTES:
Compare and contrast the candidates of the 1896 Election:
William McKinley
William Jennings Bryan
Essay: What effects did the election have on
American society?
DANGERS OF THE WEST…
What dangers did settlers face traveling
out west? Why did they go out west?
Ranching becomes big business



The Civil War and the building of railroads
changed the demand for cattle
Large amounts of cattle were slaughtered to feed
the armies
After the war beef prices soared making cattle
driving the biggest business of the Mid-West
Geography of the Plains




In the 1890s, some farmers tried to survive by
mortgaging their land.
Dry farming-the land was so bad that they had to dig
deeper for moist land to grow crops
plowed the soil on the Great Plains
Very dry, only 20 inches of rain per year
Stephen Long-1819, he led an expedition through the
GP and declared it to be a desert and not fit for
settlement
Inventions used to move out West
 Railroad – This early mechanization of agriculture gave
farmers the ability to produce for themselves a surplus
supplies of grain and animal products.
The best way to move these products to the major cities was
by railroad.
 More than any other development, the railroad
revolutionized the development of farming and
industrial regions west of the Mississippi.
Cornelius Vanderbilt – owned the New York Central – became rich from railroad
The beginnings of settlement
The lifestyle of someone living in the
Great Plains was very challenging and
often difficult.
 RAILROADS advertised the plains as
the ticket to prosperity
 Nebraskan claimed farming would
increase rainfall there
 1870s-rain fell increased above avg.
and changed ideas of GP being a
desert
Homestead Act
 a law that helped support the growth
of the Great Plains
People could register for $10 and own
160 acres of land and get the title to it
after living there for five years

The Wheat Belt



Bonanzas-large profitable wheat farms
1860s-farmers used new machines to farm the Great
Plains-steel plows, reapers, and threshing machines
New technology allowed wealthy land owners to grow
large tracts of wheat, or bonanza farms and this area
became known as the Wheat Belt
The wheat-growing region that started at the eastern
edge of the Great Plains and moved further westward
Closing the Frontier

Buffalo Bill Cody:
 Men
like Buffalo Bill Cody were hired to kill buffalo
 He was an experienced and smart hunter who knew
how to evade (escape from) Native Americans
 Some companies sold the hide and others wanted to
free the plains of these animals for settlers
Native Americans


The native American population in America suffered a
dramatic decline between 1850-1900 as a result of the
dramatic decline in the buffalo population.
Most of the Native Am living in the GP were nomads
Plains Indians were divided into bands of 500 people each

A council headed each band

Gender determined their tasks

Religion was based on the power of the natural world
Charles Rath, famous buffalo hunter, seated on rick of
40,000 hides in Robert Wright's Dodge City hide yard in
1878
Stacks of buffalo hides towered along Front Street. - filthy buffalo hunters and
traders filled the town's establishments - and the term "stinker" was coined.
Train-masters would take their red caboose lanterns along when visiting the
town's "soiled doves" - and the term "red light district" came to life.
Cultures under pressure


Native Americans resented broken promises &
treaties by the US government, they attacked
ranches and wagon trains-led to war
Annuities-payment given to the NA once a year
Traders usually tricked the NA out of their money
Who was the leader of the Sioux?

Chief Sitting Bull
166. What event resulted in over 200 unarmed Sioux being
massacred by US troops in 1890?
 What? Massacre at Wounded Knee
 Who? Sioux Indian leader, Sitting Bull and US Army
 Why? The Ghost Dance alarmed white settlers around the
Sioux reservations, and they called on the US Army for help.
 Details - Wovoka, a prophet of the Sioux, developed a religious
ritual called the Ghost Dance. The Sioux believed this dance would
bring back the buffalo and return the Native American tribes to their
land. White settlers were afraid and called on the US Army. They
thought Sitting Bull was leading an revolt and arrested him.
 Result - While the Indians were handing over their weapons in
surrender, someone fired a shot. The soldiers then opened fire, killing
more than 200 unarmed Sioux (including nearly 70 women and children)
Massacre at Wounded Knee
• 200 unarmed
Sioux killed
• Including
nearly 70 women
and children
Ghost Dance
The Ghost dance replaced the Buffalo dance when the
buffalo disappeared from the plains. It's practice swept
across the west fanned by the desperation of a proud
people destroyed by the humiliation of
welfare. It culminated in the tragedy of
Wounded Knee. In the belief that the
dance would help to bring about the
return of the buffalo, their ancestors and
their way of life, they danced until they
dropped unconscious to the ground.
Ranchers vs. Indians



Chief Little Crow led an uprising against Dakota traders over food
Sioux chiefs Red Cloud, Crazy Horse, and Sitting Bull rebelled and
decided to fight to keep their lands
1866-Red Cloud's forces defeated the US army in Montana (Fettermans
Massacre)
1864-Colonel John Chivington was ordered to attack Chief Black Kettle
and his tribe who came to meet the US to discuss a peace treaty.
His troops killed hundreds of women, children but he was never charged
Indian Peace Commission


1867-two large reservations were created, one for
the Sioux and the other for the Plains Indians
Indians refused to move to the reservations
Those who did faced harsh conditions
The Dawes Act of 1887:
Turning Tomahawks into Plowshares
Below is a map showing land held by
Native American tribes before the
Dawes Act and 100 years later.
Above are before/after photographs of
Tom Torlino, a Navajo who was
"civilized" at an Indian Training School.
The last Native American Wars




1870s-many NA had left the reservations
The could not hunt the buffalo and settlers had killed
many of them
Professional hunters killed thousands of buffalo for
their hides others just for sport
Railroad Co. hired hunters to kill buffalo blocking the
tracks
George A. Custer



1876-gold miners raided
reservations looking for gold
mines
June 25, 1876-Custer attacked
one of the largest groups of NA
tribes (2,500) ever assembled
with only 210 soldiers and they
were all killed
The Battle of the Little Bighorn,
commonly referred to as
Custer's Last Stand, was an
armed engagement between
combined forces of Lakota,
Northern Cheyenne and
Arapaho tribes, against the 7th
Cavalry Regiment of the United
States Army.
Ghost Dance



Dancing welcomed the
day the buffalo would
return
US government banned
ghost dancing
Wounded Knee Creek—
25 Soldiers and more than
200 NA killed
Assimilation




A Century of Dishonor (Helen Jackson)-describes the
govt’s broken promises and attacks on NA
Some Americans believe NA situation would change if
they could assimilate and become landowners
Allotments-NA reservations were broken up into
separate pieces of land
Much of the land was not suitable for farming
Dawes Act



General Allotment Act
The US government attempted to settle Indians on
plots of land to farm
Result:
 Many
Indians had no interest or experience in
agriculture
 Many simply sold their lands to speculators for
outrageously low prices
 Native Americans were plunged deeper into poverty
Warm-up: Word of the Week
1.
2.
3.
Write the word of the week:
COURAGE
Define it
Give a personal example of when
YOU showed it
Chapter 5 In Summary…STUDY…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
soddy
Battle of Wounded Knee
Oliver Hudson Kelley
William Jennings Bryan
William McKinley
Assimilation
Homestead Act
Vaquero
Dawes Act
Bimetallism
George A. Custer
Great Plains
Chisholm Trail
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
Exoduster
Native American Tribes of the
Great Plains
Native Americans vs. US
Settlers
Morrill Act
Battle of Little Bighorn
Fetterman Massacre
Presidential Election of 1896
Grange
Government treatment of
Native Americans
History of the American
frontier and American
Attitudes
Chapter 5 In Summary…STUDY…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Soddy-warmth but no protection from snakes or insects
Battle of Wounded Knee—slaughter of 300 NA; marked en of wars in 1890
Oliver Hudson Kelley—started the Grange organization for farmers
William Jennings Bryan—populist candidate; lost presidential election of 1896
William McKinley—Republican who ran in 1896 election; for gold standard
Assimilation--A plan under which Natives would give up their lands, beliefs, and way
of life and become part of the white culture
Homestead Act--offered 160 acres of land free to any head of household
Vaquero--Mexican Cattlemen; Language of the cowboys is born
Dawes Act—law allowed white settlers to take land set aside for NAs
Bimetallism—policy that lawmakers hoped would place money in the hands of
ordinary people
George A. Custer—outnumbered 20-1 at the Battle of Little Big Horn
Great Plains—harsh and challenging landscape of the mid-west, cash crop-wheat
Chisholm Trail—main cattle ranching trail that allowed ranching to flourish through TX
Chapter 5 In Summary…STUDY…
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
Exoduster--African Americans who moved post reconstruction from the south to
farm or work as a railroad hand
Native American Tribes of the Great Plains—Sioux, Pawnee, Apache, Arapaho,
Hopi, Nez Perce, Shasta, Navajo (map p. 217)
Native Americans vs. US Settlers
Morrill Act-gave land to farmers and states to start colleges for mechanical
training
Battle of Little Bighorn—George Custer’s last stand; outnumbered 20-1;
Fetterman’s Massacre—NA tribes killed 100+ white settlers; they were hunting on
NA lands
Presidential Election of 1896
Grange—Farmer’s cooperative; gave them a voice in government and more
political rights
Government treatment of Native Americans
History of the American frontier and American Attitudes
Chapter 5 Quiz…Addition Quiz Clues…









Ute tribe—resided near Mexico
Always look at the MAP KEY & COMPASS on a map
Books - Plains Indian children were NOT educated with
them
US Restrictions - Most Native Americans ignored them
Vaqueros – did not influence politics
Guns—used to protect herds by cowboys on the Chisholm
Trail
Bimetallism—you could exchange for gold and silver
McKinley—Had the support of East and MidWest
The Grange – didn’t support banks
Chapter 5 Quiz…Addition Quiz Clues…









Ute tribe—resided near Mexico
Always look at the MAP KEY & COMPASS on a map
Books - Plains Indian children were NOT educated with
them
US Restrictions - Most Native Americans ignored them
Vaqueros – did not influence politics
Guns—used to protect herds by cowboys on the Chisholm
Trail
Bimetallism—you could exchange for gold and silver
McKinley—Had the support of East and MidWest
The Grange – didn’t support banks
Chapter 5 Review Games…
















soddy
Battle of Wounded Knee
Oliver Hudson Kelley
William Jennings Bryan
William McKinley
Assimilation
Homestead Act
Vaquero
Dawes Act
Bimetallism
George A. Custer
Populism
Gold standard
Great Plains
Chisholm Trail
The Grange

















Exoduster
Morrill Act
Battle of Little Bighorn
Fetterman’s Massacre
Election of 1896
Grange/Farmer’s Alliance
Treaty of Ft. Laramie
Sitting Bull
Longhorns
Long drive
Mining
Morrill Act
Bonanza
Ute tribe
Plains Indians
Guns
US restrictions
*Take your timeline to your seat & put your
Study Guide in basket on the cart!
TIMELINE PROJECT
PRESENTATION
DAY!
20 QUESTIONS
REVIEW GAME!
1.
2.
The Rules:
Ring bell 1st to answer each question.
Highest team score after 20
questions earns 5 Bonus Points on the
next test!
Chapter 6—”BIG Business in America”
UNIT 1:
AGRARIANISM TO
INDUSTRIALISM
PART 2 NOTES
Warm-up:
WORD OF THE WEEK (W.O.W)
Cooperation
1.
2.
Define it
Give a personal example
Essay: Industrial Revolution…Causes,
Effects, & Major Players
Essay: Industrial Revolution…Causes,
Effects, & Major Players
Essay: Industrial Revolution…Causes,
Effects, & Major Players
What is the American Industrial Revolution?
Describe the CAUSES and EFFECTS of the
Industrial Revolution on American Culture???
Think about:

War industry

Factories

Major Players

Immigration‘

railroad
Identify the following terms/questions…
Chapter Notes: Part 1 (USE OLD BK/ONLINE IS BEST!)
`
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
GNP
How did the US expand
industrially?
Edwin Drake
Morrill Tariff
“Laissez-faire”
Alexander Graham Bell
Gustavius Swift
March 10, 1876
Cyrus Field
Robber Baron
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Pacific Railway Act
Leland Stafford
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Greenville Dodge
Time Zones
Jay Gould
Credit Mobilier
James J. Hill
Andrew Carnegie
Corporations
Essay Question (at least 2 paragraphs):
Who were robber barons? What effects did
they have on early America and big
business. Support with examples and give
your opinion (“I think, I believe, In my
opinion).
The US Industrializes



By 1900s—US had become the world’s leading industrial
nation
Gross National Product (GNP)—total value of goods a
country produces—US’s was 8x greater by end of Civil
War
Industry expansions:
Natural resources
 Railroads
 Petroleum
 Population increase


Edwin Drake—drilled the 1st oil well in Titusville, PA
Government's role in industrialization


“Laissez-faire”-Let the people do as they choose
(business model). Supply and demand control the
government to prices and wages
Morrill Tariff:
 Increased
tariffs (taxes on import goods) greatly
 Provided railroad grants
 Sold public lands with mineral resources for very cheap
New inventions


Northrop automatic loom-changes bobbins without
stopping
Famous quote by Alexander Graham Bell: “Come
here Watson, I want you.”
 Developed


the telephone
Thomas Edison-phonograph and the light bulb; first
electric company in NYC
1877-Gustavius Swift—shipped the first refrigerated
load of fresh meat
There was rapid electrical growth due to household
appliances and inventions such as the light bulb, telephone,
generator, transatlantic cable. Who invented them?



Light Bulb
Generator
Thomas A. Edison
176b. There was rapid electrical growth due to household
appliances and inventions such as the light bulb, telephone,
generator, transatlantic cable. Who invented them?
Alexander Graham Bell
• On March 10, 1876, Alexander Graham
Bell sent the first telephone
transmission.
• With Bell’s invention, the
communication industry grew at a
rapid pace.
• Soon, people
could communicate
across the nation
and across the
world.
176c. There was rapid electrical growth due to household
appliances and inventions such as the light bulb, telephone,
generator, transatlantic cable. Who invented them?
† Cyrus West Field –
† Transatlantic cable -first
telegraph cable beneath the Atlantic
ocean in 1866.
† It allowed the United States to
communicate with Europe
immediately through telegraph
messages
Linking the nation…Robber Barons



To make the rail service more reliable, in 1883 the American Railway
Assoc. divided the country into four time zones.
Pacific Railway Act-law (signed by Lincoln) that built railroad across
USA by Union & Central Pacific Railroad Companies
Grenville Dodge:



Leland Stanford:




former Union general who oversaw the project-Union Pacific Rail Co.
Employed 10,000 workers (immigrants, farmers, miners, farmers, and
ex-convicts)
Sold stock in Central pacific Railroad Co.
Made a hug fortune
Founded Stanford University
Cornelius Vanderbilt-began the first direct rail service from NY to
Chicago
Robber Barons



Jay Gould-practiced insider trading, cheated investors,
bribed govt. officials, cheated on contracts
Credit Mobilier—a construction company that greatly
overcharged the Union Pacific for the work it did; led to
UP bankruptcy
James J. Hill—
entrepreneur
 one of the good guys
 built the Great Northern Railroad—became the most successful
railroad
 without fed grants
 promised settlers low fares
 product were made in USA and shipped to China

177a. What were the captains of industry referred to during the
late 1800’s?


Robber barons
Many of them acquired their wealth by exploitation
and ruthlessness.
John D. Rockefeller
 Andrew Carnegie
 Cornelius Vanderbuilt

Political Cartoon: Big Business
Questions:
1.
How do you think the cartoonists feels about titans of
industry?
2.
What is the purpose of the knives?
3.
What message is the cartoonist trying to convey?
TOP 10 INVENTIONS…
Chapter 6 Notes…Part 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Fixed costs
Operating costs
Economies of scale
Holding company
Andrew Carnegie
Gospel of Wealth
Bessemer process
Vertical integration
Horizontal integration
Monopoly
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
John D. Rockefeller
Andrew Montgomery Ward
Early working conditions???
What types of labor
problems existed in early
unions???
Two types of workers?
Describe?
Marxism & Anarchism
Describe the struggle of 4
early unions
Life of Women workers???
Chapter 6 (Big Industry)…Exam Tips…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Railroads—the Central & Union Pacific connected the country
by 1870, most were concentrated in the East, Chicago was a
RR hub, Time Zones created
Credit Mobilier—purpose was to steal money from its
shareholders
Industrial boom—growth middle class led to the boom
Andrew Carnegie—controlled steel industry by buying out
suppliers, competitors, and low prices
Sherman Anti-Trust—outlawed trusts that interfered with
free trade
Strike of 1877—railroad industry strike
Collective bargaining—used to win workers’ rights
Social Darwinism—justifies existence of poverty, success of
big business, & power of big business
The rise of big business





Economies of scale resulted in lower costs and lower
prices
Corporations can achieve economies of scale by
investing in more machines and larger
manufacturing facilities
Edwin Drake-drilled the first oil well
Andrew Carnegie-Founded a steel in Pittsburgh
“The basic force shaping capitalism is the class
struggle between workers and owners.”-Karl Marx
Video
The Industrial
Revolution in
America
176e. There was rapid electrical growth due to household
appliances and inventions such as the light bulb, telephone,
generator, transatlantic cable. Who invented them?
The Bessemer Process –
Sir Henry Bessemer – developed a faster and more efficient way of making
steel.
 This process involved blowing air through molten iron to burn away
impurities.
 Increased production of steel meant
railroads could be expanded faster.
 Steel also made it possible to build
skyscrapers in the cities.
Bessemer, Alabama, an important
steel center, is named after
Sir Henry Bessemer.
The rise of big business…’Econ 101’

Corporation-made big business possible

Stockholders-people who owned the corporation



Stock-shares of ownership from stockholders
Economies of scale-made goods cheaper because they could
make many good quicker
How businesses run:
Fixed costs-costs a company pays whether it operates or not—
taxes
 Operating costs-costs that occur when company runs—wages &
buying supplies

Warm-up: Current Event
Directions: Write in your NOTES FOLDER. List 3 facts on
a current event that has occurred in the past month!
(Examples: politics, crime, positive news, weather, sports,
entertainment)
*COPY THE PART BELOW ON YOUR PAPER…
What’s making news: _____________________
What happened:
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
The consolidation of industry



Holding company-owns stock of companies that
produce goods
Andrew Carnegie-a poor immigrant who rose to
become a leader in business (steel industry)
Bessemer process—a new way of making steel
cheaply (Henry Bessemer)
Making business bigger:
 Vertical
integration-
 owning
all the businesses that you need to produce a
product
 Horizontal
 combining
integrationcompanies from the same business and making
one
 Goal: corporation to control the market
 Trust-Standard
Oil Company
 Monopoly-own the market
What man was associated with the Standard Oil Company?



John D. Rockefeller
Owner of Standard Oil
Company
Monopoly in the oil
industry by ensuring that
his company was the only
supplier of oil from the
drilling to the refining.
180. Who was the immigrant from Scotland responsible for the
steel industry boom? He was a “philanthropist”.





Andrew Carnegie
Owned steel company that controlled
the iron and coal mines and owned
railroads and steam ships.
His company controlled the production
of steel and forced out competition.
Gospel of Wealth –
Andrew Carnegie believed people with
wealth had a responsibility to use it for
the betterment of the poor.
By the time Carnegie died in 1919, he
had given away some $350 million
(today = about 10 billion).
Selling the product


Aaron Montgomery Ward owned one of the first
successful mail-order businesses.
Operating costs-wages, shipping charges, and
supplies
Video
The struggle of early unions
in America
Video Questions:
1.
What groups of people were included in labor
unions?
2.
What jobs did they work?
3.
List major strike events.
Working in the US


Because of the shortage of workers in California,
the Central Pacific Railroad hired workers from
China
Early working conditions:
 Monotonous
& repetitive (same thing all day)
 Unhealthy & unsafe


Industrialism brought higher standards of living
Deflation (few jobs-lots of workers)-hurt the working
man’s wages
What types of labor problems existed that early unions
tried to correct?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Child labor - paid a fraction of an adult’s wage
and developed illnesses and deformations in their
bodies as a result of overwork.
Female labor - clerical, teaching and nursing. Paid
at a much lower rate than men.
Unsafe working conditions - Employees worked in
unhealthy conditions
Low wages
Long hours
Early unions

Two kinds of workers:
 Craft
workers-special skills/training, made more $;
formed unions
 Common laborers—had few skills

Unions:
 Blacklisted—a
list of “troublemakers”; once on the list,
made it impossible to work
The struggle to organize

Marxism:
 Ideas
of Karl Marx
 Idea-workers would eventually revolt and needed to
overthrow factories and the govt.

Anarchism:
 Government
was not necessary
 A few violent acts were necessary to get rid of govts.
Union Groups

Knights of Labor one
of the first nationwide industrial unions
 Fought for equal pay for women, end child labor,
worker-owned factories, supported arbitration
 Haymarket Square (Chicago) incident hurt membership
Essay Question: Big Industry Unions

American Federation of Labor (AFL)



Lead by Sam Gompers
Fought for higher wages, better work conditions, preferred
negotiations over strikes, recognition of unions
The most famous union during the Industrial Age was the American
Federation of Labor (AFL).
American Federation of Labor (AFL). It lobbied Congress to pass
laws concerning …



40 hour work week
Minimum age requirement for working
Workplace safety standards
BIG Question: Analyze one of the
early labor unions. Explain its
origins, its purposes, and its results.
Working women





Servants-30%
Teachers, nurses, or secretaries-30%
Clothing/food industry-about 40%
Paid less than men, not included in unions
1903-two women founded the Women’s Trade
Union League (WTUL)
Warm-up: Current Event
Directions: Write in your NOTES FOLDER. List 3 facts on
a current event that has occurred in the past month!
(Examples: politics, crime, positive news, weather, sports,
entertainment)
*COPY THE PART BELOW ON YOUR PAPER…
What’s making news: _____________________
What happened:
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
Essay: Impact of Labor Unions
BIG Question:
Analyze one of the early labor
unions. Explain its origins, its
purposes, and its results.
Write the answer in your notes folder.
Chapter 6 Review…WORD BANK
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
GNP
Edwin Drake
Morrill Tariff
“Laissez-faire”
Alexander Graham Bell
Gustavius Swift
March 10, 1876
Railroads
Civil War
AFL
Sherman Anti-Trust
Strike of 1877
Collective bargaining
Social Darwinism
Bessemer process
Vertical integration
Horizontal integration
Monopoly
Aaron Montgomery Ward
20.
Pacific Railway Act
Leland Stafford
21.
Cornelius Vanderbilt
19.
22.
23.
Greenville Dodge
Time Zones
26.
Jay Gould
Credit Mobilier
James J. Hill
27.
Andrew Carnegie
28.
Corporations
24.
25.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
Fixed costs
Operating costs
Economies of scale
Holding company
Gospel of Wealth
Cyrus Field
blacklisted
Robber Barons
Haymarket Square
John D. Rockefeller
Chapter 7: Immigrants & Urban America
UNIT 1:
AGRARIANISM TO
INDUSTRIALISM
PART 3 NOTES
Chapter 7 Crossword Puzzle
YOUR MISSION: Use the terms listed below to create
a crossword puzzle. Choose 15 terms from the list.
Use your NEW BOOK. The finished puzzle should
be 3 pages.
PAGES:
1.
Crossword Boxes (WITHOUT THE ANSWERS!)
2.
Questions list (should correspond to boxes on p.1)
3.
Answer sheet
DUE TOMORROW AT BEGINNING OF CLASS!
Warm-up…If I were president…
GET INTO YOUR 3D MAP GROUPS
What are the BIGGEST 3
IMMIGRATION PROBLEMS facing our
society?
 How would you solve each problem?

IMMIGRATION IN THE USA
Illegal Immigration Problems
WHY
(Why are they running away?)
HOW
(How can we help the solve their nation’s problems?)
Immigration Decision
Immigrant
Age 10
Parents killed
From Guatamala
Her native country is involved in a civil war
Came over on long boat trip
No where to go
You are a US CUSTOMS AGENT…what do you do…
Essay Question:
Immigration & Urbanization
How did immigration and
urbanization affect BIG city
growth? Give examples by listing
some causes and effects.
Graphic Organizer: Immigration & Urbanization
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8X4CypTaOQs
US IMMIGRATION…1900
CAUSES:
EFFECTS:
MY PERSONAL REFLECTIONS:
Graphic Organizer: Immigration & Urbanization
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8uz_l8qYUSY
US URBANIZATION…1900
CAUSES:
EFFECTS:
MY PERSONAL REFLECTIONS:
Chapter 7 (15) Foldable Activity
PICK ONE!!! DUE TOMORROW…
Folded Tab Foldable:
“Analyzing Immigration
and Urbanization”
 Directions:
Research how immigration
and urbanization are
related by completing this
foldable. In each cell, list
at least 5 causes and
effects that each
phenomenon caused in the
1890s.

Four Tab Foldable:
“Categorizing Urban
Society”
 Directions:
Focus on 19th century Urban
(1890s) society and
Contemporary (2014)
American society. Be
specific as possible in
identifying each social
class (Example:
occupation, approximate
wealth, political/social
attitudes).

Chapter 7 Essays
How did immigration
and urbanization
affect BIG city growth.
Give examples by
listing some causes and
effects.
How were early
American social classes
divide. Compare and
contrast these social
classes of the 1890s.
Chapter 7 (15) Notes (Part 1)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Why did immigrants flood to the US?
List immigrants’ travel conditions…
Ellis Island
Asian immigration…list the reasons
Angel Island
Nativism…what were the fears behind it???
Chinese Exclusion Act…list its goals
Conditions of “Urban life”
Types of transportation in the big city…list and describe
them
List the 3 classes…what was “the struggle”
List the many “Urban Problems” that existed
Europeans flood into the US

Why did immigrants come to America:
 Jobs
 Escape
military service in native country
 Avoid religious persecution (Jews)


How did most immigrants travel to America?
Steerage
Ellis Island
 Tiny
island in NY harbor
 Check-in station for most immigrants on East coast
 To get in—pass a medical exam
Asian immigration to America

Reasons:
 Escape
poverty & famine
 Rebellion going on in China
 Demand for railroad worker on the west coast



Many settle on west coast
Worked as laborers, servants, or in skilled trades
Angel Island—Asian immigrants (mostly young men)
stayed in barracks here while waiting to be
processed
Nativism


Definition: an extreme dislike of foreigners by native
born people and a desire to limit immigration (eastern
Europeans, Jews, and Asians)
Fears:
Protestants vs. Catholics
 They would be 'Strikebreakers‘


Popular Movie: “Gangs of New York”
Chinese Exclusion Act


Anti-immigrant organizations formed like the American
Protective Association & American Workingman's Party of
California
Keeping foreigners out:





1882-law banned ex-convicts and mentally disabled from coming
into US
.50 tax on each immigrant
Chinese Exclusion Act-banned Chinese immigration for 10 years
1892-Congress renewed this law
1902-Congress made CEA permanent (repealed in 1943)
New Urban Environment





City populations increased
Demand for land increased
Developers built up rather than out (saved space)
Skyscraper-tall, steel framed buildings
Louis Sullivan- famous builder
Transportation


Needed to move large masses of people around
the city.
Types:
 Horse
cars-railroad cars pulled by horses
 Cable cars (San Francisco) (underground cables)
 Electric trolley car
 Elevated railroads or subway systems (large cities with
congested streets)
Separation by class: Rich vs. Poor




High Society—most elite in the country; wealth passed
down in family, robber barons, major industry titans
Wealthy-fashionable districts in the heart of the city-beautiful, large homes
Middle class (doctors, lawyers, engineers, teachers)suburbs, took trains into the city to work
Working class-tenements-dark crowded multiple-family
apartments
Urban Problems
Crime
 Violence
 Disease
 Pollution
 Alcohol
 Sewage problems
 Contaminated water
 Poor air (factory chimney &
coal fires)
*immigrants were blamed for
these problems

Current Events
1.
Use your electronic device to write about a current
event IN YOUR NOTES FOLDER:
***The event can be related to local, state, or
international news…sports, entertainment, war
politics, its up to you…nothing inappropriate for
school
1.
2.
Headline: “Create a snappy title”
3 Facts about the event
Unit 1 Vocabulary List
31.
32.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Open range 11.
Long drive 12.
Maverick 13.
Homestead 14.
Dry farming 15.
Sodbuster 16.
17.
Nomad
18.
Annuity
Assimilate 19.
Allotment 20.
Laissez-faire
Entrepreneur
Corporation
Pool
Monopoly
Trust
Deflation
Trade union
Lockout
Arbitration
21. Steerage
22.Nativism
23.Tenement
24.Graft
25.Philanthropy
26.Realism
27.Vaudeville
28.Ragtime
29.Naturalism
30.Americanism
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
Patronage
Rebate
Populism
Greenback
Inflation
Deflation
Cooperative
Graduated income
tax
Goldbug
Silverite
Sharecropper
Poll tax
Grandfather clause
Segregation
Jim Crow laws
Lynching
Chapter 7 (15) Notes: Part 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Political Machine
How did PARTY BOSSES
exercise control in the BIG
city? Use examples of
people and vocab terms.
Guilded Age & list imp
ideas & important writers…
Individualism: list important
ideas & writers
Social Darwinism (&
Herbert Spencer)


People who agreed:
People who disagreed:
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Realism: list important ideas
& writers
Popular Culture:
list/describe 6 things that
were popular at this time for
people
List 4 SOCIAL CRITICS and
their ideas
List 5 big
organizations/people that
helped the poor…How???
List 4 changes in public
education???
Urban Politics
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YildL_ilQFY&index=3&list=PL70D0A235F44FAF56




Political machine-informal political group designed to
gain and keep power
Party bosses-led political machines & provided housing,
food, and police protection for people living in urban
areas (George Plunkitt & William Tweed ); they ran
state and city politics
Graft-fraud, or getting money through
dishonest/questionable ways
William Tweed (Tammany Hall)-famous NYC party boss
Thomas and James Pendergast-Kansas City, Missouri
Guilded Age



Title of a novel by Mark Twain & Charles Warner
A time of new inventions, rapid industrial growth,
growing cities, and wealthy people building huge
mansions
Guild-something covered in gold only on the outside
Meaning-the American world looked good on the
outside but underneath lay corruption, poverty,
crime, and large rich vs. poor gap
Horatio Alger & Individualism



“Rags to riches” Idea: No
matter where you start in
life you can go as far as
you want (Horatio Algerpopular novelist)
"rags-to-riches story in his
novels
Gave people hope that
they could overcome
obstacles to be successful
Social Darwinism



Darwin's natural selection-the species that cannot adapt
to society they live in eventually die out
Those who adapt survive
Herbert Spencer:
applied Darwin's ideas to human society
 Society progressed because only the fittest survived
 These views were called - "Social Darwinism“
 Industrial leaders agreed with theory-they were fittest and
thereby deserved the wealth they had

What theory was used to promote
competition in the marketplace?







Social Darwinism –
This theory applied Darwin’s theory (Life is a contest for survival of the
fittest) to the struggle between workers and employers.
It held that society should do as little as possible to interfere with people’s
pursuit of success.
If government would stay out of the affairs of business, the theory went,
those who were most “fit” would succeed and become rich.
Most Americans agreed that the government should not interfere with
private businesses.
As a result, the government neither taxed businesses’ profits nor regulated
their relations with their workers.
Andrew Carnegie believed in the "Gospel of Wealth & Social
Darwinism-wealthy people who profited from society owed
something in return. They should take place in philanthropy
Realism


An attempt to show
people realistically
Artists-people
swimming, day-to-day
activities
An example of realism
is Mark Twain's
Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn
Leisure Time & Popular Culture
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH56uswMaJg&list=PL70D0A235F44FAF56&index=2








Amusement parks
Professional boxing, football,
baseball
Physical exercise, tennis, golf
Ragtime music-based on patterns
of African-Am music (Scott Joplin)
Vaudeville theatre-based on French
theatre.
Involved animal acts, gymnast,
music, and dancing
Saloon functioned like community
centers in big cities like Chicago
The first salaried baseball team
was the Cincinnati Red Stockings
Social Criticism

Henry George

Lester Frank Ward

humans are not animals; they can think ahead and plan to get what they
want-Reform Darwinism-people succeed by cooperation, not competition
Edward Bellamy

published Progress and Poverty-widening gap between rich and poor;
one of first to challenge laissez-faire and Social Darwinism
year 2000 everything will be perfect; ideas were a form of socialism
Naturalism
challenged social Darwinism-people control their own lives and choices
Helping the Urban Poor




Social Gospel movement-bible said to help the poor
with charity and justice; eliminate social competition
(Salvation Army & YMCA)
Salvation Army-provided help and religions counseling
YMCA-set up bible studies, citizenship activities, group
activities; began to spring up all over the country with
swimming, gyms and low cost hotel rooms
Reformers: settlement houses
Jane Addams Lillian Waldo
Public Education





Americanization-scared immigrants because they thought their kids
would forget heritage-began to pull them from schools
Farmers/poor family-pulled kids from school to help household
survive
Booker T. Washington-started schools for African-American since
little funds were spent on educating black in America at the time
(The Tuskegee Institute-1881)
Land Grant Act-gave states federal money to start agricultural and
mechanical colleges; 1870-1890--the number of college students
tripled
Andrew Carnegie-major supporter of public libraries
Chapter 7 Exam Tips…STUDY!!!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Gentlemen’s Agreement—limited the immigration of unskilled workers from Japan
(nativism in action)
Chinese workers—many American workers felt threatened by them because they would
work for lower wages
African Americans—the Southern farmers who lost their jobs because of improvements
in farming techniques
Social Gospel Movement—led to development of settlement houses
Boss Tweed—led Tammany Hall in defrauding NYC when building the NYC Courthouse
President Garfield—his assassination showed how strongly some people resisted
reform of the spoils system.
Population Change in 1900s—overall population stayed the same but shifted to urban
areas; most of the large cities were located near water; cities in the West were
increasingly populated by Asian immigrants
Railroads—the building of the railroads led to increased population in the West and
made it possible to settle in other regions of the country
Italy—most immigrants in the US came from here in early 1900s; they tended to settle
in urban areas
Asian immigrants—sharp drop in 1908-1909; in 1882 Chinese immigrants exceeded
Italian immigrants;
CHAPTER 7 IN REVIEW


















Upper middle class
Middle class
Working class
Angel island
Ellis island
Chinese Exclusion Act
Nativism
Asian immigrants
Italian immigrants
Chinese immigrants
Steerage
Europe
Poverty
Rebellion
Jews
Eastern Europeans
Taxation
Literacy testing



















Political machine
Party bosses
Graft
William Tweed
Mark Twain
Charles Warner
Guild
Individualism
Horacio Alger
Herbert Spencer
Social Darwinism
Realism
Huckleberry Finn
Ragtime
Baseball
Boxing
Cincinnati Red Stockings
Skyscraper
Horse cars
Henry George
Lester Frank Ward
Edward Bellamy
Naturalism
Social Gospel Movement
Salvation Army
YMCA
Jane Addams
Lillian Waldo
Americanization
Cable cars
Electric trolley
Andrew Carnegie
Gospel of Wealth
Subway systems
Booker T. Washington
Land Grant Act
Immigration
Urbanization
High society
CHAPTER 8:
THE PROGRESSIVE ERA
Chapter 8 Guided Reading (pp.290-313)
NO CH 8 EXAM…UNIT 1 EXAM NEXT WEEK
PART 1:
1.
Louis Sullivan
2.
Daniel Burnham
3.
Frederick Law Olmstead
4.
Orville and Wilbur Wright
5.
George Eastman
6.
Impact of Electric Transit
7.
The Chicago Plan (4parts)
8.
Internal combustion engine
9.
Booker T. Washington
10.
Tuskegee Institute
11.
W.E.B. Du Bois
12.
Niagara Movement
13.
Why did kids go to school earlier
14.
European Assimilation
Chapter 8 Notes List
NO CH 8 EXAM…UNIT 1 EXAM NEXT (Ch. 58)
PART 2:
PROGRESSIVE ERA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i0Q4zPR4G7M
WATCH THE VIDEO…TAKE NOTES…
What do you take notes on:
THE NEW: inventions, popular culture, politics, music,
people, events, activities, just to name a few…
BIG QUESTION:
How did progressive reforms reshape
American culture?
In case you missed it…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Progressive era
Economies of scale…faster/better/cheaper
Muckracking
The Jungle
Power of pin/photo
Union power!!!
Mass consumption
Consumer culture
Taylorism
Socialism
Scientific expertise
17th Amendments and direct primaries/voting
Jim Crow Laws for minorities/immigrants…blocking the vote
Plessy v. Ferguson…segregation gone wrong
Booker T. Washington (education) v. WEB DuBois (civil rights)
Effects today…
The Rise of Progressivism
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8uz_l8qYUSY
 Progressive Era—American history from about 18901920



Source of problems…





It was not a single political movement
It’s a collection of views about how to fix the nation’s
problems
Many thought industrialization and urbanization caused
many social problems
Both parties had progressive ideas
urban middle-class Americans
Journalists, educators, and politicians
How to fix the problems: APPLY SCIENTIFIC
PRINCIPLES TO SOCIETY
Muckrakers


Journalists who expressed
Progressive ideas
Investigated social conditions
and political corruption:
Ida Tarbell—practices of the
Standard Oil Co.
 Lincoln Steffens—vote stealing
and grafts of political
machines
 Jacob Riis—poverty & disease
in NYC

Making Government Efficient



They applied successful business
models to government—scientific
management
Unqualified Party bosses
typically ran the city
departments (police, water,
power, sewage)
New idea—a commission
plan—(or city mgr. system of
government) people with
background in it would hire
qualified people to run the dept.
Democracy and progressivism



Some progressives thought society needed more
democracy and should listen more to the voters
Robert La Follette—governor of Wisconsin;
opposed political conventions & pushed for direct
primaries in each state
3 other political reforms were introduced:
1.
2.
3.
Initiative allowed a group of citizens to introduce
laws and require legislature to vote on them
Referendum allowed proposed laws to be
submitted to the voters for approval
Recall allowed voters to demand a special election
official from office before his or her term had
expired
Suffrage movement



Seneca Falls, NY
(1848)—first women’s
rights convention
Organized by Elizabeth
Cady Stanton & Lecretia
Mott
Key issues: women’s
voting (suffrage) rights
Amendments and reform





14th & 15th Amendments: protected African-Americans’
right to vote. Some suffragists wanted women's’ voting
rights included
National American Woman Suffrage Association
(NAWSA)
Alice Paul—headed NAWSA’s congressional committee,
organized a march on Washington; everyone did not
agree with this and Paul left to for the National
Women’s Party
Carrie Chapman Catt—became NAWSA’s leader in
1915; supported Wilson in 1916 election
19th Amendment—women’s right to vote (1920)
Social welfare
progressivism
Solving social problems:
 Child labor—in 1900 1.7 million kids under age 16
worked outside home (coal mines); many states set
age and work hour limits
 Adult conditions—progressives pushed for laws to
compensate deaths and serious on jobs
 Zoning laws—building codes set minimum
requirements for air, fir escapes, room sizes, and
sanitation in tenements. Health codes for restaurants
changed, also
 temperance movement—called for the moderation
or elimination of alcohol
 Prohibition movement—mostly women; first worked
to reduced alcohol consumption, then banning it all
together
Progressives vs. BIG
business





Too much wealth was owned by too few people
Wanted to eliminate trusts and holding companies
Sherman Anti-trust Act (1890)—break up large
corporations and restore competition
Interstate Commerce Commission (1887)--focused
on stopping BIG businesses from abusing their
power
Socialism—government owns and operates industry
for the community as a whole (railroads & utilities);
Eugene Debs—famous socialist; most Americans
believed in the free enterprise system
Cleaning up politics



Patronage-government jobs were given to those
who supported the winning party.
Rutherford B. Hayes-tried to stop patronage
Stalwarts Republicans
opposing Hayes
 Angry with Hayes for stopping Reconstruction in the
South
 ‘Halfbreeds’-name given to Hayes and other
Republican reformers
Pendleton Act


James Garfield-a Republican president (Halfbreed)
who was assasinated for his beliefs a few months
into office
Pendleton Act of 1883-allowed the president to
decide which federal jobs would be filled
according to the rules of the Civil Service
Commission
Neck and Neck

Republican Party:






Mostly North and Midwest
Former Union soldiers, strong patriots, big business, and GP
farmers
Supported temperance & abolition
Controlled the Senate
Won more presidential elections (4 out of 6)
Democrats:




Mostly the South
Catholics and immigrants
Anti Civil War & Reconstruction
Controlled House of Reps
Problems in Washington



Grover Cleveland-won the 1884 election
Mugwumps-name for Republicans who disliked James Blaine
(Rep candidate) so they changed teams
Problems for the ‘prez’:








Give me a government job!
Mugwumps-increase fed jobs under new rules
Many violent strikes occurred
American getting “railroad” by the railroad business
Standard Oil Company rebates
Farmers suffered from high railroad prices
Interstate Commerce
Tariffs
FOLDABLE ACTIVITY: People of Progress
(Worth 30 points)
Your mission: You will complete a foldable discussing the
contributions of an influential person from the Progressive Era!
Follow these steps:
1.
Choose 2 sheets of colored paper & create your foldable
2.
Label it (outside with marker): “Who, What, When, Where”
3.
Put your name, date, & block on the back of your foldable
4.
BIG 3: List of the 3 MOST interesting things about them.
5.
Choose your famous progressive person (SEE LIST-NEXT SLIDE)
6.
Begin your TEXTBOOK/INTERNET RESEARCH
7.
ADD PRINTED PICTURES of your person…NO DRAWINGS
8.
Make a CHEAT SHEET for your class presentation (10 facts).
DUE ON FRIDAY…GOOD LUCK!
WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE
Here’s what you write inside your flaps:

Who—Background Information…
 Origin,

What—Famous & Progressive for…
 Field

family, hobbies, early fun facts
of study/job, famous for, strengths/weaknesses
When—Important Dates…
 Major
events, successes/failures, laws, bills,
wars/battles

Where—Important Places…
 Important
Locations
Progressive Americans
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Andrew Carnegie
John D. Rockefeller
Ida B. Wells
W.E.B. DuBois
Carrie Chapman Catt
Winston Churchill (not GB
politician)
Paul Robeson
Langston Hughes
Josephine Baker
John Dewey
Matthew Gaines
Zora Neale Hurston
Jacob Riis
Theodore Roosevelt
Margaret Sanger
Anna Howard Shaw
Upton Sinclair
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
Booker T. Washington
Mary McCleod Bethune
Emma Goldman
Lewis Hine
William James
Hiram Johnson
Samuel Jones
Robert M La Follette, Sr.
Fiorella LaGuardia
Walter Lipmann
Alice Paul
Ellen Gates Starr
Lincoln Steffens
William Howard Taft
Ida Tarbell
Ida B. Wells
Woodrow Wilson
35. Claude McKay
36. Marcus Garvey
37. Coutee Cullen
38. Alain Locke
39. Dorothy West
40. Thomas Edison
41. Abraham Flexner
42. Nella Larsen
43. Oscar DePreist
44. Henry Ford
45. Charlotte Perkins Gilman
46. Jane Addams
47. Susan B. Anthony
48. Robert P. Bass
49. Bessie Smith
50. Duke Ellington
51. Louis Armstrong
52. William Jennings Bryan
53. Lucy Burns