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Rania Murr
University of San Francisco
DML 631 | Instructional Design, Curricula, & Learning Theory | Fall 2013

D
DML 631 | Instructional Design, Curricula, & Learning Theory | Fall 2013

S tudents more than ever report that they enroll in higher education program to get jobs.
T here is an overwhelming choice of careers that students are not always aware of. And also, an overwhelming choice of majors that could lead to these careers.
Standard Occupational Classification
System (SOCS), identified
840 detailed occupations
Aggregated
461 broad occupations
97 minor groups
23 major groups
US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (2010) © CIRP and the HERI at UCLA (2012)
Resource: Best Practices Paper on Advising Undecided Students | Literature Review

 3 of every 4 students are uncertain about their career choice at college entry
 8% of new students feel they know “a great deal about their intended major ”
 Over half of all students in postsecondary institutions with a declared major change their minds at least once before they graduate
 Only 1 senior out of 3 will major in the same field they preferred as a freshman
Resource: Best Practices Paper on Advising Undecided Students | Literature Review

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Website
Ed-Folio
“ Academic Advising Programs (AAP) must have adequate technology to support the achievement of their mission and goals.
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“ AAP must use current technology to provide updated information regarding mission, location, staffing, programs, services, and official contracts to students and designated clients.
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“ AAP must explore the use of technology to enhance delivery of programs and services
… ”
DML 631 | Instructional Design, Curricula, & Learning Theory | Fall 2013

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O’Banion’s Advising Model
 The model outlines 5 elements of the advising process with the first three processes directly tied to career and major exploration:
1.
Exploration of life goals
2.
Exploration of career goals
3.
Selection of a major/program of study
4.
Exploration of course choice
5.
Exploration of scheduling options
 Lack of reflection on the first two processes may result in students choosing inappropriate programs / majors, changing and/or dropping majors, or poorly perform in the program they selected.
DML 631 | Instructional Design, Curricula, & Learning Theory | Fall 2013

Self
Awareness
Explore
Options
Evaluate
Fit
Take
Action
Adjust to
Transition
Freshmen
(1 st Semester)
Freshmen
(2 nd Semester)
Sophomore Junior Senior
DML 631 | Instructional Design, Curricula, & Learning Theory | Fall 2013

10. Adjust to
Transition
9. Take Action
8. New understanding
7.Evaluate Fit
6. Explore
Options
5. Self
Assessment
4. New understanding
3. Evaluate Fit
2. Explore
Options
1. Self
Assessment
DML 631 | Instructional Design, Curricula, & Learning Theory | Fall 2013

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Expectancy Value Theory (EVT)
 EVT deals with motivational influences on individuals’ performance on different achievement, activities and their choices of which activities to pursue.
 Most direct influences on performance and choice:
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 the beliefs individuals have about their ability in different areas and how well they expect to do on them, the values or incentives different activities hold for individuals.
 Eccles and Wigfield delineate three aspects of valuing achievement:
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Interest Value
Attainment Value
Utility Value
DML 631 | Instructional Design, Curricula, & Learning Theory | Fall 2013

H ow can higher education institutions, especially student affairs professionals improve the status and increase the representation of historically underrepresented students in majors and occupations that have traditionally attracted students from privileged backgrounds?
Resource: Best Practices Paper on Advising Undecided Students | Literature Review

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Choosing a major poses greater challenge because their parents may be less able to offer them guidance
They are less likely than those whose parents were college graduates to have a declared major
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Factors affecting indecision:
Poor academic preparation
Lack of information about majors and careers
Resource: Best Practices Paper on Advising Undecided Students | Literature Review

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Perceived career-related barriers
Ethnic minorities anticipated more career barriers than did their
European American peers
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Career Self-efficacy
African Americans, Asian Americans Hispanics, and Filipino
Americans were more likely to perceive their racial status as a barrier to their personal career development and self-efficacy
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Career Maturity
“ career maturity is one’s readiness to make sound, educated career decisions.”
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Stages for career maturation:
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Orientation to vocational choice
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Information and planning
Crystallization of traits
Wisdom of vocational preferences
Resource: Best Practices Paper on Advising Undecided Students | Literature Review

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Bembenu., Herfer (2012). An Interview with Allan Wiglield: A Giant on Research on Expectancy Value Motivation and Reading
Achievement. Journal of Advanced Academics, V23(2), 185-195.
Chen, X. (2005). First-Generation Students in Postsecondary Education: A Look at Their College Transcripts. Retrieved May 21, 2013 from NCES: http://nces.ed.gov/das/epubs/2005171/executive3.asp
Cuseo, J. (2003). Academic Advisiement and Student Retention: Emperical connections and systematic iterventions. Retrieved
May 21, 2013 from http://cpe.ky.gov/NR/rdonlyres/6781576F-67A6-4DF0-B2D3-
2E71AE0D5D97/0/CuseoAcademicAdvisementandStudentRetentionEmpiraclConnectionsandSystemicInterventions.pdf
Gordon, V. N. (2007). The Undecided College Student: An Academic and Career Advising Challenge. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
Johns Hopkins Career Centers, The career Decision Making Model (Retrieved in November 2013).
McCallaWriggins, B. (n.d.). Integrating Career and Academic Advising. Retrieved May 5, 2013, from Clearing House Academic
Advsing Resources: http://www.nacada.ksu.edu/Resources/Clearinghouse/View-Articles/Integrating-career-and-academicadvising.aspx
Montag, T., Campo, J., Weissman, J., Walmsley, A., & Snell, A. (2012). In their Own Words: Best Practices for Advising Millennial
Students about Majors. NACADA Journal , V32 (2), 26-34.
O'Banion, Terry. 2012.
Updating the Traditional Academic Advising Model for the 21st Century . Community College
Journal (Retrieved in November 2013).
Pryor, Pryor, J. H., Eagan, K., Palucki Blake, L., Hurtado, S., Berdan, J., et al. (Fall 2012). The Freshmen Survey: National Norms
Fall 2012. Higher Education Research Institute . Retrieved May 20 from The Freshmen Survey Publication: http://www.heri.ucla.edu/tfsPublications.php
Smith, J. S. (2012). First-Year Student Perceptions of Academic Advisement: A Qualitative Study and Reality Check. NACADA
Journal , V22 (2), 39-48.
Sneva, Jacob, N. (2011). Exploring Career Decision-making Self-efficacy, Career Maturity Attitudes, and Racial Identity Attitudes of College Students of Color. (unpublished doctoral dissertation). University at Buffalo, State University of New York. Retrieved
April 15 from: http://udini.proquest.com/view/exploring-career-decision-making-pqid:2407413341/