“Expansion & Conflict”
- Jefferson to Jackson -
Early North Am. Explorers
• Missionaries
– Circuit Riders: Pastors, ride to local churches.
• Fur Traders– French: Midwest, Great Lakes.
• Explorers
– Zebulon Pike: 1805, explores upper Miss. Valley.
Louisiana Purchase
1803
• Jefferson purchases L. Territory from France
for $15 million.
– Monroe to Paris-purchase New Orleans
– Doubled size of U.S.
• Why?
– Western farm goods need transportation
– Free navigation of Mississippi River
– Store goods, New Orleans
• Legal?
– T.J.- strict constructionist
– Constitution does not give POTUS this power.
Corps of Discovery
1804 – 1806
• Pres. Jefferson sends Lewis & Clark to chart new
terr.
– Find all-water route to Pacific, contact Native tribes.
– Map country, survey plants, animals, landforms.
Captains – Meriwether Lewis &
William Clark
• 50 frontiersman accompany.
• Sacagawea, Shoshone Nat. Am. guide &
interpreter.
Lewis' First Glimpse of the Rockies"
• Leave St. Louis, over Rockies, stop Pacific, rtn to St.
Louis.
Supreme Court
• Judiciary Act of 1801
– Creates new positions in court system
– Departing POTUS Adams hurries to appoint
judges
– New Sec. of State, Madison refuses to deliver
appointments
– Marbury asks SC to have appt. delivered.
Marbury v. Madison
• Established S/C power
– Right to declare Congressional laws
unconstitutional.
• Known as, Judicial Review.
– “checks and balances” in action.
War of 1812
• U.S. & Britain war from 18121815.
• Causes:
– British impressments of Am. Sailors.
– Trade relations disrupted over FR/Eng. War.
– Eng. helping N.W. Indians.
• War Hawks-favor war-most from W. states.
Major Events
• Most fighting on U.S./Canada border
• Naval war-Cptn Perry defeats Br on Lake
Erie.
• Tecumseh-sides w/ Br. dies at defeat of
Battle of Thames in Ontario.
• Baltimore Harbor-Ft. McHenry withstands
Br bombardment.
• Wash. D.C, invaded by Br. much burned
to ground.
Rise in Nationalism
• Nationalism
– The interests of the nation, more important than
the regions of the country.
• Monroe Doctrine
– Any Euro attempt to colonize
the Americas is “dangerous
to our peace and safety.”
“Age of Jackson”
•
•
•
•
Hero of Battle of New Orleans.
Lost 1824 Pres. Election
Creates Democratic party
Jacksonian Democracy-hero of ordinary
Amer’s.
• Andrew Jackson: elected 1829 – 37.
• Spoils System: reward supporters with gov’t
jobs.
• Indian Removal Act:
– 1830: Cong. law – five “civilized tribes” moved
west to OK.
– Trail of Tears: 1838 16K Cherokees forced
marched, 4,000+ die.
Threat to the Union
• S. opposed tariffs on
imports
• 1828 tariff hurts South
• S.Carolina will Nullify(not
obey fed law.)
– S.C threatens succession.
• Potus AJ-threatens troops to S.C.
• S.C. will enforce tariffs.
• Jackson’s Bank War:
– Jackson feels 2nd Bank favors wealthy, N.East.
– 2nd Bank of U.S.- regulates state banks.
– Jackson breaks up Nat. Bank;
– 2nd Bank becomes state banks or “pet” banks.
Age of Jackson Impact
• Universal suffrage: All white males given
vote.
• The people are the sovereign power.
• Increased the power of the President.