Foundation year
Digestive system
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lecture, you should able to:
1)
Explain the functions of the digestive system.
2)
Label a diagram of the digestive system.
3)
Identify and use the roots pertaining to the digestive system.
4)
Describe the major disorders of the digestive system.
5)
Interpret abbreviations used in referring to the gastrointestinal
system.
6)
Define medical terms used in reference to the digestive system.
7)
Analyze case studies concerning gastroenterology.
Digestive system
TERMS RELATED TO THE
digestive system
• 1. Anus (n) (ay-nus): opening at the lower end
of the digestive tract (system), through which
faeces are discharged. The combining forms
an/o and proct/o both mean the anus.
• Anal – adj
• Anally – adverb
2. Rectal (adj) (rek-t’l) pertaining to the rectum.
The combining form is rect/o.
Rectum – noun.
rectally – adverb.
3. appendix (n) (a-pn-diks):
the short thin blind-ended
tube, 2-20 cm long that is
attached to the end of the
caecum. The combining form
appendic/o means appendix.
appendiceal - adj
4. colon (n) ( koh-lon): the main part
of the large intestine, running from
the caecum at the end of the small
intestine to the rectum. The
combining forms col/o and colon/o
mean colon and large intestine.
Colonic – adj
♣ Colitis (n) means inflammation of the colon.
♣ Colonoscopy
means visual examination of the inside
of the colon, using a colonoscope passed through the
rectum.
5. Duodenum (n) ( dew-o-deen-
um): first of the three parts of
small intestine. The combining
form duoden/o means
duodenum.
Duodenal – adj
6. Enteral (adj) (en-ter-al): means pertaining to the
intestine.
enterally (adverb)
Intestine (noun)
♣ Enteritis: inflammation of the small intestine.
7. Gall bladder (n) (gawl-blad-er) pear-
shaped sac located under the liver.
The combining form chole/o means
bile or gall, and cyst/o means cyst or
sac filled with fluid.
♣ Cholecystectomy: surgical removal
of the gall bladder.
8. gastric (adj) (gas-trik) pertaining to
the stomach.
♣ Gastroenterologist: doctor who
specializes in the diseases of the
stomach and intestine.
♣ Gastroscopy: visual examination of
the stomach.
9. Ileum (n) (il-ium): the lowest of the
three portions of the small intestine,
between jejunum and caecum.
Ileal – adj (il-i-al)
♣ ileectomy: surgical removal of the
ileum or part of the ileum.
10. liver (n) large organ in the upper part of the
abdomen. The combining form hepat/o means
liver.
hepatic – adj.
♣ Hepatitis: inflammation of the liver.
11. Pancreas (n) (pank-ri-as): gland which lies across the back
of the upper abdomen. The combining form is pancreat/o.
Pancreatic – adj.
12. To digest (v) means to break down the food in the
alimentary tract and to convert it into elements which
are absorbed into the body.
digestive – adj
digestion – noun
digestible – adj (can be digested)
13. Buccal (adj) (buk-al):
usually pertaining to the
inside of the cheek. The
combining form bucc/o
means cheek.
14. Dentistry (n) (den-tist-ri):
a branch of medicine which
deals with teeth and gums.
The combining form dent/o
means teeth.
Dental – adj
♣ Dentist: doctor who
specializes in treating
disorders of the teeth.
♣ Dentition (n) (den-tish-on)
means the number, type and
arrangement of teeth as a
whole in the mouth.
♣ Denture (n) (den-cher) means a set of false teeth, fixed
to a plate which fits inside the mouth.
15. To extract (v) (eks-trakt) means to pull out (a tooth
for example).
extraction – noun
16. gingiva (n) (jin-jiv-a) means
gum.
Gingival – adj
♣ gingivitis: inflammation of
the gums.
17. Labial (adj) (lay-bi-al) pertaining to the lips or to
the labium. The combining forms labi/o and cheil/o
mean lips.
Lips – noun
Labium – noun
♣ labioplasty:
surgical repair of injury or
deformity of the lips.
18. Lingual (adj) (ling-wal) pertaining to the tongue.
lingu/o and gloss/o both mean tongue.
19. Oesophagus (n) (ee-sof-a-gus) from the pharynx to
the stomach. The combining form is oesophag/o.
oesophageal – adj
20. Pharyngeal (adj)(fa-rin-jee-al) pertaining to the
pharynx.
♣ Pharyngitis (n) inflammatioon of the pharynx.
Pharynx – noun.
21. Oral (adj) pertaining to the mouth. The combining
form or/o means the mouth.
Mouth – noun.
orally – adverb.
22. Stoma (n) (stoh-ma) means mouth. The combining
form is stomat/o.
stomal – adj.
♣ Stomatitis: (n) inflammation of the mouth.
23. Palate (n) (pal-at): roof of the mouth. The
combining form is palat/o.
Palatine – adj.
♣ Palatoplasty: surgical repair of the roof of the
mouth.
24. Saliva (n) secretions from the salivary glands.
ANY QUESTION ?