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Industrial Revolution in the North
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Poor soil encouraged industry over agriculture.
Rivers provided power and transport.
Banks in cities provided capital.
Access to coal and iron ore.
Encourages urbanization as people move to cities seeking jobs.
Textile Production in the North
 Cotton from South.
 Women and children to work machines.
 Numerous towns and cities as markets for textiles.
Spinning, weaving, and all
steps under one roof.
 Single women came from
farms to work in textile mills.
 They lived in company
boarding houses.
 Long hours, poor working
conditions.
 Opportunities for friendship
and community.
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King Cotton
The Cotton Gin – Eli Whitney
 Cotton plantations and slavery rapidly spread west.
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South the world’s largest producer of cotton.
Cotton more than half of all American exports.
 In 1817, South produced 461,000 bales of cotton.
 In 1860, South produced 4.8 million bales.
Southern economy became entirely dependent
upon slavery.
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 In 1820, 1.5 million slaves.
 In 1860, 4 million slaves.
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Cities and Industry DID NOT grow in South.
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‘Old Hickory’
“Corrupt Bargain” in Election of 1824
Campaign/Election of 1828
 Candidate of the Common Man
 Party Politics
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Inauguration Day
The Bank of the United States (BUS)
The Nullification Crisis
 Was the Union permanent?
 Was secession a valid way to protect minority rights?
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Jackson’s Indian Policy
 Trail of Tears
Jackson had lost the Election of 1824 in the
Northeastern United States.
 His supporters in Congress created a tariff to protect
eastern manufacturers and help Jackson to win the next
presidential election.
 Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations) – protective tariff
on raw materials, agricultural imports and some
manufactured goods, including a 50% duty on cotton
cloth.
 The Tariff hurt the South – they had to buy high-cost
American cloth or highly taxed British goods. Cost
southern planters $100 million annually.
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Vice President John C. Calhoun argued that the Union
was a compact between sovereign states. Thus, the
people of each state had the right to nullify any federal
law they believed unconstitutional.
 If a state chose to nullify a law Congress could either:
repeal the law or propose a constitutional amendment
giving the federal government the power in question.
 If the amendment was ratified and added to the
Constitution, the nullifying state could then either: accept
the decision, or exercise its right as a sovereign state by
seceding from the Union.
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Jackson said that the Union was not a compact of
sovereign states. The Supreme Court, not the states, had
the final authority to determine the meaning of the
Constitution.
 Jackson believed the Union was perpetual – no state
had the right of secession. Nullification was treason!
 Resolution: Jackson signed a compromise which called
for a gradual lowering of duties over the next decade, but
asked Congress to pass the Force Bill of 1833, which gave
him the ability to enforce tariff duties.
 In return, South Carolina repealed its nullification of
tariff laws, but nullified Force Bill, which Jackson ignored.
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Was the Union permanent?
Was secession a valid way to protect minority
rights?
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The Second Bank of the United States had been chartered
for 20 years in 1816.
 The B.U.S. had generally played a responsible economic role.
 Jackson believed the bank to be corrupt and to benefit only
the wealthy elite.
 Supporters of the bank believed Jackson would not veto the
legislation to give the bank a second charter during an election
year so they sought a second charter four years earlier in 1832.
 Jackson did veto the bank. Additionally, he moved public
funds out of the bank and into private state banks.
 Jackson’s action created a panic and contributed to an
economic depression.
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War against the Creek Indians.
The Trail of Tears.
Jackson greatly increased the power of the President.
 Jackson believed the President was the true
representative of the people – far more than the
legislative and judicial branches.
 Supported rights for the common white man, but
fought extending rights to Indians, blacks, and women.
 Jackson was criticized by his opponents as “King
Andrew” – he vetoed 12 bills, all previous presidents had
vetoed a combined 9 bills.
 What are some examples of Jackson taking a lot of
power as President?
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Please write down three examples of Jackson taking
more power than the president had generally taken
prior to his administration.
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The Second Great Awakening
 Camp meetings
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Temperance
 The American Temperance Society
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Health and Sexuality
Institutional Reform
 Schools
 Health Facilities and Asylums
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Working-class Reforms
New England Antislavery
Society
 William Lloyd Garrison
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 The Liberator
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Frederick Douglass
 The North Star
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Tactics
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Literature
Petitions
Boycotts
Calls for Rebellion
Jackson’s Response –
“Gag Rule”
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Angelina and Sarah
Grimke
 Connection to
Antislavery Movement
 Seneca Falls Convention
(1848)
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 Declaration of Sentiments
and Resolutions
“. . . But we are assembled to protest against a form
of government, existing without the consent of the
governed – to declare out right to be free as man is
free, to be represented in the government which we
are taxed to support, to have such disgraceful laws as
give man the power to chastise and imprison his wife.
. . . And, strange as it may seem to many, we now
demand our right to vote according to the declaration
of the government under which we live.”
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Seneca Falls Declaration, August
2, 1848
Abby Kelley wrote, American women “have good cause to
be grateful to the slave, for in striving to strike his iron off,
we found most surely, that we were manacled ourselves.”
“I ask no favors for my sex. I surrender not our claim to
equality. All I ask of our brethren is, that they will take
their feet from off our necks and permit us to stand
upright on that ground which God designed us to
occupy.” Sarah Grimke