AP Physics C-Electricity and Magnetism Syllabus Overview Students enrolled in AP Physics C have already completed a year-long, accelerated physics course in their junior year. It is required that they also have completed, or are concurrently enrolled in a first semester calculus course. The AP Physics C course will meet five, 70-minute periods a week, for a75 day second semester. Approximately one and a half weeks will be allowed for review immediately prior to the AP exams in May, and review sessions will also be held outside of class time during the second semester. Students are expected to take both the mechanics and electricity and magnetism AP exams in May. Students are highly recommended to review practice exams and other materials available through the College Board website. Textbook University Physics, 12th Edition, Young and Freedman (Pearson, 2008) Materials Needed Textbook Three-ring binder with tab dividers and notebook paper Scientific calculator Pens and pencils WebAssign account and access to internet outside of the class Course Description This fast-paced semester-long course is designed to prepare students for the AP Physics C exam in electricity and magnetism. Topics will be covered in the order presented in chapters 21-30 of the Young and Freedman textbook, University Physics. Calculus will be used throughout this course, with emphasis on both differential and integral methods. Concepts and problem-solving techniques will be introduced through a series of lectures, interactive demonstrations, question and answer sessions, problem-solving sessions, laboratory investigations, and homework assignments. The course will adhere to a tight schedule and students will be expected to put in 30-60 minutes per night in homework. Major Units of Study Unit 1: Electrostatics: charge, field and energy Unit 2: Conductors, Capacitors and Dielectrics Unit 3: Electric Circuits Unit 4: Magnetic Fields Unit 5: Electromagnetism 1 Instructional Strategies Lectures: Formal presentation of concepts will typically proceed through lecture. Since students have already completed a year-long, advanced course in physics, lectures will be limited in number and duration to topics deemed to be sufficiently difficult or novel to students. Wherever possible, the instructional strategy will be to present students with phenomena first, and follow this with explication of concepts, working from concrete to abstract. Interactive demonstrations: The instructor will incorporate a variety of demonstrations within the course. The purpose of such demonstrations ranges from introduction of a new concept (introductory) to detailed analysis of a phenomena using labware probes (advanced.) Demonstrations will serve to support the conceptual understandings required for the mechanics curriculum. Question and Answer Sessions: Interaction and feedback make question and answer sessions essential in this course. Class-wide question and answer sessions will be incorporated on a daily basis, in a largely informal manner. These may center on student queries about lecture topics, demonstrations, labs or physics problems. Problem-Solving Sessions: Students will be allowed class time to work individually and collaboratively on solving problems assigned in class or as homework. These sessions are valuable insofar as they allow students to exchange strategies for mastering problem-solving techniques, and also allow students to interact with the instructor on a one-on-one basis. Laboratory Investigations: As a laboratory-based course, students should expect to spend about 20% of class time (1 day for every 5 days of instruction) doing laboratory work. Labs are designed to reinforce concepts from the mechanics curriculum. Labs are designed to maximize student inquiry, collaborative interactions, authentic applications and open-ended creative solutions whenever possible. Students will often be required to generate their own procedures, decide which information is relevant, and then decide how to organize and analyze this information. Students will be required to consider and evaluate possible sources of error in laboratory investigations. Clear communication of ideas and findings through writing, tables, graphs and calculations will be demanded. Reports will typically document purpose, method, data, analysis and conclusions. Students will work collaboratively in teams of 2-3, but will generally submit their own individual final reports. Students are expected to compile a portfolio of their lab work for each semester. Homework: AP Physics is a college-level course! Students will need to invest 45-60 minutes of time each evening on preparation for class. This will include online and written problem assignments, reading assignments, laboratory write-ups and general study time. Problemsolving assignments are of particular importance in the homework regimen. Problems found at the end of the textbook chapter will be assigned on a weekly basis. Students will submit answers through Webassign and will be expected to achieve a minimum percentage of correct responses after a limited number of allowed attempts. From these problem sets, students will also be asked to submit a subset of fully-worked out problems in writing. These problems should be submitted on loose leaf paper. 2 Assessment Strategies Philosophy: Assessment of Student Understanding: Since this course is fast-paced, it is essential that students prepare themselves in a daily manner for lessons. Toward this end, the instructor will assess students on a daily basis in either formative or summative manners. Students will be assessed formatively on a daily basis in a variety of ways, including o Formative: Although homework assignments and quizzes will comprise 20% of the classroom grade, the spirit of homework assessment is to provide formative feedback. Students will be given multiple opportunities to achieve full credit on problem assignments, encouraging them to revisit problems that they find especially difficult. On a weekly basis, students will be expected to successfully complete a minimum percentage of online problems. The instructor will also collect and provide feedback on students’ written problems on a weekly basis. Homework quizzes will be administered on a frequent basis to test student understanding and provide feedback for improvement. o Summative: Laboratory reports (see previous section), unit tests and the final exam are modeled on the AP exams and are very difficult. Unit tests are given at the end of each unit and are written to encourage students to see the ‘big picture.’ Unit tests will be divided into multiple choice and free response sections. Free response problems on unit tests will involve combining material from previous units. Weighting of Class Work Grade: The class work portion of the grade will be weighted as follows: Homework and Quizzes (20%), Labs (20%), Unit Tests (60%) Final Exam: A final examination will be administered at the termination of each semester and will be cumulative. The final exam will count for 20% of the semester grade. Grading: Final grades for the quarter and semester will be assigned according to the following scale: A (90-100%), B (80-89.9%), C (70-79.9%), D (60-69.9%), F (<60%) Category weighting for AP Physics Class Work Category Labs and activities Homework (Webassign and collected work) Homework quizzes Tests Code LAB Weight 20% HW 10% HWQ 10% TST 60% Typical assignment values 100 for labs 20, 25, 50 for activities Determined by webassign (20-50 typical) 100 for large quizzes 20, 25, 50 for small quizzes and homework checkins 100 for multiple choice 40 for problems 3 Electricity and Magnetism Labs Students will spend 20% of course time on laboratory work. This work will include both informal activities of an exploratory nature, and also lengthier laboratory investigations requiring a formal analysis and write-up. The following formal laboratory investigations will support the mechanics curriculum: Electric Potential Mapping Lab: Using conductive ink pens, students will create and test a variety of conductive patterns on a sheet of resistive paper. They will use a voltage probe to measure the magnitude and sign of the electric potential at a variety of key locations. They will use their results to qualitatively sketch electric field gradients. They will test their predictions using PhET* software designed for modeling electric fields and potentials. RC Circuits Lab: Students will construct a basic resistor and capacitor DC circuit using breadboards with stock capacitors and resistors. They will use voltage probes to measure time constant for charging and discharging of these circuits, using different combinations of resistors and capacitors. RC Circuits Virtual Lab: Students will use the PhET application, “Circuit construction kit” to build circuits containing resistors and capacitors and test the steady state behavior of circuits containing these elements. They will also test the behavior of DC circuits containing multiple capacitors in series and in parallel. Kirchoff’s Rules Lab: Students will use breadboards and stock resistors to create a variety of DC circuits. They will measure equivalent resistance, current and voltage drops in these circuits, comparing their results to predictions from Ohm’s law. They will test circuits containing both series and parallel combinations of resistors. They will construct circuits with multiple loops, comparing their results to the predictions of Kirchoff’s rules. Finally, students will model these circuits using the PhET circuit construction kit. Biot-Savart Law Lab: Students will construct Helmholtz coils using wire and cardboard discs. They will use magnetic field probes to measure the magnetic field along the axis of these coils when a DC current is applied, comparing field magnitudes and directions to theoretical predictions from the law of Biot-Savart. Slinky Solenoid Lab: Students will use a magnetic field probe to measure the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field generated within a solenoid. For the solenoid, students will pass an electric current through the coils of a toy Slinky. As part of this lab, students will determine the magnitude of the magnetic permeability constant. RL Circuits Virtual Lab: Students will use PhET circuit construction kit to build circuits containing resistors and inductors and test the steady state behavior of circuits containing these elements. Induction Virtual Lab: Students will explore a variety of concepts relating to Faraday’s law, electromagnetic induction and electromagnetic radiation using PhET applications designed to provide a virtual introduction to these topics. *PhET, Physics Education Technology website. http://phet.colorado.edu/ 4 Units of Study, Detailed Outline – Electricity and Magnetism Unit 1: Electrostatics: Charge, Field and Energy (15 days) , Chapters 21-23 o Electric charge and Coulomb’s law Describe types and behavior of electric charge Apply Coulomb’s law and the superposition principle o Electric field Define in terms of force on a test charge Calculate magnitude and direction of field from or more point charges Interpret electric field diagrams Analyze kinematics of motion of a charged particle in a field. o Gauss’s law Concept of flux and Gaussian surface Electric field by integration for symmetric geometries o Electric potential Concept of electric potential and relation to field Potential of point charge configurations Potential by integration o Fields and potentials of other charge distributions Equipotential lines and surfaces Unit 2: Conductors, Capacitors and Dielectrics (5 days), Chapter 24 o Conductors Explain how charge distributes itself on conductor in equilibrium Describe the electric fields surrounding conductors in equilibrium o Capacitors Define capacitance and state relation to charge, voltage and energy o Parallel plate capacitors o Dielectrics Understand effect of dielectric placed within a capacitor Unit 3: Electric Circuits (16 days), Chapters 25, 26 o Current, resistance and power Concept of resistance and current at microscopic level Ohm’s law o Steady-state direct current circuits with batteries and resistors only Series and parallel combinations of resistors Application of Kirchoff’s rules to solve circuits o Capacitors in circuits Concept of voltage and charge across capacitors in initial and steady-state situations Capacitors in series and parallel Write expressions for time-dependence of charge and voltage for capacitor 5 Unit 4: Magnetic Fields (15 days), Chapters 27, 28 o Forces on moving charges in magnetic fields Describe magnitude and direction of force on charges moving in magnetic fields Understand situations involving motion of charged particle through a magnetic field at constant velocity, uniform circular motion, etc. o Forces on current-carrying wires in magnetic fields Describe magnitude and direction of force on current-carrying wire in magnetic field Calculate magnitude and direction of torque on current loops o Fields of long current-carrying wires Calculate net field from multiple current sources, and the effect that one wire has on another. o Biot-Savart law and Ampere’s law Derive and apply expression for the field created by summing small current elements, in particular for a circular loop of current. Use Ampere’s law, plus symmetry arguments and the right-hand rule, to relate magnetic field strength to current for planar or cylindrical symmetries. Unit 5: Electromagnetism (14 days), Chapters 29, 30 o Electromagnetic induction Calculate flux of a uniform field through a loop of arbitrary orientation. Calculate flux of a non-uniform field by integration Calculate the magnitude and direction of an induced emf in a loop under different circumstances o Inductance Understand how an emf generated within an inductor Understand self-inductance of long solenoid. Understand LR and LC circuits with direct current, especially initial and steady state behavior. o Maxwell’s Equations Recognize each of Maxwell’s equations and identify its implications 6