Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function Notes
Complete the following table in detail using the information in chapter 3.
ORGANELLE
LABELED
SKETCH
DESCRIBE STRUCTURE
DESCRIBE FUNCTION





double membrane
pores
centrally located
outer membrane forms ER
contains DNA




controls cell functions
pores allow molecules to move in and
out of nucleus
cell division
protein synthesis initiated and conrolled



encloses DNA
molecules can pass through the pores

double membrane of
phospholipid bilayers
contains pores
c. nucleolus


darkened area inside nucleus
consists of proteins and RNA

proteins and RNA form the structural
subunits for ribosomes
d. mitochondria


double membrane
inner folds to increase surface
area (called cristae)


site of cellular respiration
glucose and oxygen converted to ATP,
carbon dioxide and water
provides all the usable energy for the
cell’s functions
a. nucleus
b. nuclear envelope

e. ribosomes



free floating or attached to the
RER
2 subunits
consist of tightly packed proteins
and rRNA (ribosomal RNA)


Site of protein synthesis
translates the mRNA code from DNA to
determine the sequence of amino acids
in a polypeptide (to form the protein)
f. rough endoplasmic
reticulum


Studded with ribosomes
membranous channels and tubes



site of protein synthesis
transports proteins throughout the cell
proteins packed in the lumen of the ER
into vesicles
g. smooth endoplasmic
reticulum

Tubule like membrane extending
throughout the cell cytoplasm

site of lipid synthesis like steroids and
phospholipid production
packages these lipids into vesicles from
the SER for transport

h. Golgi bodies

large flattened sacs or vacuoles

accepts molecules from vesicles for
modification, processing, storing and
secreting
i.

membrane bound containing
hydrolytic enzymes

fuse with vesicles and vacuoles or old
organelles for digestion and breakdown
intracellular digestion
lysosomes

j.
peroxisomes

membrane bound containing
hydrolytic enzymes


k. vesicles

small membrane bound sac


l.
vacuoles

large membrane bound sac


m. cell membrane
n. centrioles



phospholipid bilayer with
embedded proteins, cholesterol
and has carbohydrate chains

9+2 pattern of microtubules
a pair at right angles to each
other located near the nucleus




fuse with vesicles and vacuoles as well
as old organelles to digest them with the
enzymes
produce hydrogen peroxide during
hydrolysis; H2O2 quickly dissociates
into H2O and O2.
transports small molecules and liquids
around the cell and to and from the cell
membrane
vesicles move along the cytoskeleton
transports large molecules, bacteria and
viruses around the cell and to and from
the cell membrane
vesicles move along the cytoskeleton
regulates the transport of molecules in
and out of the cell
creates a cell barrier
involved in cell recognition and provide
the cell fingerprint
involved in spindle fiber formation
during cell division to pull the
chromosomes apart
also form the basal bodies
o. Cytoskeleton
(microtubules,
intermediate
filaments
actinfilaments)

consists of proteins strands that
run throughout the cell
extend from cell membrane to
nucleus



provide internal structure to cell
attach/anchor the organelles
allow vesicles to transport to and from
the cell membrane and around the cell
p. Cell Wall


only found in plant cells
formed of cellulose fibers

provides rigid structure to the plant cells
q. Chloroplast


only in plants
double membrane with inner
forming the stacked discs for
high surface area

site of photosynthesis where sunlight
energy, carbon dioxide and water are
converted to glucose and oxygen for the
mitochondria to use and produce ATP
for the cell
r. Large central
vacuole

centrally located and large

stores water, starch and other nutrients
for the cell
shrink when lack of water and causes
wilting
expands with presence of water and
creates turgor pressure.
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