protein machines
The lysosome is a
membranous bag which
contains hydrolytic enzymes
that are used to digest
macromolecules. The
lysosome contains over 40
enzymes, some of which are
the proteases, nucleases,
and phopholipases. These
enzymes optimally work at a
pH of 5 (acidic), so should
these enzymes leak out they
would cause minimal damage
to the cytoplasm
A proteasome chops proteins until
they are 7÷8 amino acids long
protein machines
The lysosome is a
membranous bag which
contains hydrolytic enzymes
that are used to digest
macromolecules. The
lysosome contains over 40
enzymes, some of which are
the proteases, nucleases,
and phopholipases. These
enzymes optimally work at a
pH of 5 (acidic), so should
these enzymes leak out they
would cause minimal damage
to the cytoplasm
A proteasome chops proteins until
they are 3 to 23 aminoacids long
protein machines
The lysosome is a
membranous bag which
contains hydrolytic enzymes
that are used to digest
macromolecules. The
lysosome contains over 40
enzymes, some of which are
the proteases, nucleases,
and phopholipases. These
enzymes optimally work at a
pH of 5 (acidic), so should
these enzymes leak out they
would cause minimal damage
to the cytoplasm
A proteasome chops proteins until
they are 3 to 23 aminoacids long
protein machines
Engineered protein machines can be embedded in synthetic nanomembranes that may
one day break down cellulose more efficiently or produce hydrogen for fuel cells
Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae (no Gal4 gene)
Overview of two-hybrid assay, checking for
interactions between two proteins, called
here Bait and Prey.
A. Gal4 transcription factor gene produces two
domain protein (BD and AD), which is
essential for transcription of the reporter gene
(LacZ).
B,C. Two fusion proteins are
prepared: Gal4BD+Bait and Gal4AD+Prey.
None of them is usually sufficient to initiate
the transcription (of the reporter gene) alone.
D. When both fusion proteins are
produced and Bait part of the first interact
with Prey part of the second, transcription of
the reporter gene occurs.
an intensely blue product
which is insoluble