BALANCING NATIONALISM
AND SECTIONALISM:
LESSON 14
After the War of
I. 1812-1824: An Increase 1812, the United
States experienced
in Nationalism
an upsurge in
A.
Examples

Victory in War of 1812
nationalism


showed nation was united
Loyalty toward America first
before states
Nation favored extending
power of federal
government
II.
Early 19th Century Economy
and Nationalism
A.
1815: President James
Madison established a plan
for national growth

Develop transportation
systems and other internal
improvements

Establish a protective
tariff

Resurrect the Bank of the
United States
B.
Henry Clay’s
AMERICAN SYSTEM
1.
Attempt to unite the nation’s
economic interests
2.
Clay proposed three mutually
reinforcing parts:

Tariff to protect and promote
American industry

National bank to foster commerce

Federal subsidies (funds) for
roads, canals, and other "internal
improvements" to develop
profitable markets for agriculture
3.
Agricultural South and West 
provide the grain, meat and cotton for
North
4.
Industrial North  provide
manufactured goods needed by
farmers in South and West
5.
How to pay for it? Tariffs and sales of
public lands
C.
INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION: Factory
system developed in
England comes to
America
1.
NEW ENGLAND: Site of
new investment in factory
expansion
2.
Introduction of
interchangeable parts (Eli
Whitney) fueled factory
movement and mass
production
3.
However, sale of American
goods suffered due to
dumping of British
products in U.S. trade
markets
4.
PROTECTIVE TARIFF OF
1816: Reaction to British
dumping their goods into
U.S. markets
D.
Improvements fueled westward
expansion  Because of
improved roads, steamboats, and
canals, the population in the west
increased
1.
NATIONAL ROAD (Cumberland
Road): national road system
constructed between Maryland
and Illinois from 1811 to 1838
2.
ERIE CANAL: The “Big Ditch”
linked the Hudson River to Lake
Erie, opening up the West to
Atlantic trade
3.
STEAMBOAT (Robert Fulton):
Invention of the steamboat
allowed for faster water
transportation  Fulton’s
Clermont
E.
1811-1816: Debate over
rechartering the Bank of the
United States
1.
2.
Bank’s charter expired in 1811

Banks in the individual states
could not keep up with need for
uniform currency (lack of
reserves)

State banks not safe for
federal deposits
1816: Congress approved new 20year charter for Second Bank of U.S.
III. Political Affairs and
Nationalism
JAMES MONROE
President - Republican
1817-1825
A. 1817-1823: DemocraticRepublicans were
unopposed
B. 1820: James Monroe
won second term
C. 1824: DemocraticRepublicans split over
sectional issues
IV. Foreign Affairs
Expressed American
Nationalism
A.
B.
RUSH-BAGOT
AGREEMENT
1.
Disarmed the U.S.Canadian border
2.
U.S. finally treated as
equals by Great Britain
CONVENTION OF 1818:
U.S.-Canadian border
fixed at 49th parallel
C. 1819: PURCHASE OF
FLORIDA
1. Indians and pirates raided
American towns
2. 1818: Andrew Jackson
invaded Florida  Seminoles
defeated
3. Spain forced to sell Florida
to the U.S.
4. ADAMS-ONIS TREATY: Spain
sold Florida to the U.S. for
$5 million
D. 1823:
MONROE DOCTRINE
1.
Provisions of Monroe
Doctrine



2.
U.S. would stay out of
European affairs
No more European
colonization in Western
Hemisphere
Existing European
colonies in Latin America
can remain isolated
MOTIVATION: U.S. saw an
economic opportunity in
Latin America
PROVISIONS
OF
MONROE
DOCTRINE
V. How sectionalism
impacted domestic
issues
A. 1820:
MISSOURI
COMPROMISE
1. AT ISSUE  EXPANSION
OF SLAVERY
2. Missouri became slave
state
3. Maine created as free
state
4. Line of 1820 created
North of line 
FREE
South of line 
SLAVE
5. REASON FOR
COMPROMISE 
Desire not to upset
balance of power in
Senate
B. American System failed to get
support in Congress
1.
2.
3.
4.
Never worked due to sectional
differences
North refused to pay for
improvements in South
South refused to support tariff
Program started 30-year war
over the protective tariff
V.
Domestic Issues Inspired
by Nationalism
A.
Supreme Court under John
Marshall extended the
power of the federal
government through key
decisions
1.
McCullough v. Maryland  the
states cannot tax federal
institutions
2.
Gibbons v. Ogden  federal
government control of interstate
trade strengthened
VI. Sectional Disputes
DISPUTE
NORTH
Economy
INDUSTRIAL:
Business grew
throughout 19th
century
SUPPORTED
TARIFF: Forced
Protective
Americans to buy
Tariff of
cheaper American
1816
goods first
SOUTH
AGRICULTURAL:
Plantation was basis
of economy (cotton,
tobacco)
AGAINST TARIFF:
Prevented foreign
nations from trading
for southern crops
DISPUTE
NORTH
SOUTH
SUPPORTED BANK:
Loans helped
American industry
grow faster
AGAINST BANK:
Bank wouldn’t grant
loans to poorer
Southerners; caused
state banks to fail
AGAINST
EXPANSION:
Expansion Expansion would give
of Slavery more power to
Southern states in
Congress
SUPPORTED
EXPANSION:
It would help
preserve slavery and
give more power in
Congress
Second
National
Bank