Bellwork:
Mon.
Tues.
Weds.
Thurs.
Friday
Homework for week of March 5th – 9th
Good Luck!
ISTEP
Math/L. Arts Applied Skills
ISTEP
Writing Prompt
Recombinant DNA Pre-Lab
Modeling Recombinant
DNA Lab
Learning Goals:
Evaluate the importance of plant and
animal breeding to humans.
Summarize the steps used to engineer
transgenic organisms.
Analyze how mapping the human
genome is benefitting human life.
Section Objectives:
• Predict the outcome of a test cross.
• Evaluate the importance of plant and animal
breeding to humans.
1. Evaluate the importance of plant and
animal breeding to humans.
2. Summarize the steps used to engineer a
transgenic organism
Chapter 13: Genetic
Engineering
Chapter 13: Genetic
Engineering
This genetically engineered plant
Glows-in-the-Dark!
A genetically engineered mouse that can
grow a human ear!
13-1 Applied Genetics

Selective Breeding:
Allowing only animals with
desired traits to reproduce.
Selective Breeding
In 1947, an average milk
cow produced 4997
pounds of milk per year.
In 1997, 50 years later, an
average milk cow produced
16 915 pounds of milk per year
Hybridization
Crossing (reproducing) different
individuals to bring together the best of
both organisms
 Produce a Hybrid which are often hardier
than parents.

Inbreeding

Breeding of individuals with
similar characteristics to
maintain these
characteristics
Test Cross
Cross of an individual with unknown
genotype with an individual with known
genotype
 Used to determine genotype

Learning Goal:
• Summarize the steps used to
engineer transgenic organisms.
• Give examples of applications
and benefits of genetic
engineering.
13-2: Recombinant DNA Technology
Scientists use our knowledge of DNA to study
and change it!
Genetic Engineering: making changes in the
DNA of living organisms
Some tools we use to change DNA:
DNA Extraction – taking DNA out of the cell
2. Restriction enzymes: are special enzymes
that cut DNA in specific locations
3. Gel electrophoresis: DNA is separated and
analyzed
1.
4. PCR (polymerase chain reaction):
making COPIES of a particular gene that
is CUT (by restriction enzymes) out of the
original DNA
PCR animation
 5. Cutting and Pasting: we can make new
DNA by combining DNA from different
sources this is called Recombinant
DNA

Description: DNA polymerase (blue)
makes many copies of DNA (red) in a
cycle of the polymerase chain reaction
(PCR).
Cut
What is…?
1. recombinant DNA
Cleavage
2. transgenic organism
3. restriction enzyme
4. plasmid
Insertion
DNA Fragments
Plasmid
Plasmids are circular DNA molecules that are
separate from the chromosomal DNA .
They usually occur in bacteria
Action of
Restriction
Enzyme
Foreign DNA into Plasmid
Gel Electrophoresis
Unique pattern created by the
movement of the DNA through
the gel- can identify an individual
DNA
DNA Fingerprinting
Help Jimmy Sweet solve his
candy mystery!
 Who did it?

Click to Solve
DNA Fingerprinting: Who did it
– a cell takes &
incorporates DNA from outside into
its own DNA
 Transformation
Steps to Transforming Bacteria
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Take the gene of interest out of the DNA from a
human cell
Cut it out using restriction enzymes (act like
scissors!!)
You are left with your “gene of interest”
Take a plasmid (ring of DNA) out of a bacterial
cell, cut it with restriction enzymes.
Place the gene of interest in the plasmid,
making a ring again
Put this ring back into a bacteria and let it
reproduce!!
When the same sequence of
bases is found on both DNA
strands, but in opposite
orders, it is called a
Transforming Plant Cells
A
bacterium inserts a DNA plasmid
into plant cells to create new unique
plants
 Ex. Plants resistant to pesticides
Transforming Animal Cells
•DNA is injected into the nucleus of
an egg. As the embryo grows the
new DNA will be reproduced
Many scientists consider genetic
engineering to be simply an effective
method of selective breeding.
Explain.
Today’s Goal:
Analyze how genetic engineering and mapping
the human genome will benefit future
generations.
Gel Electrophoresis
PCR- Polymerase Chain Reaction
Today’s Goal:
Analyze how genetic engineering and mapping
the human genome will benefit future
generations.
Biotechnology
New technology has created a new field
of study: Biotechnology
 We can create transgenic organisms –
that contain genes from other organisms

Glowing bumblebee:
Modified Piglets!
Transgenic Animals

Have been used to study genes and
improve the food supply
 Research
is under way where goats could be
modified to produce spider silk proteins in their milk
that could be used in the production of medical
sutures and bullet-proof vests
Transgenic Plants
Modified plants are important in our food
supply!
 25%
86% of all corn grown in US in genetically
modified
 Ex. They have natural insecticides, resist
herbicides, vitamins

Recombinant DNA
 DNA
produced by
combining DNA from
different sources.
Genetically
engineered cells
contain recombinant
DNA
Firefly gene + tobacco plant = glowing tobacco plant!
Cloning: creating genetically
identical individuals
Cloning Mimi
Click and Clone!
Genetic Science Learning Center, "Permissions Policy," Learn.Genetics, 29 April 2009,
<http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/gslc/permissions.html> (29 April 2009)
13.3- Human
Genome Project





When: Began in 1990, finished in 2003
Cost: approx. $3 billion
What: Sequenced the human genome (all 24
chromosomes)
Why: To help understand our DNA
Fun fact:
 The
order of almost all (99.9%) nucleotide
bases is exactly the same in all people
Applications of Biotechnology
Technology
Selective Breeding
Recombinant DNA
•in medicine
•In agriculture
Gel Electrophoresis
•DNA Fingerprint
Human Genome
•Gene therapy
Example
Benefit
Complete the following data table to review the benefits of Biotechnology
Applications of Biotechnology
Technology
Selective Breeding
Recombinant DNA
•in medicine
•In agriculture
Gel Electrophoresis
•DNA Fingerprint
Human Genome
•Gene therapy
Example
Benefit
Name
My
pts
Pts Poss.
Tot
“My
Pts”
TPP
7
Ch 12
Reading
Guide
15
156
8
Ch 12
Genetics
Test
40
196
Grade
Goal: Evaluate the importance of plant and animal
breeding to humans.
Place Selective Breeding lab in the
collection folder.
• What is selective breeding?
Today’s Goal:
Describe the effect selective breeding will have
on the human population.
1.
What effect might selective
breeding of plants and animals
have on the size of Earth’s human
population? Why?
2.
Using the corn experiment, explain what
happened to farmers crops after many
years of only choosing the best seeds?
Why would you want to use selective
breeding?
3.
• Using David O Conover’s fish experiment,
compare and contrast the tanks that had
fish getting smaller vs. larger?
• How does this explain selective breeding?
4.
• Selective breeding has many benefits but
is not without problems.
• Create a T-chart of the pros and cons of
selective breeding.
Pro
Con
Summary:
1. Become familiar
2. Model Recombinant DNA
3. Review and give examples of
applications via 13.2 Guided
Notes
Name
My
pts
10 Selective
Breeding
Lab
Pts
Poss.
15
Tot “My
Pts”
TPP
Grade
221
Today’s Goal:
Give examples of applications and benefits
of genetic engineering.
Create the following Data Table
Term
Gene insertion
Plasmid
Restriction Enzyme
Sticky ends
Recombinant DNA
Lab Model
Taping Green and Red together
Green Paper
Scissors
Cut ends on Paper
Red and Green taped together
Relate the steps of producing recombinant DNA
to the activities of the modeling procedure by
explaining how the terms relate to the model
Biology
Homework for week of April 18 - 22
Mon
Model Lab Analysis
Ex. Credit due Weds
Tues
Review Recombinant DNA
Weds
Applying Genetic Technology
Review
Th
Ch. 13 Test
Fri
No School-Good Friday