2nd Nine Weeks Study
Guide Answers
Honors Biology 2009
Standard 3- Photosynthesis
1. What is photosynthesis?
A process used by autotrophs to produce their
own food using the sun’s energy
2. What is cellular respiration?
A process in which mitochondria break down
food molecules/glucose into ATP
3. In photosynthesis, what kind of energy is light energy
converted into?
Chemical energy (glucose)
4. What food molecule is used as an energy source?
glucose
5. What kind of organic compound is
this food molecule?
A carbohydrate
6. What is the main energy trapping
molecule in plants? HINT: It gives
chloroplast its color.
Chlorophyll
7. Energy from sunlight is trapped by
chlorophyll located in what part of the
chloroplast?
Thylakoid membranes
8. What is chlorophyll? A green pigment that traps
light energy
9. What kind of organisms use it to make food:
heterotrophs or autotrophs? Autotrophs
10. What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O + Sunlight = C6H12O6 + 6O2
– What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O + Sunlight
– What are the products?
C6H12O6 + 6O2
11. What is the equation for cellular
respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
– What are the products of respiration?
6H2O, 6CO2, ATP
– What are the reactants of respiration?
C6H12O6, O2
12. What is the relationship between Cellular
Respiration & Photosynthesis?
They are opposites. The products of one are the
reactants of the other.
13. If oxygen is present, how many ATP can be
made from 1 glucose molecule?
36
Standard 8
14. What are the components of a
nucleotide? Sugar, Phosphate & a
Base
15. What is the function of ribosomes
and what are they made of? rRNA &
Protein, Function- Protein Synthesis
16. What is the base-pair rule in DNA?
RNA?
DNA= A-T, C-G
RNA= A-U, C-G
17. Give 3 examples of Mutagens.
Ultraviolent rays, Chemicals, x-rays
18. Where does transcription &
translation take place?
Transcription- Nucleus, Translationcytoplasm (ribosome)
19. Where does mRNA have to take its
strand for protein synthesis to occur?
To the ribosome in the cytoplasm
20. What happens during DNA replication?
(name the enzymes used & tell what
their used for)
Helicase opens the helix, Polymerase
adds the bases, and Ligase stitches it
up.
21. Which process forms mRNA?
Transcription
22. Which sugar is in DNA? RNA?
DNA- Deoxyribose, RNA- Ribose
23. List the three types of RNA and their
function.
mRNA- makes copies of DNA, rRNAsynthesize mRNA, tRNA- translate
amino acid sequence.
24. Who are the fathers of DNA?
What did they discover?
Watson & Crick- Double helix
25. What is the shape of DNA?
Double helix
26. What is the monomer of DNA &
RNA? (What are they made of?)
nucleotides
27. What brings the amino acids to
the mRNA strand?
tRNA
28. What is a combination of 3 bases called?
Codon
29. What is the primary function of DNA?
Storage of genetic material
30. List 3 differences between DNA & RNA.
Shape- DNA is double helix and RNA is a
single strand.
Sugar- DNA has deoxyribose and RNA
has ribose.
Base- RNA doesn’t have thymine, it has
uracil.
31. What is the definition of Transcription of
Translation?
Transcription is making a copy of DNA in RNA
form.
Translation is translating the mRNA into amino
acids and creating proteins.
32. What signals for the end of the protein
strand?
Stop codon or stop signal.
33.What is the start codon?
AUG
34. What is the scientific study of heredity?
Genetics
35. Who is the father of Genetics?
Gregor Mendel
36. What is the genetic trait that appears every
time it is present in a genotype?
Dominant
37. If an individual has two of the same alleles for
a trait, they are _____________. What’s
another name for this?
Homozygous, Purebred
38. If an individual has two different alleles for a
trait, they are _____________. What’s
another name for this?
Heterozygous, Hybrid
39. Tallness (T) is dominant to shortness (t) in
pea plants. What is the genotype of a pea
plant that is heterozygous for tallness?
Tt
40. What are Mendel’s 4 laws?
Rule of Unit Factors
Law of Dominance
Law of Segregation
Law of Independent Assortment
41. What are the three reasons we need mitosis?
Growth, repair, replacement
42. List 3 differences between Mitosis & Meiosis.
–
–
–
Mitosis produces 2 diploid cells, Meiosis produces
4 Haploid cells.
Mitosis is body cells, Meiosis is Sex cells.
Mitosis undergoes one division, Meiosis includes
two divisions.
43. Below are the phases of the Cell cycle.
Label each phase, and tell what happens
in each one.
A
B
C
D
E
A. Telophase- two new nuclei
B. Metaphase- Chromosomes line up in the middle of the
cell.
C. Interphase- No Chromosomes are seen
D. Anaphase- Chromosomes separate and move to
opposite ends of the cell.
E. Prophase- Chromosomes are becoming visible.
44.Match the phases of Meiosis with their
description.
Name of Phase
Description
1. Prophase 1
Homologous chromosomes pair up and form tetrad
2. Anaphase 1
Spindle fibers move homologous chromosomes to
opposite sides
3. Telophase/Cytokinesis 2
Nuclear membrane reforms, cytoplasm divides, 4
daughter cells formed
4. Metaphase 2
Chromosomes line up along equator, not in homologous
pairs
5. Prophase 1
Crossing-over occurs
6. Anaphase 2
Chromatids separate
7. Metaphase 1
Tetrads line up at the equator
8. Telophase/Cytokinesis 1
Cytoplasm divides, 2 daughter cells are formed
45.Answer the following questions about the pedigree.
I
II
•
•
•
•
•
III
How many children did individuals I-1 and I-2 have? SIX
How many girls did II-1 and II-2 have? TWO
How many have the disease ? ONE
How are individuals III-2 and II-4 related? Uncle and Niece
How are I-2 and III-5 related ? Grandmother and Grandson