Longitude and Latitude
Latitude and Longitude
 Grade 4
 Unit includes:
 Compass Rose
 Definitions of latitude and
longitude
 Major lines of latitude
 Hemispheres
 Finding locations using latitude
and longitude
Objectives
 Students will be able to identify lines of latitude on a
map including
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Equator
North Pole
South Pole
Antarctic Circle
Tropic of Cancer
Arctic Circle
Tropic of Capricorn.
 Students will be able to identify lines of longitude on a
map including
 Prime Meridian
Objectives
 Students will be able to locate all four
hemispheres including

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Northern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
Eastern Hemisphere
Western Hemisphere
 Students will be able to identify which line
divides the earth into the correct
hemispheres.
 Students will be able to find locations on
map using longitude and latitude.
Materials
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Compass Rose Worksheet
Globe
World Map
Latitude Worksheet
Longitude Worksheet
Different colors of yarn
Scissors
Matching Note cards
Map of world showing latitude and longitude
Globe Bingo Worksheet
Skittles
Student minds
Activities
 Compass Rose Map Hunt
 Latitude and Longitude Worksheet
 Signing Latitude and Longitude
 Yarning about Latitude and Longitude
 Match Latitude and Longitude
 Major lines of latitude worksheet
 Globe Says…activity about major lines of latitude
 Globe Bingo
Pre-Assessment
 Can you…
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draw and label a compass rose?
identify the Equator and Prime Meridian on a map?
label all the major lines of latitude on a map?
Identify what line of latitude divides the earth into the
Northern and Southern Hemisphere? Can you identify these
hemispheres on a map?
 Identify what line of longitude divides the earth into the
Western and Eastern Hemisphere? Can you identify these
hemispheres on a map?
Compass Rose Map Hunt
 Students will draw and label a compass
rose.
 Students will discuss why a compass
rose is important.
 Students will locate cardinal roses on
various types of maps.
 Students will discuss what a compass
rose is used for and who uses a
compass rose.
Latitude
 Students will be introduced to
latitude and longitude.
 Students will complete the
latitude worksheet.
 Students will trace the
equator in green and the
other lines of latitude in blue.
Signing Latitude
 Latitude:
 “I'm climbing the Ladder of latitudes,
latitudes, latitudes.
I'm climbing the ladder of latitudes, all
around the world.”
Longitude
 Students will be
introduced to longitude by
looking at the globe.
 Students will complete the
lines of longitude
worksheet.
 Students will trace the
Prime Meridian in orange
and the other lines of
longitude in yellow.
Signing Longitude
 Longitude:
 “It's a LONG, LONG way from
pole to pole, pole to pole,
pole to pole
It's a LONG, LONG way from
pole to pole, so we call those
LONGITUDES.”
“Yarning about Latitude and
Longitude”
 Students will participate in making a globe
 Four students will be in North, South, East, and West
positions
 Different colors of yarn will make

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Lines of latitude
Lines of longitude
Equator
Prime Meridian
North Pole
South Pole
Match Longitude and Latitude
Indiana, Michigan,
Pennsylvania,
West Virginia,
Kentucky
Another name for
lines of longitude
Meridians
States that border
Ohio
Direction that
meridians run
North and South
The four cardinal
directions
Direction that
parallels run
East and West
South Pole
90 S
Another name for
lines of latitude
Parallels
North Pole
90 N
Equator
Equator divides Earth
into
Northern Hemisphere
and Southern
Hemisphere
Prime Meridian
Prime Meridian divides
Earth into
Eastern Hemisphere
and Western
Hemisphere
Major line of
latitude at 0
Major line of
longitude at 0
North, East,
South, West
Major lines of Latitude
 Students will do the Major lines
of latitude worksheet.
 Students will locate the major
lines of latitude on the map.
 Students will identify the latitude
degree of each major line of
latitude.
Major lines of latitude
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North Pole
Arctic Circle
Tropic of Cancer
Equator
Tropic of Capricorn
Antarctic Circle
South Pole
Globe Says…

Students will complete the worksheet on the
major lines of latitude
 North Pole
 Arctic Circle
 Tropic of Cancer
 Equator
 Tropic of Capricorn
 Antarctic Circle
 South Pole
Globe Says
 After learning the major lines of latitude
students will perform Globe says….
 Body parts represent the major lines of latitude
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Top of head – North Pole
Ears – Arctic Circle
Shoulders – Tropic of Cancer
Waist – Equator
Knees – Tropic of Capricorn
Shins – Antarctic Circle
Toes – South Pole
Globe Bingo
 To review, students will be
given a Blank Globe Bingo
Worksheet.
 Students will fill in the sheet
before the next day’s class.
Globe Bingo
G
L
O
B
E
Word List
Equator
Prime Meridian
North Pole
South Pole
Meridians
Parallels
East and West
Cardinal Rose
Tropic of Cancer
Antarctic Circle
North and South
East
Arctic Circle
Tropic of Capricorn
Northern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
Assessment
 Students should be able to:
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Draw and label a Compass Rose
Identify the major lines of latitude and longitude on a map
Correctly label all four Hemispheres on a map
Find locations on a map using
latitude and longitude
Websites for Students
 Social Studies for Kids: Basic Geography
http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/geography/la
titudelongitude.htm
 BoatSafeKids: How are flat charts and maps made of our
round planet?
http://www.boatsafe.com/kids/mercator.htm
 Interactive Latitude and Longitude
http://www.geovista.psu.edu/grants/MapStatsKids/MSK_p
ortal/concepts_latlg.html
 Map Stats for Kids
http://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/books/applications/i
maps/maps/g3_u6/index.html
Websites for Teachers
 Geography Classroom Game
http://geography.about.com/od/teachgeography/a/classlatitude.
htm
 Great Teaching Tools
http://www.classbrain.com/artteach/publish/article_108.shtml
 Latitude and Longitude
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/activities/01/pop
up/lat_long.html
 Yarning about Latitude and Longitude
http://www.education-world.com/a_tsl/archives/021/lesson043.shtml
Typical Graph
This is an example of a
typical graph we are
all familiar with.
The graph is made up
of different “points”
with lines that
connect
the points.
Y axis
Each point has two
Typical Graph
values:
The “X” value that
runs along the
horizontal “X”
axis
The “Y” value that
runs along the
vertical “Y” axis
X axis
Y
(0,0)
(3,8)
X value is always
Typical Graph
stated first
Followed by the Y
(9,5)
value
The “origin” is the
point where
the 2 axes
intersect with a
X
value of (0,0)
(-X,+Y)
(-X,-Y)
A point can also
Typical Graph
have negative
(-) values
Y
Negative X values
are to the left
(+X,+Y)
of the origin (0,0)
(0,0)
X Negative Y values
are below the
(+X,-Y)
origin
East West, North South on The
Earth
Y
 Let the X axis be the
Equator.
 Let the Y axis be the
Prime Meridian
that runs through
X
Greenwich outside
of London.
 Lat/Long are the 2 grid
points by
which you can locate
any point on
earth.
East West, North South on the Earth
Let each of the
N
four quarters
then be
designated by
W
E
North or South
and East or
S
West.
East West, North South on the
Earth
(N, W)
(S, W)
(N, E)
(S, E)
The N tells us we’re
north of the Equator.
The S tells us we’re
south of the Equator.
The E tells us that
we’re east of the
Prime Meridian. The
W tells us that we’re
west of the Prime
Meridian.
East West, North South on the
Earth
(N, W)
Prime Meridian
That means all points
in North
America will have a
North latitude and a
West longitude
because it is North of
the Equator and West
of the Prime
Meridian.
East West, North South on the
Earth
Prime Meridian
What would be
the latitude and
longitude
directions in
Australia?
If you said South and East , you’re right!
90°N
Y
90°S
 Latitude is the distance
What is Latitude?
from the
equator along the Y
axis.
 All points along the
equator have a value of
0 degrees latitude.
X
 North pole = 90°N
 South pole = 90°S
 Values are expressed in
terms of degrees.
What is Latitude?
90°N
Y
X
90°S
Each degree of
latitude is
divided into
60 minutes.
Each minute is
divided into 60
seconds.
This is also true of
What is Latitude?
90°N
Y
X
90°S
For Example:
37°, 02’,51’’N
This is close to
the latitude
where you live.
What is Longitude?
Y
180°W
 Longitude is the
distance from the prime
meridian along the X
axis.
 All points along the
prime meridian have a
X
value of 0 degrees
longitude.
 The earth is divided into
two parts, or
hemispheres, of east
180°E
and west longitude.
What is Longitude?
Y
X
180°W
180°E
The earth is
divided into 360
equal slices
(meridians)
180 west and 180
east of the prime
meridian
What is Latitude?
90°N
Y
X
90°S
Our latitude and
longitude might
be:
37°, 03’,13’’N
76°, 29’, 45’’W
The
origin
point
So Where is (0,0)?
(0,0) is where
the equator
intersects the
prime meridian.
(0,0) is off the
western coast of
Africa in the
Atlantic Ocean.
See If You Can Tell In Which Quarter
These Lon/Lats Are Located
A
B
C
D
 1. 41°N, 21°E
 2. 37°N, 76°W
 3. 72°S, 141°W
 4. 7°S, 23°W
 5. 15°N, 29°E
 6. 34°S, 151°E
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. C
5. B
6. D
See if you can find
those same
latitude/longitude
locations on a
map!
Positioning on the Earth’s Surface
East is the direction of
rotation of the Earth
North Pole
Latitude: (90oN to 90oS)
Longitude: (180oE to 180oW)
Prime Meridian
0o Longitude
Tropic of Cancer
21st June
22nd Sept
20th March
Equator
22nd December
Tropic of Capricorn
Longitude 90o West
Longitude 60o West
Longitude 30o West
Latitude 23½o North
oE
90
60o90
30
30
60
90
Wo
o
66½23½
o
900
23½o
Latitude 0o
Latitude 23½o South
Longitude 90oEast
Longitude 60o East
Longitude 30o East
South Pole
Latitude and Longitude together enable the fixing of position on the Earth’s surface.
Now you’re ready to find
some locations on a map!
TIME ZONES
Math and Geography
in Action
Earth’s Seasons
Why so many Time Zones?
1 revolution of Earth = 365.25 days
6 hours x 4 years = Leap year
& we catch up
1 rotation of Earth = 24 hours
Circle = 360°
North
Pole
360° /24 = 15° = 1 hour
Earth rotates 15° each hour
At the equator Earth ≈ 24,900 miles
= 1037.5 miles in an hour
15°
Likened to a Number Line
SUBTRACT an hour
for each time zone
as you move WEST
-
ADD and hour
for each time zone
as you move EAST
0
+
Your place
of origin
World Time Zones
Non- Standard Time
The deviation of time
keeping from the
standard time zone in
which a place is
geographically located.
The usual deviation occurs
in quarter hour
increments, i.e. 15
minutes, 30 minutes, or
45 minutes.
 Areas of the world on nonstandard time
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2 South Pacific islands
India
Afghanistan
Nepal
Iran
Sri Lanka
Newfoundland
Central Australia
Myanmar (Burma)
True or False
USING WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED
True or False:
If EVERY part of the statement is TRUE, write T.
If ANY part of the statement is FALSE, write F.
1. The earth makes one complete rotation every 24 hours.
2. For every 15° of longitude, there is a difference of one hour in time.
3. Time zones always have straight boundaries.
4. It is 12 noon everywhere on the earth at the same time.
5. The letters a.m. stand for the 12 hours before 12 noon.
6. Post meridiem means the 12 hours after 12 noon.
7. The line of longitude at 180° is called the Prime Meridian.
8. When you travel across the International Date Line you stay in the same day.
9. When you cross the Prime Meridian, you stay in the same day.
10. It takes one hour for the earth to rotate 15°.
Time it! Practice
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
In what areas of the world do you find non-standard time?
You are in New York and you want to call someone in Rome, Italy, at noon Rome time.
When would you call?
Assume that flying from New York to London requires 6 hours. When would a flight
leaving New York on a Wednesday at 6:00 p.m. arrive in London?
You are flying from Los Angeles to Moscow. You leave Los Angeles at 10:00 a.m. on
Saturday and you arrive in Moscow on Sunday at 9:00 a.m. How many hours did you
actually spend flying?
You are planning a flight from Bombay, India, to Washington, D.C., that must connect
through several cities. You will leave Bombay on August 2, at 8:00 A.M., and will
continue directly through Beijing and Los Angeles to Washington, D.C. What time is it
in Washington, D.C., when you begin your trip? What will be the date when you arrive
in Washington, D.C.?
If it is 3:00 p.m. in Greenwich, what time is it in Moscow?
If it is 9:00 A.M. in Cape Town, what time is it in Washington, D.C.?
If it is Tuesday, 4:30 p.m. in Japan, what day and time is it in Honolulu?
If it is Friday, 8:15 A.M. in Rio de Janeiro what day and time is it in Beijing?
Latitude and Longitude
Lines of
longitude only
Equator
added
Other lines of
latitude added
Cross-section
through line of
longitude
Crosssection
s
throug
h lines
of
Orange cut
through
lines of
longitude
Orange cut through lines of
latitude
Draw a map
of this world.
There are 4
countries:
Red, Light
Green, Dark
Green and
Purple.
Latitude and Longitude
Latitude lines run east/west but they measure north or
south of the equator (0°) splitting the earth into the
Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere.
Latitude
North Pole
90
80
Lines of
latitude are
numbered
from 0° at the
equator to 90°
N.L. at the
North Pole.
70
60
[
50
40
30
20
10
]
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
South Pole
Lines of
latitude are
numbered
from 0° at
the equator
to 90° S.L. at
the South
Pole.
Latitude
The North Pole
is at 90° N
The equator is
at 0° latitude.
It is neither
north nor
south. It is at
the center
between
north and
south.
40° N is the 40°
line of latitude
north of the
equator.
The South Pole
is at 90° S
40° S is the 40°
line of latitude
south of the
equator.
Longitude
Lines of longitude begin
at the Prime Meridian.
60° W is the
60° line of
longitude west
of the Prime
W
Meridian.
60° E is the
60° line of
longitude
east of the
E Prime
Meridian.
The Prime Meridian is located at 0°. It is neither east or
west
180
°
East Longitude
West Longitude
North Pole
Longitude
N
W
PRIME MERIDIAN
S
Lines of longitude are numbered east from the Prime
Meridian to the 180° line and west from the Prime
Meridian to the 180° line.
E
Prime Meridian
The Prime Meridian (0°) and the 180° line split the earth
into the Western Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere.
Prime Meridian
Western
Hemisphere
Eastern
Hemisphere
Places located east of the Prime Meridian have an east
longitude (E) address. Places located west of the Prime
Meridian have a west longitude (W) address.
INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE
180°
 SEPARATES 2 CALENDAR DAYS.
America to Asia – gain a day
Asia to America – lose a day
By combining latitude and longitude,
any location can be pinpointed
A location’s coordinates
(____° N or S, ____ ° E or W)
Application
N
W
E
S
North America is in the Northern Hemisphere because it is
north of the Equator. North America is in the Western
Hemisphere because it is west of the Prime Meridian.
Fractions of a Degree
 1 degree = 60 minutes or 1 minute is 1/60th of a degree
 Use minutes if location is not directly on the latitude/longitude line
 Written ----- Degree/minute = XX° xx’ compass direction
30’ is half-way
between
degrees
LONGITUDE AND TIME
 The world rotates (spins) 360° in 24 hours.
360° / 24 hours = 15° per hour
 The world has 24 time zones, each l5° apart.
THERE IS A 1 HOUR TIME
DIFFERENCE FOR EVERY 15° OF
LONGITUDE
Greenwich, England is the logical
starting point for time zones
 The world rotates west to east (counterclockwise), time
zones to the east are ahead of the those time zones to the
west
ANOTHER CHEESY SAYING
EAST INCREASE
Time is forward to all places to the east
WEST LESS
Time is backward to all places to the west
East Increase – West Less
(1 hr per l5°)
If it 9 p.m. at Position D, what time is it at position
C? Position B?
If it is 1 p.m. at Position X, at which location is the
Earth rotates west to east
Solar time is based on the position of
the sun
NIGHT IS FALLING ON EARTH
Look at the East Coast of the
United States. The lights are
already lit.
California the sun is still visible.
This pictures shows
AMERICAN CITIES at
night.
Saguenay
Thunder Bay
Toronto
Sept-Iles
St.John
Ottawa
It’s still daylight
in California
Québec
Montréal
Detroit
Those light are Boston, New
York, Philadelphia and
Washington.
Dallas
Puerto Rico
Houston
Mexico
City
Miami
Havana
Port-au-Prince
NIGHT IS FALLING ON EARTH.
Look at Paris and Barcelona, the lights are
already lit, meanwhile in London, Lisbon and
Madrid the sun is still visible.
Looking south, we can see the islands in the
middle of the ocean.
We have a perfect view of the British Islands,
Iceland and Canada.