APUSH – October, 4th
• Objectives:
– To demonstrate your understanding of the two readings
– To apply your previous knowledge of colonial America to your
readings
– To re-familiarize yourself with religion in the colonies
• Homework:
–
–
–
–
Essay 1 due tonight by 11:59pm
Study for the unit 1 exam (Wed)
Notebook check – Wed
DHL chapters 2 and 3 - Friday
APUSH – October, 4th
• Agenda:
– Reading quiz
– Group discussion on readings
– Religion in the colonies review
Reading Quiz
• Franklin names 13 virtues: list three of
them for me.
• Franklin devised a system for developing
these virtues. Describe, in general terms,
what he did to help himself learn these
virtues.
• In the Beginning of his epistle Crevecoeur
compares people to what?
• He goes on to describe America as a
what?
Ben Franklin
• Are humans perfectible?
• Would this system work? Would you use it, if it
•
•
•
•
did?
Look at Franklin's list of moral virtues: are some
of these virtues questionable? Are any missing?
How does this approach compare to Puritan
ideals?
How might it change America's view of humans,
given enough time to develop?
Do we believe Franklin when he says he had
accomplished all of them but Order?
Crevecoeur
• He talks about a "metamorphosis"
undergone by the people who came to
America...is this accurate?
• Towards the end of this selection,
Crevecoeur says "this is an American"--is
his description accurate?
1620:
Pilgrims
arrive at
Plymouth
1601
1649:
Maryland
Toleration
Act
169093:
Salem
witch
trials
1656: Quakers
arrive in
Pennsylvania
1700
1650
Century to come:
Great Awakening
CHARACTERISTICS OF
RELIGION in the Colonies
• Motives
• Colonial religion part
of the continuing
debate dating from
the Reformation
• Puritanism
• church and state
• Overwhelmingly
Protestant
Continuing debate from
Reformation
• Issues: role of ministers,
number of sacraments,
organization of the
church, liturgical service,
hierarchy, Presbyterians,
Congregationalists,
Quakers, antinomianism,
Arminianism
• Changes in England:
Bishop Laud, Charles I,
39 Articles, Civil War,
Levellers, Puritan
Commonwealth, Test Act
(1673), Toleration Act
(1689), Glorious
Revolution
Influence of Puritanism
• Source of significant
ideas:
– education for Bible Reading
– founding of Harvard to
educate ministers
– higher law & moral codes
• Covenant theology:
– boost to the idea of a
covenant between
government and the
governed
• “city on a hill” – an
example of a sense of
mission
Freedom from religious persecution,
not religious freedom
• Established churches
in 9 colonies (tax
supported)
– Anglican: NY, Md, Va,
NC, SC, Ga
– Congregational:
Mass., Conn, NH
– Quakers: Pa
• Pennsylvania: 1682:
•
Quakers: Wm. Penn
Rhode Island: Roger
Williams
– Exile
– Relations with tribes
• Maryland: Lord Baltimore:
•
•
•
Catholic
SC and NJ experiments
French Huguenots
Catholic Spain and France
Union of Church & State: Backlash
• Fear of tyranny
– church and state
– SPG (Society for the
Propagation of the
Gospel in Foreign
Parts) seen as a
conspiracy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Dyer
• Examples:
– Roger Williams
– Anne Hutchinson
– Mary Dyer – Quaker
People
• Mary Dyer
Roger Williams
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Roger_Williams_and_Narragansetts.jpg
Anne
Hutchinson
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons
/b/b8/Anne_Hutchinson_on_Trial.jpg
America Overwhelmingly Protestant
• 1775:
– 3142 church buildings
– only 56 Catholic, 5
Jewish
– More than 98%
Protestant (USA now
more than 20%
Catholic, 3% Jewish)
• Called the “Penal
Period” by Catholic
historians
– All colonies had antiCatholic laws at one
time
CHANGES during the Colonial
Period
• Multitude of religions
• Calvinism influential
• Energized by Great
•
•
Awakening
Many unchurched
Religions contributed
to rise of political
liberty
• 4 largest:
–
–
–
–
Congregational – 21%
Presbyterian – 19%
Anglican – 16%
Baptist – 16%
Influence of Calvin
• Emphasis on evangelical
•
•
Calvinism:
Emphasis on the
individual’s direct
relationship with God
rather than the church’s
corporate one
Emphasis on emotion,
not doctrine
Influence of Great Awakening
1730s-40s
• Reinvigorated Calvinistic
•
•
influence
Missionaries to Westerners
and Indians
In-Fighting
– Old Lights vs. New Lights
• Colleges established to
train ministers
–
–
–
–
–
Princeton
King’s College – Columbia
RI College – Brown
Queens College – Rutgers
-Dartmouth College
Jonathan Edwards and George
Whitefield
Many unchurched or Deists
• Many never attended
– 1776: Philadelphia
– Few churches or
missionaries in
backwoods areas
– Deism
• Religion or philosophy that
sees God reflected in
nature and known through
reason and personal
reflection, or unknowable
• Generally rejects
supernatural events or
divine interference in
human life
• Generally rejects organized
religion
Contribution to Political Liberty:
• James I: “No bishop, no
king” – attack on the
church was attack on the
crown
• Concept of natural laws,
•
natural rights fed by
deism
Weak church organization
and control spurred
individualism (Calvin’s
emphasis on individual)
• Disestablishment came
only because it proved
too difficult to establish a
single church: they tried!
• Separation of church and
state
– Religious freedom was not
the original desire
– For example: Maryland act
of toleration
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:GROWTH1850.JPG
Colonial Maps
• Maryland: Catholic (1649:
•
•
•
•
•
Toleration Act)
Massachusetts Bay: Puritan
Pennsylvania: tolerant
Plymouth: Puritan
Rhode Island: tolerant
Virginia: Church of England
• Spanish Florida: Catholic
• New France (lower
•
http://www.fasttrackteaching.com/T_M06_ColAmerCP300g15.gif
Canada): Catholic
(later) Upper Canada:
Church of England
Resources used:
•
•
•
•
•
Becker, Bruce, notes.
Brewer, Jaques, Jones, and King. “Religion in Colonial America.”
http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/allam/16071783/religion.htm, viewed Sept. 21, 2007
“Religion and the Founding of the American Republic”, Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/,
viewed 21 Sept 07
“Gilbert Tennent”, http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0848163.html
http://www.quaker.org/wmpenn.html
People
• Antinomianism
Roger Williams
– Belief that “child of God”
need not be restrained by
civil or other law
• Exiled from Plymouth
• Death at hands of Indians
was taken to be divine
retribution
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Roger_Williams_and_Narragansetts.jpg
Anne
Hutchinson
•
•
•
•
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons
/b/b8/Anne_Hutchinson_on_Trial.jpg
Kicked out of Mass. Bay
Founded RI
Religious Freedom
Treatment of Native
Americans
Jonathan Edwards and George
Whitefield
• “Sinners in the Hands of
•
•
an Angry God”
Preached during “Great
Awakening”
Foe of the “halfway
covenant”
• Methodist Preacher
• Revivalist