HOMEOSTASIS TEST
REVIEW
MRS. TOKMAJIAN
WHAT IS HOMEOSTASIS?
WHAT IS HOMEOSTASIS?
• Homeostasis is a state of balance or equilibrium.
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF MITOSIS?
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF MITOSIS?
• The purpose of mitosis is to repair damaged body
cells, or to make new cells (growth).
• Example: growing from childhood, or healing a
wound.
HOW MANY CELLS DOES MITOSIS
START AND END WITH?
HOW MANY CELLS DOES MITOSIS
START AND END WITH?
• Starts with one, ends with 2 (daughter cell)
HOW DOES THE ORIGINAL CELL
COMPARE TO THE CELLS AT THE END
OF MITOSIS?
HOW DOES THE ORIGINAL CELL
COMPARE TO THE CELLS AT THE END
OF MITOSIS?
• They are exact copies of each other. Same DNA.
HOW DOES THE NUMBER OF
CHROMOSOMES IN THE PARENT CELL
COMPARE TO THE NUMBER OF
CHROMOSOMES IN THE DAUGHTER
CELLS?
• All human body cells have 46 chromosomes in
them, so if the mother cell has 46, each cell made
through mitosis will have 46.
WHAT HAPPENS DURING PROPHASE?
WHAT HAPPENS DURING PROPHASE?
• During prophase, the nuclear membrane starts to
disappear and the chromosomes thicken and
condense.
WHAT HAPPENS DURING METAPHASE?
WHAT HAPPENS DURING METAPHASE?
• During metaphase the chromosomes are lined up in
the middle of the cell.
WHAT HAPPENS DURING ANAPHASE?
WHAT HAPPENS DURING ANAPHASE?
• During anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled
apart and the chromatids are being pulled to
opposite ends of the cell.
WHAT HAPPENS DURING TELOPHASE?
WHAT HAPPENS DURING TELOPHASE?
• During telophase, the chromosomes are at opposite
ends of the cell, the nuclear membrane is
reforming.
WHAT HAPPENS DURING
CYTOKINESIS?
WHAT HAPPENS DURING
CYTOKINESIS?
• the cell pinches or cleave (animal cells) and form a
cell plate (plant cells) to divide the cytoplasm.
WHAT HAPPENS DURING G1 OF
INTERPHASE?
WHAT HAPPENS DURING G1 OF
INTERPHASE?
• During Gap One the cell grows and makes proteins.
WHAT HAPPENS DURING S PHASE OF
INTERPHASE?
WHAT HAPPENS DURING S PHASE OF
INTERPHASE?
• During the S phase, DNA from the original cell is
copied so that there are now 2 copies.
WHAT HAPPENS DURING G2 OF
INTERPHASE?
WHAT HAPPENS DURING G2 OF
INTERPHASE?
• During Gap 2 the cell continues to grow, make
more organelles, and goes through a final
checkpoint before mitosis.
B CELL
B CELL
• Makes antibodies to flow through the blood and
deactivate the free floating virus.
HELPER T CELL
HELPER T CELL
• Reads the antigen from the macrophage and
wakes up the Killer T and B cells in the lymph nodes.
KILLER T CELL
KILLER T CELL
• Kills all cells infected with the virus.
MACROPHAGE
MACROPHAGE
• A larger phagocyte that displays the viral antigen
on its surface and helps fight the pathogen
invasion.
MEMORY CELL
MEMORY CELL
• A special lymphocyte that holds on to the antigen
code for many years so that if exposed again, a
quicker defense can be called to fight off the
pathogen.
PHAGOCYTE
PHAGOCYTE
• The first line of defense, attacks the pathogen first.
SUPPRESSOR T CELL
SUPPRESSOR T CELL
• Calls off the pathogen war by stopping B cells and
Killer T cells when the virus has been killed off.
HOW CAN YOU DEVELOP IMMUNITY
TO A PARTICULAR MICROBE? (2 WAYS)
HOW CAN YOU DEVELOP IMMUNITY
TO A PARTICULAR MICROBE? (2 WAYS)
• Vaccine
• Exposed to the virus before
WHAT HAPPENED IN THE HOSPITAL
TRIAGE ACTIVITY? WHO WAS TO BE
TREATED FIRST?
WHAT HAPPENED IN THE HOSPITAL
TRIAGE ACTIVITY? WHO WAS TO BE
TREATED FIRST?
• We assessed 7 patients vital signs to determine
which patient was most critical and had to be
treated first.
• Monique was to be treated first because she had
the most critical vital signs out of all the patients.
WHAT HAPPENED IN THE LIVER LAB
WHEN YOU ADDED ACID TO WATER
AND LIVER?
WHAT HAPPENED IN THE LIVER LAB
WHEN YOU ADDED ACID TO WATER
AND LIVER?
• Acid + Water= very low drop in ph to become a
very strong acid (no buffers)
• Acid + Liver = hardly any movement in ph due to
the presence of buffers which control the proper ph
in cells.
WHAT HAPPENED IN THE LIVER LAB
WHEN YOU ADDED BASE TO WATER
AND LIVER?
WHAT HAPPENED IN THE LIVER LAB
WHEN YOU ADDED BASE TO WATER
AND LIVER?
• Base + Water = very high rise in ph to make a
stronger base due to the lack of buffers.
• Base + Liver = hardly and rise in ph due to the
presence of buffers which maintain the proper ph in
cells.
WHY DID THE PH CHANGE MORE IN
THE WATER THAN IT DID IN THE
LIVER?
WHY DID THE PH CHANGE MORE IN
THE WATER THAN IT DID IN THE
LIVER?
• The water is inorganic or non-living therefore it did
not contain buffers to help regulate the ph.
IN DIAGNOSIS: A PUZZLE, HOW DID
YOU FIGURE OUT WHAT YOUR PATIENT
WAS EXPOSED TO?
IN DIAGNOSIS: A PUZZLE, HOW DID
YOU FIGURE OUT WHAT YOUR PATIENT
WAS EXPOSED TO?
• I used their symptoms and past history to help me
determine if it was a bacterial infection or a viral
infection. Ex: did they have a Rubella vaccine, how
long were they sick, did they take an antibiotic.
HOW ARE TREATMENTS FOR VIRUSES
AND BACTERIA DIFFERENT?
HOW ARE TREATMENTS FOR VIRUSES
AND BACTERIA DIFFERENT?
• Antibiotics only treat bacterial infections!!!!!
WHY DID YOUR HEART BEAT FASTER IN
THE HEART RATE LAB?
WHY DID YOUR HEART BEAT FASTER IN
THE HEART RATE LAB?
• My heart beat faster because my exercise level
increased, and as my exercise level increased my
heart needed to get blood and oxygen around my
body faster so my heart needs to beat faster to
maintain homeostasis around my body.