APUSH Content Review #1
Unit 1 (Colonies)
Unit 2 (American RevolutionConstitution)
Colonial History
Review
Jamestown survived as the first permanent
British settlement in America because of
1. the emergence of tobacco as a
cash crop
2. the mild climate of Virginia
3. its use of Indian slaves as a labor
force
4. the religious convictions of its first
settlers
The Pilgrims were also known as
Separatists because they:
1. wanted to separate Plymouth from the
Massachusetts Bay colony
2. believed in the complete separation of
church and state
3. broke all ties with the Church of England
4. tried to isolate the Native Americans
from white settlers
In founding the colony of Georgia, James
Oglethorpe's primary purpose was to
1. provide a refuge for persecuted
English Quakers
2. gain a base for launching English
expeditions against Spanish Florida
3. provide a refuge for persecuted
Christians from all parts of Europe
4. provide a refuge for English debtors
The Mayflower Compact could best be
described as
1. a detailed frame of government
2. a complete constitution
3. a foundation for self-government
4. an list of the causes for leaving
England and coming to America
What was a proprietary colony?
1. a colony like Virginia that was run
like a business
2. a colony like Pennsylvania that was
sponsored by a religious group
3. a colony like Massachusetts that
was forced to acknowledge the king
4. a colony like New Jersey that was
run as a privately owned estate
In the 17c, the Great Migration refers to the
1. settlement of the Puritans in
Massachusetts and other colonies
2. immigration of Irish to the colonies
3. expansion of white settlement
across the Appalachian Mountains
4. trade in slaves between West Africa
and the West Indies
The Virginia House of Burgesses and the New
England town meetings were similar in that they
1. originated in a New England colony
2. were completely independent of
colonial governors
3. were both responsible to the
established church of the colony
4. represented colonial participation in
government
In the early 1600s, migrants to New England
differed from those in the Chesapeake because
1. New England settlement was
sponsored by individual proprietors
2. New Englanders immigrated in
family groups
3. in the harsher climate of New
England led to higher death tolls
4. New England immigrants tended to
be motivated by a desire for wealth
The headright system adopted in Virginia
1. determined the eligibility of a settler
for voting and holding office
2. toughened the laws applying to
indentured servants
3. prohibited the settlement of single
men and women in the colony
4. gave 50 acres to anyone who would
transport an indentured servant to
the colony
Which of the following was NOT involved
in the colonial Triangular Trade network?
1. rum
2. slaves
3. cotton
4. tobacco
1.
2.
3.
4.
The theory of mercantilism would be
consistent with which statements?:
economies prosper most when trade
is restricted as little as possible
colonies are of little economic
importance to the mother country
it is vital that a country imports more
than it exports
a government should direct the
economy so as to maximize exports
The long-range purpose of the Albany
Congress in 1754 was to
1. achieve colonial unity and common
defense against the French threat
2. propose independence of the
colonies from Britain
3. declare war on the Iroquois nation
4. prohibit New England and New York
from trading with the West Indies
1.
2.
3.
4.
Prior to 1763, the British policy of
"salutary neglect“:
allowed royal colonies to elect their
own governors
did not enforce the Navigation Acts
encouraged colonists to establish
their own parliament
withdrew British soldiers from North
America
Bacon's Rebellion was supported mainly by
1. the planter class of Virginia
2. young men frustrated by their
inability to acquire land
3. those protesting the increased
importation of African slaves
4. people from Jamestown only
1.
2.
3.
4.
What did the Great Awakening and
inter-colonial trade have in common
they created disdain for England
they contributed to a growing sense
of shared American identity
they created a rebellious spirit in
America
they helped create imperial rivalry
between England and France
Voyages of European Exploration
Spanish
French
English
Individually Directed:
State Directed:
 Religious tolerance;
 Find NW passage to Asia
Religious purity
 Establish wealth (fur trade)
 Establish wealth (cash
 Expand the French Empire
crops); Avoid poverty
 Escape turmoil or jail
Central America, South
Canada, New Orleans, Haiti,
Eastern coast of North America
America, present-day Mexico, northern Mississippi River
along Atlantic Ocean, Hudson
Florida, SW North America
region
Bay, & the Caribbean
“Frontier of exclusion”
Some trade; mostly conquest:
Clash with Eastern Woodlands
 Taino, Aztecs, Incas,
Significant trade partners with Indians (Powhattan)
SE & SW Indians
Assisted whites:
Eastern Woodlands Indians
Disease spread
 Squanto in NE
Intermarriage
 Pocahontas in Jamestown
Chesapeake:
 Native slave labor
 Settlers did the work of
 Yeoman farmers
 African slave labor in South
hunting for pelts (coureur
 Indentured Servitude
America & Caribbean
des bois)
 African Slavery
Islands
 Slave labor used in Haiti
New England:
 Encomienda (Plantations)
 Families/Yeoman
State Directed:
 Find W route to Asia
Purpose of Colonies/
 Wealth (gold & silver)
Exploration
 Religious conversion
 Expand the Spanish Empire
Geographic Region
Colonized/ Explored
Contacts &
Interactions with
Native Americans
Labor Systems
Loose or Strict
Control by Mother
Country
Strict control
Gained great wealth from
Degree of “Success”
exploration, but failed to
of Colonization/
establish lasting colonies
Exploration
(which was never the goal)
Strict control
Loose control
(Salutary Neglect)
Gained some wealth from
Canada but never control a
continuous colony down the
Mississippi river; New Orleans
excellent trade port
Some wealth from tobacco
plantations; Success lies in
permanence of colonies in
America
Voyages of European Exploration
Chesapeake
New England
 North Carolina
 South Carolina
 Georgia
 Religious
communities for
persecuted Pilgrims
& Puritans
 Holy Experiment,
Quakers
 Proprietary (PA,
NY)
 Buffer between
Spain & English
colonies (GA)
 Gain wealth
 Tobacco
 Lots of yeoman
farmers, Indentured
servants, & slaves
 Fishing, rum, ships
 Yeoman farming
villages with few
slaves or servants
 Intermediary
shipping
 Grain production
 Yeoman farmers
 Plantations (rice,
indigo)
 Lots of yeomen
servants, & slaves
Religion
 Mostly Anglican
settlers
 Catholics (MD)
 Puritans (Mass
Bay)
 Pilgrims (Plymouth)
 Great diversity of
religions
 Quakers (NJ, PA)
 Mostly Anglican
settlers
Society
 Short life
expectancy
 Individualistic
 Few women
 House of Burgesses





 Very diverse
 “Holy Experiment”
(PA) failed
 Royal governors
 Diverse society
 Barbados Slave
Code
 Royal governors
• John Smith
• John Rolfe
• Bacon & Berkeley
 John Winthrop
 Roger Williams &
Anne Hutchinson
 William Penn
 James of York
 James Oglethorpe
(GA)
 Headright system
 Young single males
 African slaves
 Great Puritan
Migration
 Families
 Diverse: Recruited
from England,
Ireland, Germany
 English settlers
 African slaves
 Imprisoned debtors
Initial
Purpose
Economies
& Labor
Systems
Important
People
Immigration
Patterns





 Joint-Stock Co to
gain wealth for
settlers & investors
Plymouth
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Others
Congregationalist
Self-sacrificed
Families & schools
Grandparents
Town hall meetings




Southern
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Delaware
Identify the
Colonies
 Virginia (Jamestown)
 Maryland
Middle
North
America
“Parliamentary Sovereignty” ?after
1763
“Salutary Neglect” ?
“Virtual Representation” ?
America in 1750
America in 1763
American Revolution
Review
Which was NOT a result of the French and
Indian War (Seven Years' War)?
1. France lost Canada
2. England incurred high war costs
3. England gained Louisiana
4. England made a decision to
reinvigorate the mercantile system
According to the Proclamation of 1763
1. colonial militiamen were required
to put down Pontiac's Rebellion
2. contact between colonials and
Indians was strictly forbidden
3. settlers were prohibited from
crossing the Appalachians
4. speculators could purchase land
from trans-Appalachian tribes
England passed the Stamp Act in 1765 to
1. punish Americans for protests to
the Sugar Act
2. raise money to reduce England's
national debt
3. allow for illegal search-andseizure of smugglers
4. allow Americans to settle the
Ohio River Valley
Thomas Paine's Common Sense:
1. urged Americans to declare their
independence
2. was a call for the abolition of slavery
3. insisted that colonists be allowed to
elect representatives to Parliament
4. criticized the weaknesses of the
Articles of Confederation
The most important consequence of the
Boston Tea Party was the
1. repeal of the tax on tea
2. failure of other colonies to support
Boston's action
3. opening of negotiations between
Britain and Massachusetts
4. enactment by Parliament of the
Coercive (Intolerable) Acts
The British response to the American claim
of “no taxation without representation” was
1. colonial assemblies would be
permitted to vote on all new taxes
2. taxes were used for internal
improvements in the colonies
3. members of Parliament represented
the interests of all British citizens
4. Parliament ended the majority of its
taxes on the colonies
During the 1760s and 1770s the most
effective tactic in gaining the repeal of the
Stamp and Townshend Acts was
1. tarring & feathering British tax agents
2. sending petitions to the king and
Parliament
3. boycotting British goods
4. destroying private property, such as
tea, on which a tax to be levied
Which of the following contributed most to
the American victory in the Revolution?
1. French military and financial
assistance after Saratoga
2. the failure of Loyalists to participate
in military action
3. a major American military victory at
Valley Forge
4. the British failure to capture
Philadelphia
What was the role of African-Americans in
the American Revolution?
1. as the war dragged on, southern
blacks were welcomed to enlist
2. Americans generally avoided arming
blacks, but the British recruited slaves
3. though slaves, they rallied around the
revolutionary ideas of freedom
4. Many slaves escaped and were
welcomed in the North and Canada
Britain enjoyed all of the following
advantages in the Revolution EXCEPT
1. the greatest navy and bestequipped army in the world
2. superior industrial resources
3. greater commitment to the conflict
4. a coherent structure of command
1.
2.
3.
4.
The Treaty of Paris in 1783 stipulated
all of the following EXCEPT:
British recognition of American
independence
boundaries of the USA to the
Mississippi River
Americans allow British collection of
prewar debts from colonists
Americans gained Florida from Spain
North
America
after the
Treaty
of Paris,
1783
“Critical Period” &
Early National Period
Review
Women emerged from the American
Revolution with the new responsibility of:
1.
2.
3.
4.
enjoying the vote
serving in local political office
becoming public school teachers
raising sons and daughters as good
republican citizens
The Land Ordinance of 1785 established
what precedent for new territories ?
1. town hall meetings
2. fair treatment of Indians
3. popular sovereignty
4. public funds for education
The Judiciary Act of 1789 created
1. a system of lower federal courts
2. elections for federal judges
3. the possibility of impeachment of
federal officials
4. state courts
Which best reflects the economic hardships
of the "Critical Period"?
1.
2.
3.
4.
the Stamp Act Congress
the Northwest Ordinance
the Embargo Act of 1807
Shay's Rebellion
During the 1790s, Federalists and Republicans
disagreed over all of the following EXCEPT
1. the Bank of the United States
2. foreign policy toward England and
France
3. Hamilton’s funding & assumption
plan
4. democracy versus republicanism
Three Branches of Government
Federalism—state gov’ts &
the national gov’t both have power
The supremacy clause establishes the
Constitution (not the states) as the
"the supreme law of the land"
A state law cannot contradict a national law
Colonial Governments
1607-1781
Articles of Confederation
1781-1789
Constitution
1789-present
Taxes
Taxes imposed by British
crown & enforced by royal
governors & tax collectors;
County-courts could
determine local tax rates
Left up to the individual states;
central gov’t did not have
power to tax but can request
funds from states
Both the federal gov’t and the
states have the power to tax
(Federalism!)
Legislative
Authority
Salutary neglect led to
formation of colonial
assemblies; Real authority
rested with governor & king
Unicameral legislature; Each
state has one vote in Congress
but Congress is intentionally
weak to leave most legislative
decisions to the states
Bicameral legislature with
House & Senate; States
make laws too (Federalism!)
Executive
Authority
Royal governors & king
enforced laws; Governor’s
councils advised the governor
No president; no authority has
veto power over the states;
State governors are powerless
as well
President determined by
Electoral College; Has veto
power over Congress; Can
make judicial appointments
Royal courts & county-courts;
Judges chosen by royal
governor
Judicial authority left up to state
courts; Central gov’t has
authority to handle disputes
between states
Supreme Court established;
Federal Courts given power
to enforce federal law; State
courts still in place
Provided for regional
differences
Sovereign states; no tyrannical
oppression
More powerful central gov’t
and sovereign states;
Federalism!
Colonies gradually lost ability
to make local decisions
(Parliamentary Sovereignty)
No power to tax, no national
leadership, Difficult to amend
constitution or pass laws
States cannot act in ways
that conflict with national
laws
Judicial
Authority
Advantages
Disadvantages
Washington’sAlexander
Cabinet Hamilton,
Henry Knox,
Secretary of Treasury
Secretary of War
George Washington,
President
Thomas Jefferson,
Secretary of State
Edmund Randolph,
Attorney General
Hamilton (Federalist)
Jefferson (Democratic-Republican)
Role of
Government
A strong national gov’t is necessary; the
“elite” should rule over the masses
The states should have power to protect the
yeoman farmers from potential tyrants
Payment of
National & State
Debts
The national gov’t should “assume” all state
debts & should “fund” debts at full value;
States like Virginia who paid off their debts
should not have to help more negligible
states pay off their debts
Tariffs
The U.S. gov’t should tax imported goods to
generate revenue to pay off debts
The states should not be subject to national
taxes; Import taxes hurt yeoman farmers
by making products more expensive
The U.S.
Economy
U.S. gov’t should support build infrastructure
to support manufacturing
U.S. is a land dominated by yeoman farmers
whose interests need to be protected
Creating a
National Bank
America needs a BUS to regulate currency
& interest rates
The BUS is unconstitutional & places too
much power in the hands of the elite
Interpretation of
the Constitution
The elastic clause allows for a loose
interpretation of the Constitution to fit the
needs of the nation
Whiskey
Rebellion
The national gov’t can issue taxes to raise
revenue; The Whiskey Rebellion is a
Republican plot to promote states’ rights
French
Revolution
The U.S. should support England, not
France, due to England’s superior
economic system
The national gov’t can only operate under the
powers clearly expressed in the
Constitution
The national gov’t should npt taxes the
states; The gov’t used the army to stifle
legitimate opposition to an unfair tax.
The U.S. should support France due to its
conviction to liberty & assistance during
the American Revolution
Constitution
Review
The group most likely to approve of the
Articles of Confederation would be
1. former Continental army officers
2. those who feared strong central
government
3. bankers, merchants, and financiers
4. those who feared the dangers of
unrestrained democracy
1.
2.
3.
4.
In order to become a law, a bill in
Congress must
receive a 2/3 majority of the votes in
Congress
receive a 3/4 majority of the votes in
each house of Congress
receive a 2/3 majority of votes in
each house of Congress
pass both houses of Congress in
identical form
Which amendment was NOT part of the
Bill of Rights?:
1. freedoms of speech, press, religion
2. trial by jury
3. protection against illegal search
4. direct election of senators
Under the Constitution, the status of the
Indian tribes in the west was
1. not clearly defined
2. that of conquered nations
3. that of independent nations
4. the same as states
All were weaknesses of the Articles of
Confederation government EXCEPT
1.
2.
3.
4.
it lacked the power to levy taxes
it lacked the power to regulate trade
it lacked the power to borrow money
it lacked a strong executive
The central compromise of the
Constitutional Convention involved the
1. balance of powers among the 3
branches of the federal government
2. relationship of state & federal powers
3. abandonment of the Articles of
Confederation
4. representation of large & small states
The first amendments to the Constitution,
the Bill of Rights, were added to protect
1. the states from the power of the
federal government
2. individual citizens from the power of
the federal and state governments
3. minorities from the majority
4. individual citizens from the power of
the federal government
The fact that the Constitution provided for
federalism and checks and balances suggests
1. the original thirteen states sought to
dominate the national government
2. the writers desired the national
government to rule over the states
3. the American people at that time
supported a military government
4. its writers feared a concentration of
political power
Both the Articles of Confederation and the
U.S. Constitution provided for
1. a Congress with legislative powers
2. a Supreme Court with judicial power
3. president with executive powers
4. local governments with veto powers
1.
2.
3.
4.
According to the U. S. Constitution,
revenue bills must originate with
the House of Representatives
the Senate
either house of Congress
the president
In Constitution, each may be accomplished
by a simple majority vote EXCEPT
1. Congress declares war
2. Congress passes a law
3. the Senate ratifies a treaty
4. the electoral college must
select a president
The “father of the Constitution” drafted the
plan to replace the Articles of Confederation
and developed the “Great Compromise”
1.
2.
3.
4.
Alexander Hamilton
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
James Monroe
This part of the Constitution gives
Congress the power to pass laws that are
"necessary and proper"
1. Habeas Corpus
2. Elastic Clause
3. Federalism
4. Due Process
A Constitutional guarantee that persons
under legal investigation receive fair
treatment from government officials
1.
2.
3.
4.
Double Jeopardy
Self Incrimination
Due Process of Law
Habeas Corpus
The belief that the national government can
exercise only those powers that are
specifically stated by the Constitution
1.
2.
3.
4.
Elastic Clause
Strict Construction
Loose Construction
Original Jurisdiction
A form of government in which power is
shared by different political levels, as
between states and the national government
1. Separation of Powers
2. Democracy
3. Republicanism
4. Federalism
This plan called for a national government
with a bicameral legislature with members
proportional to each state’s population
1.
2.
3.
4.
Virginia Plan
New Jersey Plan
Albany Plan
Crittenden Plan
Any power given to the national government
based on the "elastic clause" and is not
directly stated in the Constitution is called a
1.
2.
3.
4.
Delegated power
Implied Power
Reserved Power
Enumerated Power
Which of the following best describes the
impact of Shay’s Rebellion?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Revision of the Articles of Confederation
A call for stronger central authority
The movement toward state’s rights
The Tories still in America to strengthen their
position