Don’t forget to explain
ALL answer choices!!
Science Starter
1.18&21.13
*
Cellular Respiration &
Photosynthesis
*Plants are autotrophs - they
make their own food.
*They use a process of
photosynthesis to convert
energy from the sun in the
form of EMR into glucose.
*Glucose stores the
chemical energy until
needed by the plant.
*Photosynthesis takes place
in the chloroplasts found in
plant cells.
*
*
*2 main parts surrounded by
membranes
*Grana - stacks of Thylakoids “coins”
*Stroma - aqueous space between the grana
*
*Converts sunlight energy into
food for the plant.
*Takes place in the
chloroplasts
*Has a light (grana) and dark
(stroma) reaction
*Formula for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 +
6O2
*
*6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
*In other words:
*The reactants carbon dioxide & water in the
presence of sunlight & chlorophyll yield to form
the products glucose & oxygen.
*
*Requires sunlight
*Photons from sun and water from plant come into
grana
*Chlorophyll kicks off an electron from the splitting of
H2O into hydrogen and oxygen
*ADP (low energy) is converted into ATP (high energy)
*NADP+ (low energy) is converted into NADPH (high
energy)
* C6H12O6 = glucose (sugar that is long term, high energy)
* ATP = adenosine triphosphate (sugar that is short term high
energy)
* ADP = adenosine diphosphate (sugar that is short term low
energy
* NADP+ = Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
(enzyme that helps break down water and is low energy)
* NADPH = Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
(enzyme that is now carrying the hydrogen from the broken
down water and is high energy)
*
*Takes place day or night...no sunlight required
*ATP (high energy) and NADPH (high energy) along
with carbon dioxide goes through the Calvin Cycle and
converts them into glucose
*ATP and NADPH are short term high energy
molecules while ADP and NADP+ are short term low
energy molecules
*Glucose is a long term high energy molecule
In summary:
Light reactions:
photons, water, ADP,
NADP+ in…
oxygen, ATP, and
NADPH out
Dark reactions:
Carbon dioxide, ATP, and
NADPH in…
Glucose, ADP, and NADP
out
*
*Formula: C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
*Both plants and animal cells utilize glucose & release the
stored energy
*Energy released
is done
mitochondria
by cells
mainly in the
*
*2 part process
*In the cytoplasm, a glucose molecule is broken
into 2 pyruvate molecules (an acid that helps
break down sugar)
*In the mitochondria, the Krebs Cycle converts the
pyruvate molecules into 36 ATP molecules
*
*2 types:
*Alcohol – yeast converts sugars into alcohol &
releases energy
*Lactic Acid - muscles without enough oxygen
convert sugars to lactic acid to release needed
energy for contractions (movement)