IAMBIC PENTAMETER IS THE NAME GIVEN
TO A LINE OF VERSE THAT CONSISTS OF
FIVE IAMBS…AND…
AN IAMB IS ONE UNSTRESSED SYLLABLE
FOLLOWED BY ONE STRESSED, SUCH AS
"BEFORE".
HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=P226OX39OLS

The verse below starts at :54 seconds and ends about 1:19.
His PALMS are SWEATy, KNEES weak, ARMS are HEAVy
There's VOmit ON his SWEATer alREADy, mom's spaGHETTi
He's NERVous, but ON the SURFace he LOOKS calm and
READy
To DROP BOMBS, but HE keeps ON forGETtin
What HE wrote DOWN, the WHOLE crowd GOES so
LOUD
He OPens his MOUTH, BUT the WORDS won't come OUT
He's CHOKin, how EVeryBODy's JOKin NOW
The CLOCK'S run OUT, TIME'S up OVer, BLOah!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AF5WZ64bnIo

1. BLANK VERSE POETRY HAS NO FIXED NUMBER OF
LINES.
2. IT HAS A CONVENTIONAL METER THAT IS USED FOR
VERSE DRAMA AND LONG NARRATIVE POEMS.
3. IT IS OFTEN USED IN DESCRIPTIVE AND REFLECTIVE
POEMS AND DRAMATIC MONOLOGUES — THE POEMS IN
WHICH A SINGLE CHARACTER DELIVERS HIS THOUGHTS
IN THE FORM OF A SPEECH.

A SOLILOQUY IS A POPULAR LITERARY DEVICE OFTEN
USED IN DRAMA TO REVEAL THE INNERMOST THOUGHTS
OF A CHARACTER. IT IS A GREAT TECHNIQUE USED TO
CONVEY THE PROGRESS OF ACTION OF THE PLAY BY
MEANS OF EXPRESSING A CHARACTER’S THOUGHTS
ABOUT A CERTAIN CHARACTER OR PAST, PRESENT OR
UPCOMING EVENT WHILE TALKING TO HIMSELF
WITHOUT ACKNOWLEDGING THE PRESENCE OF ANY
OTHER PERSON.
•
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=0KFVLWX7EEY
•
HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=HA7LV1SDZNO

AN ACTOR’S SPEECH, DIRECTED TO THE AUDIENCE, THAT
IS NOT SUPPOSED TO BE HEARD BY OTHER ACTORS ON
STAGE. AN ASIDE IS USUALLY USED TO LET THE AUDIENCE
KNOW WHAT A CHARACTER IS ABOUT TO DO OR WHAT HE
OR SHE IS THINKING.
ASIDES ARE IMPORTANT BECAUSE THEY INCREASE AN
AUDIENCE'S INVOLVEMENT IN A PLAY BY GIVING THEM
VITAL INFORMATION PERTAINING WHAT IS HAPPENING,
BOTH INSIDE OF A CHARACTER'S MIND AND IN THE PLOT OF
THE PLAY.
HTTP://WWW.CRITICALCOMMONS.ORG/MEMBERS/MCIMR/
CLIPS/SHAKESPEAREAN-ASIDES-ON-THE-OFFICE/VIEW

FORESHADOWING IS A LITERARY DEVICE
IN WHICH A WRITER GIVES AN
ADVANCED HINT OF WHAT IS TO COME
LATER IN THE STORY.
FORESHADOWING IN FICTION CREATES
AN ATMOSPHERE OF SUSPENSE IN A
STORY SO THAT THE READERS ARE
INTERESTED TO KNOW MORE.

HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=OHGSGFTZZVK

ALLUSION IS A BRIEF AND INDIRECT REFERENCE TO A
PERSON, PLACE, THING OR IDEA OF HISTORICAL,
CULTURAL, LITERARY OR POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE. IT
DOES NOT DESCRIBE IN DETAIL THE PERSON OR THING
TO WHICH IT REFERS. IT IS JUST A PASSING COMMENT
AND THE WRITER EXPECTS THE READER TO POSSESS
ENOUGH KNOWLEDGE TO SPOT THE ALLUSION AND
GRASP ITS IMPORTANCE IN A TEXT.
HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=8D3M6J1XAK4

METAPHOR IS A FIGURE OF SPEECH WHICH
MAKES AN IMPLICIT, IMPLIED OR
HIDDEN COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO THINGS
OR OBJECTS THAT ARE POLES APART FROM
EACH OTHER BUT HAVE SOME
CHARACTERISTICS COMMON BETWEEN THEM
(WITHOUT USING “LIKE” OR “AS”).

•
MY BROTHER WAS BOILING MAD. (THIS IMPLIES HE WAS TOO
ANGRY.)
•
THE ASSIGNMENT WAS A BREEZE. (THIS IMPLIES THAT THE
ASSIGNMENT WAS NOT DIFFICULT.)
•
IT IS GOING TO BE CLEAR SKIES FROM NOW ON. (THIS IMPLIES THAT
CLEAR SKIES ARE NOT A THREAT AND LIFE IS GOING TO BE WITHOUT
HARDSHIPS)
•
THE SKIES OF HIS FUTURE BEGAN TO DARKEN. (DARKNESS IS A
THREAT; THEREFORE, THIS IMPLIES THAT THE COMING TIMES ARE
GOING TO BE HARD FOR HIM.)
•
HER VOICE IS MUSIC TO HIS EARS. (THIS IMPLIES THAT HER VOICE
MAKES HIM FEEL HAPPY)

A SIMILE IS A FIGURE OF SPEECH THAT MAKES
A COMPARISON , SHOWING SIMILARITIES
BETWEEN TWO DIFFERENT THINGS. UNLIKE
A METAPHOR , A SIMILE DRAWS RESEMBLANCE
WITH THE HELP OF THE WORDS “LIKE” OR
“AS”. THEREFORE, IT IS A DIRECT
COMPARISON.

•
OUR SOLDIERS ARE AS BRAVE AS LIONS.
•
HER CHEEKS ARE RED LIKE A ROSE.
•
HE IS AS FUNNY AS A MONKEY.
•
THE WATER WELL WAS AS DRY AS A BONE.
•
HE IS AS CUNNING AS A FOX.

•
HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=IIBDDIPI-O0

HUMOROUS SCENES OR SPEECHES THAT ALLEVIATE
THE TENSION THAT HAS BUILT UP DURING THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONFLICT OR CONFLICTS. COMIC
RELIEF IS USED FREQUENTLY IN DRAMA,
ESPECIALLY TRAGEDY , AND ALLOWS THE AUDIENCE OR
READER TIME TO RELAX, LAUGH, AND CONSIDER THE
DEVELOPING EVENTS WITHIN THE PLOT STRUCTURE .
HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=FV-
SKP17XTW#ACTION=SHARE

IN LITERATURE, A FOIL IS A CHARACTER
THAT SHOWS QUALITIES THAT ARE IN
CONTRAST WITH THE QUALITIES OF
ANOTHER CHARACTER WITH THE
OBJECTIVE TO HIGHLIGHT THE TRAITS
OF THE OTHER CHARACTER.

•
HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=QBSFXLFUF9S
•
HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=RIQWSPUH2RY&LIST=RDRIQWSP
UH2RY#T=130

PUN
A PUN IS A PLAY ON WORDS IN WHICH A
HUMOROUS EFFECT IS PRODUCED BY
USING A WORD THAT SUGGESTS TWO
OR MORE MEANINGS OR BY EXPLOITING
SIMILAR SOUNDING WORDS HAVING
DIFFERENT MEANINGS.

•
DRAMATIC IRONY IS A TYPE OF IRONY IN WHICH THE
AUDIENCE IS AWARE OF SOMETHING THAT IS
HAPPENING IN THE NARRATIVE THAT A CHARACTER IN
THE STORY DOES NOT KNOW.
•
DRAMATIC IRONY GRABS THE READER’S ATTENTION
AND CAN ALLOW THEM TO RELATE TO THE PLIGHT OF
THE UNKNOWING PARTY, ALLOWING THEM TO
EMPATHIZE WITH THE CHARACTER OR CHARACTERS.
•
HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=LAD686QUD_
M