• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy -Nice neat notes that are legible and use indentations when appropriate. -Example of indent. -Skip a line between topics -Don’t skip pages -Make visuals clear and well drawn. Please label. T Gas E M P Boiling Melting Water Ice Heat Added Vapor • RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal. • BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow directions, complete projects as described and answer required questions neatly. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise your hand as soon as you see him. – He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise your hand as soon as you see him. – He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow “Hoot, Hoot” “Good Luck!” Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy New Area of Focus, Electricity and Magnetism Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • What would life be like without electricity? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Much different than it is for most of us. • Much different than it is for most of us. • Video Link! Nikola Tesla… Hank explains great minds. – Preview for language. – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pPnGvjmIgZA • Does somebody want to try and define the word electricity? • There is no single definition called "electricity." Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • There is no single definition called "electricity." • ELECTRICITY DOES NOT EXIST Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Electricity is a variety of independent science concepts all with one single name. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • These are the questions and definitions we need to know to generate a definition for electricity? – – – – – – – – – – – – – – What is electric charge? What is electrical energy? What are electrons What is electric current? What is an imbalance of charge? What is an electric field? What is voltage? What is electric power? What is a spark? What is electromagnetism? What is electrical science? What is electrodynamics? What is electrostatics? What are electrical phenomena? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • These are the questions and definitions we need to know to generate a definition for electricity? – – – – – – – – – – – – – – What is electric charge? What is electrical energy? What are electrons What is electric current? What is an imbalance of charge? What is an electric field? What is voltage? What is electric power? What is a spark? What is electromagnetism? What is electrical science? What is electrodynamics? What is electrostatics? What are electrical phenomena? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Electricity is related to charges, and both electrons (-) and protons (+) carry a charge. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • We will skip most of the atomic information. – We will examine circuits and static charges for this unit. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Electrons are negatively charged Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Electrons are negatively charged Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Electrons are negatively charged • Protons (nucleus) are positively charged Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Electrons are negatively charged • Protons (nucleus) are positively charged Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Electrons are negatively charged • Protons (nucleus) are positively charged Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Electrons are negatively charged • Protons (nucleus) are positively charged • Their charges are about equal Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Electrons are negatively charged • Protons (nucleus) are positively charged • Add Electrons – Atom becomes more negatively charged. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Electrons are negatively charged • Protons (nucleus) are positively charged • Take away (strip) electrons then the atom becomes more positively charged. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Annoying Tape. – Teacher gives each student 2 long pieces (10 centimeters each) strips of clear tape. • Make non-stick handles by folding a small amount tape on itself. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Annoying Tape. – Teacher gives each student 2 long pieces (10 centimeters each) strips of clear tape. • Make non-stick handles by folding a small amount tape on itself. – Stick one piece of tape to table. – Stick the other piece of tape on that tape. – Quickly pull tape from table and then apart. – Observe what happens to the tape when it gets close to each other and then eventually your arm. • Try and dispose of in trash barrel by shaking the tape from your hand and not picking. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Annoying Tape. – Teacher gives each student 2 long pieces (10 centimeters each) strips of clear tape. • Make non-stick handles by folding a small amount tape on itself. – Stick one piece of tape to table. – Stick the other piece of tape on that tape. – Quickly pull tape from table and then apart. – Observe what happens to the tape when it gets close to each other and then eventually your arm. • Try and dispose of in trash barrel by shaking the tape from your hand and not picking. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • What happened! • What happened! – When you removed the tape from the table you gave it an electrical charge. When you peeled the tape apart from each other, one piece of tape gained more of a charge than the other. • What happened! – When you removed the tape from the table you gave it an electrical charge. When you peeled the tape apart from each other, one piece of tape gained more of a charge than the other. • Opposite charges attract (+) (-) • Annoying Tape. – Teacher gives each student 2 long pieces (10 centimeters each) strips of clear tape. • Make non-stick handles by folding a small amount tape on itself. – Stick both pieces of tape to table. – Quickly pull tape from table. – Observe what happens to the tape when it gets close to each other and then eventually your arm. • Try and dispose of in trash barrel by shaking the tape from your hand and not picking. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Annoying Tape. – Teacher gives each student 2 long pieces (10 centimeters each) strips of clear tape. • Make non-stick handles by folding a small amount tape on itself. – Stick both pieces of tape to table. – Quickly pull tape from table. – Observe what happens to the tape when it gets close to each other and then eventually your arm. • Try and dispose of in trash barrel by shaking the tape from your hand and not picking. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • What happened? • What happened? – Each piece of tape gained a negative charge when removed from the table. When they were brought close together they moved away from each other. • What happened? – Each piece of tape gained a negative charge when removed from the table. When they were brought close together they moved away from each other. • Like charges repel. (-) (-) • Life occurs because of electrostatic charges. • Life occurs because of electrostatic charges. • Without them, life would simple unravel. • Life occurs because of electrostatic charges. • Without them, life would simple unravel. Electricity. Learn more at… http://science.howstuffworks.com/electri city.htm • Electricity Available Sheet Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit Link Electric Fields: The funky area near any electrically-charged object. Replace electrostatic for funky. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Activity. The Fonz – Try and pick up paper hole punches with a plastic comb. – Next run the comb through your hair and over your clothes to collect a charge. – Try again. What happened? Static Electricity: The imbalance of positive and negative charges. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Activity Simulation. John Travoltage. • http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/trav oltage Static Charge • Activity- Bad Hair Day Demonstration. – Rub balloon all around your head. – Question: Why does this happen? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Answer! – Electrons from your body move into the balloon. – This gives you a positive charge. – Your hair is also positive. – Like charges repel so hair tries to get away from body. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Answer! – Electrons from your body move into the balloon. – This gives you a positive charge. – Your hair is also positive. – Like charges repel so hair tries to get away from body. ?+ + ? + Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Answer! – Electrons from your body move into the balloon. – This gives you a positive charge. – Your hair is also positive. – Like charges repel so hair tries to get away from body. ?+ ? + Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Answer! – Electrons from your body move into the balloon. – This gives you a positive charge. – Your hair is also positive. – Like charges repel so hair tries to get away from body. + + + Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Electricity Available Sheet Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit Link • Answer to wall sticking balloon. – Electrons from hair are removed and put into balloon. • Answer to wall sticking balloon. – Electrons from hair are removed and put into balloon. – Balloon has slight negative charge. • Answer to wall sticking balloon. – Electrons from hair are removed and put into balloon. – Balloon has slight negative charge. – The atoms orient and wall has slight positive charge. • Answer to wall sticking balloon. – – – – Electrons from hair are removed and put into balloon. Balloon has slight negative charge. The atoms orient and wall has slight positive charge. Opposite charges attract and balloon sticks. • Activity Simulator. Balloons Explained • http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/ballo ons • We usually only notice static electricity in the winter when the air is very dry. • We usually only notice static electricity in the winter when the air is very dry. During the summer, the air is more humid. • We usually only notice static electricity in the winter when the air is very dry. During the summer, the air is more humid. – The water in the air helps electrons move off you more quickly, so you can’t build up a large static charge. • Demonstration Static Electricity • Set-up below and move balloon around cup. • What happened? Balloon gained electrons from rubbing ( • What happened? Balloon gained electrons from rubbing (now more negative). The match is neutral and is attracted to the negative balloon. – Balancing on coin reduces friction. • What happened? Balloon gained electrons from rubbing (now more negative). The match is neutral and is attracted to the negative balloon. • What happened? Balloon gained electrons from rubbing (now more negative). The match is neutral and is attracted to the negative balloon. – Balancing on coin reduces friction. • Electricity Available Sheet • Activities Van de Graaff generator • Please read safety and operation precautions on this link. – http://hypertextbook.com/eworld/vdg.shtml • Activity: Van de Graaff Generator – Creates unequal distribution of electrons. – Describe two demonstrations in journal with a visual and explanation. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Activity: Van de Graaff Generator – Creates unequal distribution of electrons. – Describe two demonstrations in journal with a visual and explanation. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Demonstration – Take top off of generator to see its inner workings. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Video! How a Van de Graaff Generator works. – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I2G0IdTWG QU • Tape a tack to the top of the generator. – Can we hear the corona discharge. Metal Thumbtack Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit Link Coulombs Law: The greater the charges, the greater the force. Coulombs Law: The greater the charges, the greater the force. The greater the distance between them, the smaller the force. • Video Link! Coulombs Law – Be proactive, sketch some notes. If it gets a bit advanced stay positive. (No worries here). – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYjo774UpHI • Video Link! Coulombs Law – Be proactive, sketch some notes. If it gets a bit advanced stay positive. (No worries friend). – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYjo774UpHI • Electricity Available Sheet • If your car gets struck by lightning in a thunderstorm, will you be safe. Why? • If your car gets struck by lightning in a thunderstorm, will you be safe. Why? • If your car gets struck by lightning in a thunderstorm, will you be safe. Why? • If your car gets struck by lightning in a thunderstorm, will you be safe. Why? Yes • Answer: You will be safe because your cars metal chassis acts like a Faraday Cage. • Answer: You will be safe because your cars metal chassis acts like a Faraday Cage. The charged particles travel around the outside of the car and into the ground. • Answer: You will be safe because your cars metal chassis acts like a Faraday Cage. The charged particles travel around the outside of the car and into the ground. • Answer: You will be safe because your cars metal chassis acts like a Faraday Cage. The charged particles travel around the outside of the car and into the ground. • Answer: You will be safe because your cars metal chassis acts like a Faraday Cage. The charged particles travel around the outside of the car and into the ground. • Answer: You will be safe because your cars metal chassis acts like a Faraday Cage. The charged particles travel around the outside of the car and into the ground. • Answer: You will be safe because your cars metal chassis acts like a Faraday Cage. The charged particles travel around the outside of the car and into the ground. • A Faraday cage is a metallic enclosure that prevents the entry or escape of an electromagnetic field. • A Faraday cage is a metallic enclosure that prevents the entry or escape of an electromagnetic field. – For best performance, the cage should be directly connected to an earth ground. • A Faraday cage is a metallic enclosure that prevents the entry or escape of an electromagnetic field. – For best performance, That should person would the cage be be dead without that directly connected to Faraday cage. an earth ground. • Video Link. Human Faraday Cage. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fyko81 WAvvQ • Optional Activity! Teacher to make a Faraday Cage wallet. – Does a student have a cell phone that we can place in the wallet and call? • Why won’t it ring?...Hopefully. • http://howto.wired.com/wiki/Make_a_Faraday_Cag e_Wallet • Optional Activity! Teacher to make a Faraday Cage wallet. – Does a student have a cell phone that we can place in the wallet and call? • Why won’t it ring?...Hopefully. • http://howto.wired.com/wiki/Make_a_Faraday_Cag e_Wallet • Optional Activity! Teacher to make a Faraday Cage wallet. – Does a student have a cell phone that we can place in the wallet and call? • Why won’t it ring?...Hopefully. • http://howto.wired.com/wiki/Make_a_Faraday_Cag e_Wallet • Optional Activity! Teacher to make a Faraday Cage wallet. – Does a student have a cell phone that we can place in the wallet and call? • Why won’t it ring?...Hopefully. • http://howto.wired.com/wiki/Make_a_Faraday_Cag e_Wallet • Optional Activity! Teacher to make a Faraday Cage wallet. – Does a student have a cell phone that we can place in the wallet and call? • Why won’t it ring?...Hopefully. • http://howto.wired.com/wiki/Make_a_Faraday_Cag e_Wallet Current: A flow of electrons, or individual negative charges. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The electrons have a mass (however small), and when they move through the conductor, there are collisions that produce heat. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Don’t over connect outlets because they could short circuit. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Electricity Available Sheet Conductors, Insulators, Semi-conductors: How easily energy is transferred through the object by the moving charge. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit Link • Video Link! Reading your meter at home. • Optional: – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k2ogwitaAh4 Using a Multimeter http://www.doctronics.co.uk/meter.htm Volt: A measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows. Ampere: A measure of how much current moves through a wire in one second. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Ampere: A measure of how much current moves through a wire in one second. – Basically, the larger the size of wire, the greater the ampere capacity. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Where do your see these plugs? – Why are they larger? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Answer: The Plug to a dryer or stove is much thicker than a standard outlet to account for extra amps. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Answer: The Plug to a dryer or stove is much thicker than a standard outlet to account for extra amps. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Watt: The amount of electricity consumed per second. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • A Watt is calculated by multiplying volts times amps. Most household electrical usage is billed in kilowatt hours, or the amount of hours times 1,000 watts. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Question? We have a small computer server with a sticker that shows 2.5 amps. Given a normal 120 Volt, 60 hz power source and the ampere reading from equipment… – How many watts does it require? • Raise your hand if you have no clue because you weren’t paying attention for that black slide that discussed what a Watt was? • Raise your hand if you have no clue because you weren’t paying attention for that black slide that discussed what a Watt was? • Question? We have a small computer server with a sticker that shows 2.5 amps. Given a normal 120 Volt, 60 hz power source and the ampere reading from equipment… – How many watts does it require? • Question? We have a small computer server with a sticker that shows 2.5 amps. Given a normal 120 Volt, 60 hz power source and the ampere reading from equipment… – How many watts does it require? • Question? We have a small computer server with a sticker that shows 2.5 amps. Given a normal 120 Volt, 60 hz power source and the ampere reading from equipment… – How many watts does it require? • Question? We have a small computer server with a sticker that shows 2.5 amps. Given a normal 120 Volt, 60 hz power source and the ampere reading from equipment – How many watts does it require? – Watts = Volts x Amps – Watts = 120v x 2.5amps = 300 Watts • Question? We have a small computer server with a sticker that shows 2.5 amps. Given a normal 120 Volt, 60 hz power source and the ampere reading from equipment – How many watts does it require? – Watts = Volts x Amps – Watts = 120v x 2.5amps = 300 Watts • Question? We have a small computer server with a sticker that shows 2.5 amps. Given a normal 120 Volt, 60 hz power source and the ampere reading from equipment – How many watts does it require? – Watts = Volts x Amps – Watts = 120v x 2.5amps = • Question? We have a small computer server with a sticker that shows 2.5 amps. Given a normal 120 Volt, 60 hz power source and the ampere reading from equipment – How many watts does it require? – Watts = Volts x Amps – Watts = 120v x 2.5amps = 300 Watts • Electricity Available Sheet • Volts are a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows. • Volts are a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows. • Volts are a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows. • Amps are a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons • . • Volts are a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows. • Amps are a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons • . • Watts is a measurement of electrical power created. • Volts are a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows. • Amps are a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons • . • Watts is a measurement of electrical power created. – 1 watt is equal to one joule of energy per second. • Volts are a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows. • Amps are a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons • . • Watts is a measurement of electrical power created. – 1 watt is equal to one joule of energy per second. • Volts are a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows. • Amps are a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons • . • Watts is a measurement of electrical power created. – 1 watt is equal to one joule of energy per second. Crazy things about to happen. Which is the correct description of Watts? Which is the correct description of Watts? This is a measurement of electrical power created. This is a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows This is a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons Which is the correct description of Watts? This is a measurement of electrical power created. This is a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows This is a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons Which is the correct description of Amps? This is a measurement of electrical power created. This is a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows This is a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons Which is the correct description of Amps? This is a measurement of electrical power created. This is a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows This is a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons Which is the correct description of Volts? This is a measurement of electrical power created. This is a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows This is a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons Which is the correct description of Volts? This is a measurement of electrical power created. This is a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows This is a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons • Volts are a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows. • Amps are a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons • . • Watts is a measurement of electrical power created. – 1 watt is equal to one joule of energy per second. • Volts are a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows. • Amps are a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons • . • Watts is a measurement of electrical power created. – 1 watt is equal to one joule of energy per second. Which is the correct description of Amps? This is a measurement of electrical power created. This is a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons This is a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows Which is the correct description of Amps? This is a measurement of electrical power created. This is a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons This is a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows Which is the correct description of Volts? This is a measurement of electrical power created. This is a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons This is a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows Which is the correct description of Volts? This is a measurement of electrical power created. This is a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons This is a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows Which is the correct description of Watts? This is a measurement of electrical power created. This is a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons This is a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows Which is the correct description of Watts? This is a measurement of electrical power created. This is a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons This is a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows atts atts atts olts atts olts atts olts mps atts olts mps atts olts mps How do you find Watts? atts olts mps How do you find Watts? atts olts mps How do you find Watts? atts olts mps How do you find Amps? atts olts mps How do you find Amps? atts olts mps How do you find Amps? atts olts mps How do you find Volts? atts olts mps How do you find Volts? atts olts mps How do you find Volts? atts olts mps • Please complete these questions on the available sheet. • A Watt is calculated by multiplying volts times amps. Most household electrical usage is billed in kilowatt hours, or the amount of hours times 1,000 watts. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • A Watt is calculated by multiplying volts times amps. Most household electrical usage is billed in kilowatt hours, or the amount of hours times 1,000 watts. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit Link • What’s a resistance? Resistance: The refusal to accept or comply with something; the attempt to prevent something by action or argument. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Resistance: Anything in an electrical circuit that impedes the flow of current is referred to as resistance. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Volts are a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows. • Amps are a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons • Resistance: Anything in an electrical circuit that impedes the flow of current is referred to as resistance. • Watts is a measurement of electrical power created. – 1 watt is equal to one joule of energy per second. • Volts are a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows. • Amps are a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons • Resistance: Anything in an electrical circuit that impedes the flow of current is referred to as resistance. • Watts is a measurement of electrical power created. – 1 watt is equal to one joule of energy per second. Which is the correct description of Watts? This is a measurement of electrical power created. Anything in an electrical circuit that impedes the flow of current. This is a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons This is a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows Which is the correct description of Watts? This is a measurement of electrical power created. Anything in an electrical circuit that impedes the flow of current. This is a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons This is a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows Which is the correct description of Watts? This is a measurement of electrical power created. Anything in an electrical circuit that impedes the flow of current. This is a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons This is a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows Which is the correct description of Watts? This is a measurement of electrical power created. Anything in an electrical circuit that impedes the flow of current. This is a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons This is a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows Which is the correct description of Watts? This is a measurement of electrical power created. Anything in an electrical circuit that impedes the flow of current. This is a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons This is a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows Which is the correct description of Watts? This is a measurement of electrical power created. Anything in an electrical circuit that impedes the flow of current. This is a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons This is a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows Which is the correct description of Watts? This is a measurement of electrical power created. Anything in an electrical circuit that impedes the flow of current. This is a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons This is a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows Which is the correct description of Watts? This is a measurement of electrical power created. Anything in an electrical circuit that impedes the flow of current. This is a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons This is a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows Which is the correct description of Watts? This is a measurement of electrical power created. Anything in an electrical circuit that impedes the flow of current. This is a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons This is a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows • Volts are a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows. • Amps are a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons • Resistance: Anything in an electrical circuit that impedes the flow of current is referred to as resistance. • Watts is a measurement of electrical power created. – 1 watt is equal to one joule of energy per second. • Volts are a measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows. • Amps are a measurement of the current flow rate of electrons • Resistance: Anything in an electrical circuit that impedes the flow of current is referred to as resistance. • Watts is a measurement of electrical power created. – 1 watt is equal to one joule of energy per second. Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit Link • Georg Simon Ohm (1789 –1854) – Ohm found that there is a direct proportionality between voltage applied across a conductor and the resultant electric current. Learn more at.. http://www.allaboutcircuits.co m/vol_1/chpt_2/1.html Ohms: The measure of resistance in a circuit to the flow of an electric current. The greater the ohm value the more difficult it is for current to flow through a given circuit. A low ohm value represents a low resistance and the easy flow of current through a circuit Current Ohms: The measure of resistance in a circuit to the flow of an electric current. The greater the ohm value the more difficult it is for current to flow through a given circuit. A low ohm value represents a low resistance and the easy flow of current through a circuit I is used instead of C because C is already used for Coulombs. Current Ohms: The measure of resistance in a circuit to the flow of an electric current. The greater the ohm value the more difficult it is for current to flow through a given circuit. A low ohm value represents a low resistance and the easy flow of current through a circuit I is used instead of C because C is already used for Coulombs. Current I is amps and today, you may see A instead of I Ohms: The measure of resistance in a circuit to the flow of an electric current. The greater the ohm value the more difficult it is for current to flow through a given circuit. A low ohm value represents a low resistance and the easy flow of current through a circuit Current • Ohms: The measure of resistance in a circuit to the flow of an electric current. – The greater the ohm value the more difficult it is for current to flow through a given circuit. – A low ohm value represents a low resistance and the easy flow of current through a circuit • Ohms: The measure of resistance in a circuit to the flow of an electric current. – The greater the ohm value the more difficult it is for current to flow through a given circuit. – A low ohm value represents a low resistance and the easy flow of current through a circuit. • Ohms: The measure of resistance in a circuit to the flow of an electric current. – The greater the ohm value the more difficult it is for current to flow through a given circuit. – A low ohm value represents a low resistance and the easy flow of current through a circuit. • Voltage Ohms: =The resistance in a (I) measure Electricityoftimes Resistance circuit to the flow of an electric current. – The greater the ohm value the more difficult it is for current to flow through a given circuit. – A low ohm value represents a low resistance and the easy flow of current through a circuit. Current and resistance are inversely proportional. As one goes up, the other goes down. • Resistance Ohms: The of resistance in a (I) = measure Voltage divided by Current circuit to the flow of an electric current. – The greater the ohm value the more difficult it is for current to flow through a given circuit. – A low ohm value represents a low resistance and the easy flow of current through a circuit. Current and resistance are inversely proportional. As one goes up, the other goes down. • Video Link! Ohms Law (Optional) – Be proactive, record notes as he does. – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-mHLvtGjum4 • Please complete these questions on the available sheet. • If 220 volts travel through a copper wire and the current is 36A, – What’s the resistance of the wire? • If 220 volts travel through a copper wire and the current is 36A, – What’s the resistance of the wire? • If 220 volts travel through a copper wire and the current is 36A, – What’s the resistance of the wire? • If 220 volts travel through a copper wire and the current is 36A, – What’s the resistance of the wire? • If 220 volts travel through a copper wire and the current is 36A, – What’s the resistance of the wire? V 220 R= -----I • If 220 volts travel through a copper wire and the current is 36A, – What’s the resistance of the wire? V 220 R= ------ --------- = 6.1 ohms I 36A • If 220 volts travel through a copper wire and the current is 36A, – What’s the resistance of the wire? V 220 R= ------ --------- = 6.1 ohms I 36A • If 220 volts travel through a copper wire and the current is 36A, – What’s the resistance of the wire? V 220 R= ------ --------- = 6.1 ohms I 36A • Electricity flows through a wire much like water flows through a pipe. • Electricity flows through a wire much like water flows through a pipe. – A force is required to drive it and resistance to is encountered, the flow of current is measured in amps • Ohms Law Simulator at… – http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/ohms-law • Please complete these questions on the available sheet. Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit Link • Video Link! Current, Voltage, Resistance – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4VqxHqUo8 • Visit a more complex circuit simulator AC and DC • http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/circ uit-construction-kit-ac • Visit an online circuit builder if materials are not present. – http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/circuitconstruction-kit-dc Please record the symbols and their names below. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Please record the symbols and their names below. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Please record the symbols and their names below. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Please record the symbols and their names below. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Please record the symbols and their names below. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Please record the symbols and their names below. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Please record the symbols and their names below. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Activity – Creating a Circuit – Please create a circuit to light the light bulb with a switch. – Draw the circuit in your journal using the correct symbols. – Teacher to test voltage (record next to picture) – Label the following • • • • • Conductor Insulator Resistance DC current Coulomb’s Law Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Electricity Available Sheet • Possible answer to drawing a circuit. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Activity: Connecting all of the lights to create one large circuit. – Can we connect all of the lights along a chain? – What will happen if one light bulb goes out? – Can we wire it so if one bulb goes the whole string will stay lit. Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit Link New Area of Focus: Magnetism Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Magnetism: The force produced by a magnetic field. Electric charges in motion. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy A magnet is an object or a device that gives off an external magnetic field. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy A magnet is an object or a device that gives off an external magnetic field. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Demonstration – Iron filings over a magnetic field – Sprinkle iron filings on a piece of paper. – Create the two poles a magnetic field with a magnetic from underneath the paper. – Identify the magnetic fields with a visual in your journal. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Demonstration – Iron filings over a magnetic field – Sprinkle iron filings on a piece of paper. – Create the two poles a magnetic field with a magnetic from underneath the paper. – Identify the magnetic fields with a visual in your journal. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Demonstration – Iron filings over a magnetic field – Sprinkle iron filings on a piece of paper. – Create the two poles a magnetic field with a magnetic from underneath the paper. – Identify the magnetic fields with a visual in your journal. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Demonstration – Iron filings over a magnetic field – Sprinkle iron filings on a piece of paper. – Create the two poles a magnetic field with a magnetic from underneath the paper. – Identify the magnetic fields with a visual in your journal. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Demonstration – Iron filings over a magnetic field – Sprinkle iron filings on a piece of paper. – Create the two poles a magnetic field with a magnetic from underneath the paper. – Identify the magnetic fields with a visual in your journal. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Demonstration – Iron filings over a magnetic field – Sprinkle iron filings on a piece of paper. – Create the two poles a magnetic field with a magnetic from underneath the paper. – Identify the magnetic fields with a visual in your journal. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Demonstration – Iron filings over a magnetic field. Answer to visual! – Sprinkle iron filings on a piece of paper. – Create the two poles a magnetic field with a magnetic from underneath the paper. – Identify the magnetic fields with a visual in your journal. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The term magnetism is derived from Magnesia, the name of a region in Asia Minor where lodestone, a naturally magnetic iron ore, was found in ancient times. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Visit a magnetic field simulator. http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/mag nets-and-electromagnets Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Opposite charges attract. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Opposite charges attract. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy The Same forces repel. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy The Same forces repel. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which one is right and which is wrong? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which one is right and which is wrong? • Answer: They are both wrong. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which one is right and which is wrong? • Answer: They are both wrong. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which one is right and which is wrong? • Answer: They are both wrong. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which one is right and which is wrong? • Answer: They are both wrong. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which one is right and which is wrong? • Answer: They are both wrong. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which one is right and which is wrong? • Answer: They are both wrong. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which one is right and which is wrong? • Answer: Now they’re both right. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Activity Simulation. Magnetic Field Hockey • http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/electr ic-hockey • Magnet: An object that is surrounded by a magnetic field and that has the property, either natural or induced, of attracting iron or steel. • Magnet: An object that is surrounded by a magnetic field and that has the property, either natural or induced, of attracting iron or steel. • Magnet: An object that is surrounded by a magnetic field and that has the property, either natural or induced, of attracting iron or steel. • Magnet: An object that is surrounded by a magnetic field and that has the property, either natural or induced, of attracting iron or steel. • Magnet: An object that is surrounded by a magnetic field and that has the property, either natural or induced, of attracting iron or steel. • Magnet: An object that is surrounded by a magnetic field and that has the property, either natural or induced, of attracting iron or steel. Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit Link Compass: A navigational instrument for determining direction relative to the earth's magnetic poles. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Compass: A navigational instrument for determining direction relative to the earth's magnetic poles. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The magnetic poles of the earth have shifted throughout Earth’s history. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The magnetic poles of the earth have shifted throughout Earth’s history. Magnetism. Learn More http://www.schoolfor-champions.com/science/magnetism.htm Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • How to hold the compass and your posture is very important to get correct bearings. • Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Activity! Learning to use a compass. – Put “Red Fred in the shed” – Put “Black Jack in the shack” Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Activity! Learning to use a compass. – Put “Red Fred in the shed” – Put “Black Jack in the shack” Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Activity! Learning to use a compass. – Put “Red Fred in the shed” – Put “Black Jack in the shack” Red Fred Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Activity! Learning to use a compass. – Put “Red Fred in the shed” – Put “Black Jack in the shack” Red Fred Shed Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Activity! Learning to use a compass. – Put “Red Fred in the shed” – Put “Black Jack in the shack” Red Fred Shed Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Activity! Learning to use a compass. – Put “Red Fred in the shed” – Put “Black Jack in the shack” Red Fred Shed Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Activity! Learning to use a compass. – Put “Red Fred in the shed” – Put “Black Jack in the shack” Shed Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Shed Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Shed Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Video Link! Using a Compass – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mTISEANFFY Shed Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Going outside to use the compass. – – – – Find 0 degrees / North (hold and face) Mark ground at feet with object. Turn dial to 120 degrees, (Put Red Fred in the shed.) Face and sight a target, take 30 steps keeping red Fred in shed. • Follow the red arrow when Red Fred is in the shed. – Turn dial to 240 degrees (Put Red Fred in the shed) – Face and sight a target, take 30 steps keeping red Fred in shed. – Turn dial to 360 degrees / North (Red Fred It) – Face and sight a target, take 30 steps keeping red Fred in shed. – How close were you? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Activity! (Optional) Participate in an Orienteering Course or create your own. “Do you see the Owl?” Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Activity! (Optional) Participate in an Orienteering Course or create your own. “Yah,” “He’s that way.” Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Faraday's Law: The changing of a magnetic field can create voltage. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Faraday's Law: The changing of a magnetic field can create voltage. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Electrical motors and generators use this law. Magnets and Electricity Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Electrical motors and generators use this law. Magnets and Electricity Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Electrical motors and generators use this law. Magnets and Electricity – How many products can we mention? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Activity Simulator. Faraday’s Law and introduction to electromagnets. • http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/faraday • An electric motor uses the attraction and repelling properties of magnets to create motion. • Electric motors use a permanent magnet and temporary magnet. • Electric motors use a permanent magnet and temporary magnet. • Electric motors use a permanent magnet and temporary magnet. – The permanent magnetic has a north and south Pole. Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit Link Another version of the motor. Neodymium Magnet • Okay, So how does it work? Which one is correct? • A.) The magnetic force from the battery combined with the hoop spins the ring counter clockwise. • B.) The hoop creates a Faraday cage and the extra electrons spin the hoop counter clockwise. • C.) Charges moving through a magnetic field experience a push dependent upon the direction of the magnetic field. • D.) The earth’s magnetic field is turned on when you connect the battery and spins Northward. • E.) Electrons get excited when they go around the copper wire loops. This excited state spins the loop against the electron gradient. • Okay, So how does it work? Which one is correct? And the answer is… • A.) The magnetic force from the battery combined with the hoop spins the ring counter clockwise. • B.) The hoop creates a Faraday cage and the extra electrons spin the hoop counter clockwise. • C.) Charges moving through a magnetic field experience a push dependent upon the direction of the magnetic field. • D.) The earth’s magnetic field is turned on when you connect the battery and spins Northward. • E.) Electrons get excited when they go around the copper wire loops. This excited state spins the loop against the electron gradient. • Okay, So how does it work? Which one is correct? And the answer is… • A.) The magnetic force from the battery combined with the hoop spins the ring counter clockwise. • B.) The hoop creates a Faraday cage and the extra electrons spin the hoop counter clockwise. • C.) Charges moving through a magnetic field experience a push dependent upon the direction of the magnetic field. • D.) The earth’s magnetic field is turned on when you connect the battery and spins Northward. • E.) Electrons get excited when they go around the copper wire loops. This excited state spins the loop against the electron gradient. • Answer: It works on the principal of Faraday's Law of electromagnetic induction. This force depends on the direction of the magnetic field. Because the wire is stripped on one side, it alternates the current from on to off every 1/2 rotation. • Halfway through the spin, the ring gets current and receives a boost. • Answer: It works on the principal of Faraday's Law of electromagnetic induction. A current-carrying conductor generates a magnetic field; when this is placed in between the poles of a strong magnet, it generates rotational motion. – This force depends on the direction of the magnetic field. Because the wire is stripped on one side, it alternates the current from on to off every 1/2 rotation. • Halfway through the spin, the ring gets current and receives a boost. • Answer: It works on the principal of Faraday's Law of electromagnetic induction. A current-carrying conductor generates a magnetic field; when this is placed in between the poles of a strong magnet, it generates rotational motion. – This force depends on the direction of the magnetic field. Because the wire is stripped on one side, it alternates the current from on to off every 1/2 rotation. • Halfway through the spin, the ring gets current and receives a boost. • Answer: It works on the principal of Faraday's Law of electromagnetic induction. A current-carrying conductor generates a magnetic field; when this is placed in between the poles of a strong magnet, it generates rotational motion. – This force depends on the direction of the magnetic field. Because the wire is stripped on one side, it alternates the current from on to off every 1/2 rotation. • Halfway through the spin, the ring gets current and receives a boost. Electromagnets: By running electric current through a wire, you can create a magnetic field. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Electromagnets: By running electric current through a wire, you can create a magnetic field. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The advantage of an electromagnet is that you can turn it on and off. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • We created an electromagnet when we created our electric motor. • Please record this spreadsheet in your journal. Size of battery Number of paper clips collected AA Trial___________ Trial___________ Trial______________ D Trial___________ Trial___________ Trial______________ • Activity – Building an electromagnet – Draw the finished product in journal. – How many paper clips can it pick up with AA and then D battery? Why? – Practice turning on / off with the magnet by transporting paperclips to the empty cup. Electromagnets. Learn more. http://www.howstuffworks.com/electromagnet.htm Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • You should be close to page 8 in your bundle. • Video Link! Electricity Review • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D2mon VkCkX4 • Be prepared to have more questions than answers for the next 100 slides. • Space: The unlimited expanse in which everything is located. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • What is time? • Time: An indefinite period, a continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past. • How do you view time? Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit Link • Remember, right now you are… – Traveling around the Sun at 66,000 miles per hour. – We are also traveling around the spiral arm of the Milky Way Galaxy at 483,000 miles per hour. – And the Milky Way Galaxy is traveling through space at 1.3 million miles per hour. • Remember, right now you are… – Traveling around the Sun at 66,000 miles per hour. – We are also traveling around the spiral arm of the Milky Way Galaxy at 483,000 miles per hour. – And the Milky Way Galaxy is traveling through space at 1.3 million miles per hour. – We don’t feel it because were not changing directions or accelerating. • Remember, right now you are… – Traveling around the Sun at 66,000 miles per hour. – We are also traveling around the spiral arm of the Milky Way Galaxy at 483,000 miles per hour. – And the Milky Way Galaxy is traveling through space at 1.3 million miles per hour. – We don’t feel it because were not changing directions or accelerating. If we did… • Remember, right now you are… – Traveling around the Sun at 66,000 miles per hour. – We are also traveling around the spiral arm of the Milky Way Galaxy at 483,000 miles per hour. – And the Milky Way Galaxy is traveling through space at 1.3 million miles per hour. – We don’t feel it because were not changing directions or accelerating. If we did… Special Relativity: The laws of physics are equally valid in all frames of reference moving at a uniform velocity. The speed of light from a uniformly moving source is always the same, regardless of how fast or slow the source or its observer is moving. The theory has as consequences the relativistic mass increase of rapidly moving objects, the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction, time dilatation, and the principle of mass-energy equivalence. Special Relativity: The laws of physics are equally valid in all frames of reference moving at a uniform velocity. The speed of light from a uniformly moving source is always the same, regardless of how fast or slow the source or its observer is moving. The theory has as consequences the relativistic mass increase of rapidly moving objects, the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction, time dilatation, and the principle of mass-energy equivalence. • Special Relativity: – The theory has as consequences the relativistic mass increase of rapidly moving objects, the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction, time dilatation, and the principle of mass-energy equivalence. • Special Relativity: – The theory has as consequences the relativistic mass increase of rapidly moving objects, the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction, time dilatation, and the principle of mass-energy equivalence. Special Relativity: Thought Experiments learn more. http://aether.lbl.gov/www/classes/p139/exp/gedanken.html • Sir Isaac Newton could describe gravity but couldn’t explain it. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Sir Isaac Newton could describe gravity but couldn’t explain it. – For 200 years, science didn’t have an explanation for gravity until a clerk in a patent office in Switzerland named Albert Einstein… – Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Sir Isaac Newton could describe gravity but couldn’t explain it. – For 200 years, science didn’t have an explanation for gravity until a clerk in a patent office in Switzerland named Albert Einstein… – Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Sir Isaac Newton could describe gravity but couldn’t explain it. – For 200 years, science didn’t have an explanation for gravity until a clerk in a patent office in Switzerland named Albert Einstein… – Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Einstein also challenged the current view of time. – He contradicted the belief that time was universal. He believed time changed, and flowed like a river. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Einstein also challenged the current view of time. – He contradicted the belief that time was universal. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Einstein also challenged the current view of time. – He contradicted the belief that time was universal. He believed time changed, and flowed like a river. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Einstein also challenged the current view of time. – He contradicted the belief that time was universal. He believed time changed, and flowed like a river. Time changes with motion.. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity describes the motion of particles moving at close to the speed of light. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Special relativity describes how events look different to people in different places, or when at difference speeds. • Special relativity describes how events look different to people in different places, or when at difference speeds. – Except for events involving the speed of light in a vacuum. Things moving at the speed of light always move at the speed of light compared to you, no matter how fast you're moving. • Special relativity describes how events look different to people in different places, or when at difference speeds. – Except for events involving the speed of light in a vacuum. Things moving at the speed of light always move at the speed of light compared to you, no matter how fast you're moving. • Special relativity describes how events look different to people in different places, or when at difference speeds. – Except for events involving the speed of light in a vacuum. Things moving at the speed of light always move at the speed of light compared to you, no matter how fast you're moving. One of Theoretical Basis for Special Relativity One of Theoretical Basis for Special Relativity The speed of light is the same for all observers, no matter what their relative speeds. One of Theoretical Basis for Special Relativity The speed of light is the same for all observers, no matter what their relative speeds. You need to be in the environment you are observing (there are differences in behavior on Earth and in space). • Video Link! General Relativity • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30KfPtH ec4s “My apologies for the slightly inappropriate animations.” • Relativity helps explain the theory of gravity. • Relativity helps explain the theory of gravity. – It unifies special relativity, Newton’s view of gravity, mass-energy, and momentum. General relativity is a theory of the structure of spacetime. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit Link • The amount of energy in one gram of hydrogen atoms is equivalent to burning hundreds of thousands of gallons of gasoline according to E=mc² Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The amount of energy in one gram of hydrogen atoms is equivalent to burning hundreds of thousands of gallons of gasoline according to E=mc² Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The amount of energy in one gram of hydrogen atoms is equivalent to burning hundreds of thousands of gallons of gasoline according to E=mc² Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The amount of energy in one gram of hydrogen atoms is equivalent to burning hundreds of thousands of gallons of gasoline according to E=mc² Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The amount of energy in one gram of hydrogen atoms is equivalent to burning hundreds of thousands of gallons of gasoline according to E=mc² Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The amount of energy in one gram of hydrogen atoms is equivalent to burning hundreds of thousands of gallons of gasoline according to E=mc² Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • One glass of water has the energy equivalent of about 10 million gallons of gasoline. (Estimation) Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • One glass of water has the energy equivalent of about 10 million gallons of gasoline. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Reading Links, E=mc² – About Einstein: http://www.aip.org/history/einstein/great1.htm – About E=mc² : Same site – http://www.aip.org/history/einstein/emc1.htm Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Activity! Audio Link to many scientists describing E=mc² – Listen to three scientists and be ready to report what you learned. – Keyword: E=MC² will get you the address below. – http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/einstein/experts.ht ml ² • Questions • E=mc2 – A.) E = Energy measured in Kilograms, M = Mass measured in Joules, and C = The speed of light in a gas. – B.) E = Energy measured in Joules, M = Mass measured in Kilograms, and C = The speed of light in a vacuum (Meters / Sec.) – C.) E = Sun Energy, M = Motion of Particles, C = Constant of Space and Time. – D.) E = Einstein, M = Mechanical Constant J x K = P, C = 690,000 mph. – E.) None of the above. • Questions • E=mc2 – A.) E = Energy measured in Kilograms, M = Mass measured in Joules, and C = The speed of light in a gas. – B.) E = Energy measured in Joules, M = Mass measured in Kilograms, and C = The speed of light in a vacuum (Meters / Sec.) – C.) E = Sun Energy, M = Motion of Particles, C = Constant of Space and Time. – D.) E = Einstein, M = Mechanical Constant J x K = P, C = 690,000 mph. – E.) None of the above. • Questions • E=mc2 – A.) Energy is a term that has been around since the beginning of recorded history. – B.) Energy cannot be transferred between systems and surroundings. It can be created and destroyed. – C.) Energy comes in many forms, it can be transferred from one system to another. The basic unit of measurement for energy is the Joule. – D.) Energy was first described by Einstein at the Vienna conference in 1948. – E.) All of the above. • Questions • E=mc2 – A.) Energy is a term that has been around since the beginning of recorded history. – B.) Energy cannot be transferred between systems and surroundings. It can be created and destroyed. – C.) Energy comes in many forms, it can be transferred from one system to another. The basic unit of measurement for energy is the Joule. – D.) Energy was first described by Einstein at the Vienna conference in 1948. – E.) All of the above. • Questions • E=mc2 – A.) Mass is the same thing as weight. How heavy you are is exactly how much mass you have. – B.) Like energy, mass can easily be created or destroyed. – C.) Mass comes in many forms, it can be transferred from one system to another. The basic unit of measurement for mass is the newton. – D.) Mass is a measure of a bodies inertia / resistance to acceleration. It is the total amount of matter in an object. – E.) A and D. • Questions • E=mc2 – A.) Mass is the same thing as weight. How heavy you are is exactly how much mass you have. – B.) Like energy, mass can easily be created or destroyed. – C.) Mass comes in many forms, it can be transferred from one system to another. The basic unit of measurement for mass is the newton. – D.) Mass is a measure of a bodies inertia / resistance to acceleration. It is the total amount of matter in an object. – E.) A and D. • Questions from reading or in general. • E=mc2 – A.) The speed of light in a vacuum such as space is close to 186,300 miles per second or 300,000 km per second. – About seven times around the earth every second. – B.) The speed of light cannot be determined with any real accuracy. – C.) The speed of light is approximately 93,0000 miles per second. It takes light from the sun only one second to reach Earth. – D.) Einstein was the first scientist to propose the correct speed of light – E.) A and B. Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit Link • Learning some thermodynamics before we start environmental issues. • The energy on Earth comes from our sun. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Energy ––––- Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The ability to work. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • To cause something to move/change. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Energy is transferred but not created or destroyed. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Energy is lost in quality due to friction / force / heat. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy can be transformed (changed from one form to another), but it can neither be created nor destroyed. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy can be transformed (changed from one form to another), but it can neither be created nor destroyed. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy can be transformed (changed from one form to another), but it can neither be created nor destroyed. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy can be transformed (changed from one form to another), but it can neither be created nor destroyed. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy can be transformed (changed from one form to another), but it can neither be created nor destroyed. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Lunch in = High energy, Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Lunch in = High energy, Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Lunch in = High energy, • Lunch out = Low energy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Lunch in = High energy, • Lunch out = Low energy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy 2nd Law: The energy content of the universe is always diminishing in quality. - Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy 2nd Law: The energy content of the universe is always diminishing in quality. Heat Flow -> Warm to cold. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Electricity and Magnetism Review Game Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Areas of Focus within The Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit. There is no such thing as a free lunch, Matter, Dark Matter, Elements and Compounds, States of Matter, Solids, Liquids, Gases, Plasma, Law Conservation of Matter, Physical Change, Chemical Change, Gas Laws, Charles Law, Avogadro’s Law, Ideal Gas Law, Pascal’s Law, Viscosity, Archimedes Principle, Buoyancy, Seven Forms of Energy, Nuclear Energy, Electromagnet Spectrum, Waves / Wavelengths, Light (Visible Light), Refraction, Diffraction, Lens, Convex / Concave, Radiation, Electricity, Lightning, Static Electricity, Magnetism, Coulomb’s Law, Conductors, Insulators, Semi-conductors, AC and DC current, Amps, Watts, Resistance, Magnetism, Faraday’s Law, Compass, Relativity, Einstein, and E=MC2, Energy, First Law of Thermodynamics, Second Law of Thermodynamics, Third Law of Thermodynamics, Industrial Processes, Environmental Studies, The 4 R’s, Sustainability, Human Population Growth, Carrying Capacity, Green Design, Renewable Forms of Energy. Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit Link • This PowerPoint is one small part of my Matter, Energy and the Environment Unit. This unit includes… • Five Part 3,700+ Slide PowerPoint roadmap. • 14 Page bundled homework package, 20 pages of units notes that chronologically follow the PowerPoint. • 5 PowerPoint review games (150 slides each), video and academic links, follow along worksheets / lab sheets, rubrics, games, activity sheets, crosswords, and much more. • Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit Link • Please open the welcome / guide document on each unit preview. – This document will describe how to utilize these resources in your classroom and provide some curriculum possibilities. • Please visit the links below to learn more about each of the units in this curriculum and to see previews of each unit. – These units take me four busy years to complete with my students in grades 5-10. Earth Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide Geology Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Geology_Unit.html Astronomy Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Astronomy_Unit.html Weather and Climate Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Weather_Climate_Unit.html Soil Science, Weathering, More http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Soil_and_Glaciers_Unit.html Water Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Water_Molecule_Unit.html Rivers Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/River_and_Water_Quality_Unit.html = Easier 5th – 7th grade = More Difficult 6th – 8th grade = Most Difficult 8th – 10th grade Physical Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide Science Skills Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Science_Introduction_Lab_Safety_Metric_Methods. html Motion and Machines Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Newtons_Laws_Motion_Machines_Unit.html Matter, Energy, Envs. Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Energy_Topics_Unit.html Atoms and Periodic Table Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Atoms_Periodic_Table_of_Elements_Unit.html Life Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide Human Body / Health Topics http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Human_Body_Systems_and_Health_Topics_Unit.html DNA and Genetics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/DNA_Genetics_Unit.html Cell Biology Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Cellular_Biology_Unit.html Infectious Diseases Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Infectious_Diseases_Unit.html Taxonomy and Classification Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Taxonomy_Classification_Unit.html Evolution / Natural Selection Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Evolution_Natural_Selection_Unit.html Botany Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Plant_Botany_Unit.html Ecology Feeding Levels Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Feeding_Levels_Unit.htm Ecology Interactions Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Interactions_Unit.html Ecology Abiotic Factors Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Abiotic_Factors_Unit.html • Thank you for your time and interest in this curriculum tour. Please visit the welcome / guide on how a unit works and please link to the many unit previews to see the PowerPoint slideshows, bundled homework packages, review games, unit notes, and much more. Thank you again and please feel free to contact me with any questions you may have. Best wishes. • Sincerely, • Ryan Murphy M.Ed • www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com