Midterm review
AP World History
Ms. Heath
The Test
• 80 Multiple Choice Questions
– 20% Period 1 (14 questions)
– 20% Period 2
– 20% Period 3
– 40% Period 4 (38 questions)
• 20 Geography questions
• 1 Comparative Essay
Period 1
Technological and Environmental
Transformations
to c. 600 B.C.E.
Vocabulary (for the Midterm)
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Neolithic revolution
Sedentary
Domestication
Pastoral
Social hierarchy
Specialization
Social stratification
Period 1
OVERVIEW OF TOPICS
Topic of Period 1
• Paleolithic Age
• Neolithic Age
• Neolithic revolution
• River Valley Civilization
Paleolithic Age
• Foraging (hunter and gathering)
– Men hunting
– Women gathering
Neolithic Age
• Neolithic Revolution
– Development of agriculture
• Development
– Gradual process: happened in different areas
independently
Neolithic Age cont.
• Characteristic
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Required more work than foraging
Population growth
Permanent settlements (increase of diseases)
Domestication of plants and animals
• Effects
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Specialization of labor
Increase of population
Trade begins
Social Stratification
Development of Writing
River Valley Civilization
• River Valley civilizations
– Tigris and Euphrates River
• Mesopotamia (Sumerians) –earliest civilization
• Characteristics– Writing Cuneiform
– Ziggurats- building for worship (pyramid like)
– Patriarchal society
– Indus River (unpredictable flooding)
• Harappan
• Characteristics– Unable to read writing
– Laid cities in a precise grid like formation
– Decline unknown
River Valley civilizations cont
– Huang He River
• The Shang & Zhou dynasties
• Characteristics
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Isolated from the others
Oracle bones
Social stratification
Women subordinate to men
Zhou-mandate of heaven
– Nile River
• Egypt
• Characteristics
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Irrigation projects to water fields
Pharaoh- king of Egypt Social stratification
Writing –hieroglyphics
Build pyramids
Map of River Valley civilizations
Other items to know
• Relationship between writing and civilization
– Allowed for record keeping
– Organized governments
Review Questions!
1. The Neolithic Age
a) Saw the beginnings of urbanization
b) Saw the process of agriculture carried out
without the use of metal tools
c) Produced societies without class divisions
d) Saw a decline in global populations
e) Witnessed the end of nomadic societies
Review Questions
1. The development of agriculture caused
important changes in all of the following
EXCEPT
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
population size and life expectancy.
male-female relations.
the development of complex social patterns.
the stability of human settlements.
the tendency to believe in many gods.
Review Question
3. The Neolithic revolution occurred first in
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
India.
the Middle East.
China.
Egypt.
Central America.
Review Question
1. The Indus River valley civilization
a. Relied heavily on communal planning
b. Is best studied through its written records
c. Was isolated from other river valley civilizations
because of surrounding mountains
d. Declined after the arrival of Aryan invaders
e. Shared similar flood control concerns with the
Egyptians
Answer sheet
1.
2.
3.
4.
E
E
B
A
Period 2
Vocabulary
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Reincarnation
Missionary
Cultural diffusion
Patriarchy
Democracy
Monsoon
Social Hierarchy
Stratification
OVERVIEW OF PERIOD 2
Topic in Period 2
• Classical Civilizations
• Origins of World Religions
• Trade and interactions
Classical Civilization
• Classical China
– The Zhou
• Mandate of Heaven
• Centralized the government
– The Qin
• Came to power after the Era of Warring states
• Build the Great Wall
• Encouraged the manufacturing of Silk
– The Han
• Government bureaucracy grew stronger
• Traded along the silk road
• Expanded territory - recruited the local elite
• Classical India
– Monsoon controlled agriculture
– Mauryan
• Asoka
– Gupta
• Society: patriarchal
• Downfall: invasions
Classical Civilization cont.
• Classical Greece
– Government: City-state
• Classical Rome
– Fall: too large for government to control and invasions
– Characteristics
• Republic
• Empire: pax romana
• Conquering other: recruit local elites
• Persia
– Locations: in Anatolia and the fertile crescents
– Tolerance toward the customs of conquered people
• Americas
– Olmacs and Mayan
• No interaction with the western hemisphere
• Hellenistic Culture
– Alexander the Great
• Regions brought together by Alexander the Great: Middle East, Mediterranean
and south Asia
Religions
– Judaism
– Hinduism
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Belief system in India
No founder
Vedas- religious scriptures
Reincarnation
Trying to reach mosha
Caste system
– Buddhism
• Formed from Hinduism (also founded in India)
• Does not believe in the caste system
– Confucianism
• Found by confusion during the period of warring states in china
• Filial piety: patriarchal family -> respect for one’s elders and ancestors
– Daoism
• Also developed during the Era of warring states
– Christianity
• Also “people of the book”
• Believe that Jesus Christ is the massiah
Trade and interactions
• Silk Road
– Connected the Mediterranean with east Asia
• Indian Ocean trade
– The maritime trade route
• Trans-Saharan
– Connecting West Africa with North Africa
Indian Ocean and Silk Road
Review Questions
Review Questions
1. The Qin dynasty differed from the Zhou in
that
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
it lasted longer.
it was more centralized.
it was defeated by invading Huns.
it practiced Confucianism.
it eventually declined and fell.
Review Questions
1. The Persians
a. Were noted for their harsh treatment towards
conquered people
b. Continued the traditions of ancient
Mesopotamia
c. Introduced a new religion similar to the structure
of Hinduism
d. Failed to establish a unified empire
e. Focused on their commercial activity on trade
with china
Review Question
1. The Hellenistic empire of Alexander
a. Continued the competition with Persia begun under
the Greek poleis
b. Was successful in curbing foreign influence upon
Greece
c. Produced theories that accurately explained the
nature of the universe
d. Blended Mediterranean and the Middle Eastern
culture
e. Strengthened its hold upon the Mediterranean world
after Alexander’s death
Review Questions
1. Both Hinduism and Buddhism
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Supported the caste system
Revered women
Became increasing popular in India
All of the above
None of the above
Review Questions
1. The declining years of Han China and the
Roman Empire shared all of the following
EXCEPT
a. A decline in morality
b. Assimilation of invading peoples into imperial
culture
c. Unequal land distribution
d. Decline in trade
Review Questions
1. Indian Ocean trade
1. Flourished in spite of constant interferences from
nomadic tribe
2. Saw mariners utilize the geographic forces of the
Indian Ocean
3. Declined with the fall of classical empires
4. Failed to establish connections with land routes
5. Concentrated on trade among neighboring
people rather than long-distance trade
Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
B
B
D
E
C
B
Period 3
Vocabulary
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Mosque
Indigenous
Interregional
Feudalism
Serfs
Bureaucracy
Overview
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Rise and Spread of Islam
Expansion of China
Changes in European Institution
Trade
Americas
Rise and Spread of Islam
• Rise
– Origins: Muhammad
– Split between the sunni and shia
• Spread
– Through trade and military conquest
– Umayyad Caliphate
– Abbasid Caliphate
• Bagdad- downfall when city captured by the Mongols
Expansion of China
• Tang Dynasty
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Expanded the empire
Expanded the bureaucracy
Scholar-gently
Restricted the Buddhist monasteries
• Song Dynasty
– Civil service exams emphasized in gain government
posts
– Bureaucracy expanded
• Mongol invasion
– Restricted Chinese
– Chinese no longer able to participate in their
government
Changes in European Institution
• The Middle Ages
– Battle of Tours-prevents the Muslims from moving into Europe (Iberian
Continent becomes Islamic)
– Feudalism- political, economic and social system
• Serfs- bound to the land but were not slaves (can’t be bought or sold)
– Plague
• Disease that killed the majority of the European populations
• Effects: More jobs for peasant and craftspeople who were in scarce supply
– Crusades
• Christian campaigns trying to take back the holy land from the Muslims
• Opened Europe up to new contacts and ideas
• Byzantine Empire
– Acted as the trading center between Asia and Western Europe
– Interacts with the Slavs
• Slavic Homeland
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North of the byzantine Empire
Trades raw materials
Large homeland
Convert to Eastern orthodox
Trade
• Bantu Migrations
– Exchange of ideas, technology and language in subSaharan Africa through the migration of the Bantu
speaking peoples.
• Increase of trade
– Trade along the Swahili coast (connected to the red
sea, Indian Ocean and Arabian sea)
– Growth of cities by the increase of trade
– Mongol Empire control lands in which the silk road
pasted through and makes the silk road secure for
travelers
Americas
• Incas
– Located along the Western coast line of South
America
– Expanded through military conquest
• Aztecs
– Located in central Mexico
– Inherent customs from previous civilizations
– Expanded through military conquest
– Change their environment for their needs
Review Questions
Review Questions
• What was the most important "stepchild" of
the Byzantine civilization?
– A) the Middle East
– B) Russia
– C) Italy
– D) Poland
– E) Greece
Review Questions
• Which of the following statements concerning
the agricultural laborers of the medieval West is
NOT true?
– A) They were slaves.
– B) They received protection and the administration of
justice from their landlords.
– C) They were obligated to turn over part of their
goods to remain on the land.
– D) They retained essential ownership of their houses.
– E) They had heavy obligations to their lords.
Review Questions
• Which of the following was NOT a
characteristic of American civilizations during
the post-classic period?
– A) diverse civilizations
– B) elaborate cultural systems
– C) monotheism
– D) highly developed agriculture
– E) large cities based on elaborate political and
economic organization
Review Questions
• The bubonic plague changed the economic
relationship between the upper and lower classes
of Europe. This occurred because
– A. Jobs were plentiful and peasants and craftspeople
were in scarce supply
– B. There were fewer jobs because of the population
decline
– C. Nobles paid less because they needed less
– D. Nobles raised wages because the plague was a
warning sign from god.
Review Questions
• Of those listed below, which civilization
existed in the most complete state of isolation
in the period 600-1450?
– A. Ming China
– B. Delhi Sultanate
– C. Aztec Empire
– D. Carolingian France
– E. Kievan Rus
Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
B
A
A
A
Period 4
Vocabulary
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Columbian exchange
Renaissance
Plantations
Middle Passage
Mercantilist
Absolutist
Liberia
Peninsular
Matriarchal
Indigenous
Reconquista
Catholic Reformation
Enlightenment
Scientific Revolution
Isolationism
Jesuits
Overview
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Empires and other political system
Exchanges and trade
System of Slavery
Cultural and Intellectual Changes
Empires and other Political System
• Spain
– Spanish colonies (Caribbean, Central, Latin and South America)
– Colonized- created settlement. (little Spain)
– reconquista
• Portugal
– Colony- Brazil- plantations and port.
– Slave trade
• France
– Absolute monarchy
• England
– Parliamentary Monarchy
– Henry VIII- separated from the Roman Church –Anglican Church
• Russia
– Expanded territory (Eastern Europe to Eastern Asia)
– Peter and Catherine the Great- lead reforms to westernize part
of Russian culture
Empires and other Political System
• Ottoman
– Sunni Muslims
– Conquered Constantinople
– Thoughts on the west
• Mughals
– Located in India
– Thought on the west
– Accepting of Hinduism
• Ming
– Key feature
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Went into a state of isolationism
Confucian based bureaucracy
Expansion
Jesuit tried to convert Chinese
• Safavid
– Shi’a Muslim
– Thought on Europeans
Exchanges and trade
• Trading Companies
– Set up to help finance expeditions
• Columbian exchange
– Exchange of crops, animals and diseases between
Europe, Africa and the Americas
– European disease caused depopulation of the native
Americas
– New crops cause population increase in Europe
(potato)
• Triangular trade
– Europe sending manufactured good to Africa in
exchange for slave who were then sent to the
Americas for raw material which were sent to Europe
System of Slavery
• Beginnings
– European with new technologies started to trade and
establish forts along the west African coast line
– Slave trade had existed before but will become more
extreme
• Trans-Atlantic Trade
– European set up fort along the coast line.
– Native African kingdoms raid neighboring kingdoms
and tribe for slaves
– Slave traders preferred men than women
– Many slaves died during the “middle passage” – the
journey between Africa and Americas
Cultural and Intellectual Changes
• Reformation
– Started by Martin Luther (Germany)
– Split from the catholic church
• Catholic Reformation
– Roman Catholic church reactions to the reformation.
– Establish the Jesuit order
• Scientific Revolution
– New ideas about the natural word
– Established the tradition of seeking answers to question about nature
through the application of reason and methodical investigation of the
World
– Galileo
– Newton
• Enlightenment
– Inspired by the scientific Revolution
– Applied reason to the problems of human affairs and can be
understood .
Review Questions
Review Questions
• Which of the following represents a difference
between the origins of the Ottomans and the
Safavids?
– A) The Safavids originated from a Turkish nomadic
group.
– B) The Safavids represented a highly militant strain of
Islam.
– C) The Safavids represented the Shi'ite strain of Islam,
– D) The Safavids were of Chinese Origin.
– E) The Safavids were originally frontier warriors.
Review Questions
• What was the political impact of the presence of
Europeans on the African coast?
– A) State formation in Africa took place on the Indian Ocean
coast away from the trade routes established by the
Europeans.
– B) Strong centralized states began to form on the coastline
in close proximity to the European trade forts.
– C) Europeans immediately divided up the entire continent.
– D) States were more likely to form in the savanna regions
of Africa.
– E) West and central African kingdoms just inland from the
forts began to redirect their trade and expand their
influence.
Review Questions
• What was the primary difference between the Spanish and
Portuguese empires?
– A) The Portuguese treated their slaves better than did the
Spanish.
– B) Portuguese colonies lacked the bureaucratic structure that
characterized the Spanish colonies after the middle of the
sixteenth century.
– C) The Portuguese colony of Brazil was more intellectually
independent of the mother country than were the Spanish
colonies in Latin America.
– D) Portuguese colonies did not have the heavy influence of the
Catholic Church found in Spanish colonies.
– E) Unlike the Spanish empire that was almost exclusively
American, the Portuguese empire included colonies and
outposts in Asia and Africa as well as Brazil.
Review questions
• As part of the "Colombian Exchange," which of
the following was a European contribution to
the Americas.
– A) bullion
– B) potatoes
– C) disease
– D) corn
– E) raw materials
Review Questions
• What was the Western response to the problems of
international trade that they experienced in 1400?
– A) Western nations began explorations of alternative
routes to Asia that would bypass the Middle East and
Muslim realms.
– B) Western nations halted trade with Asia and the East and
became more dependent on European-produced
commodities.
– C) They began to pull back from all but regional trade.
– D) Many nations sought to establish alliances with the
Ottoman Empire in order to restore the trade routes.
– E) Overland trade routes through northern Russia were
established to the East.
Answer Key
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1. c
2. e
3. e
4. c
5.a