The Duel for North America
Chapter 6
American Pageant, 13th. ed
Remember…
 3 points of European
contact in North America
 France (Quebec, Canada)
 Spain (Southwest &
Florida)
 England (Eastern seaboard)
Les français
 Louis XIV leads imperial
charge for land in the New
World
 Samuel de Champlain
settled area in New France
(Canada) at Quebec (1608)
 Economically relied on fur
trade; made nice with
Native American tribes
except Iroquois
http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/ENGLISH/exhibits/franco_ontarian/pics/146
66_champlain_770.jpg
The French enter the picture
•French control
descended into Ohio
River Valley and led to
the founding many
familiar places:
•Louisiana (territory)
•Detroit
•Des Moines
•St. Louis
•Baton Rouge
•New Orleans
http://www.quebecoislibre.org/06/060319map.jpg
French & British tensions escalate
 In Europe & Canada fighting erupted between Fr. & GB (late
1600s)
 King Williams’ War
 Queen Anne’s War
 Spain took France’s side, in Europe & later America
 Both Britain & France had Indian tribes on their side in
Canada & America; colonists backed Britain (that’s right)
 Britain will gain upper hand & trade with Spanish in America
& Caribbean
War of Jenkin’s Ear 1739-1748
 British Captain Robert
Jenkins’ ship boarded by
Spanish guard (revenue
authority)
 Jenkins’ ear severed & war
began between Britain &
Spain; fought in Caribbean &
Georgia
 Turned into King George’s
War (War of Austrian
succession)
 Colonists invade New France
b/c France backed Spain
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/War_of_Jenkins'_Ear_
map-fr.svg/484px-War_of_Jenkins'_Ear_map-fr.svg.png
http://www.ambrosevideo.com/resources/documents/116.jpg
Tensions grow (again) between Britain
& France
 Conflict directly over Ohio
Valley
 Virginian colonists had
“rights” to this land (from
Britain); expected to
expand
 French had already started
building forts along Ohio
River (PA to IL)
 21-year old George
Washington & small
Virginia militia head for
disputed area near Fort
Duquesne (map, pg. 112)
 Washington defeated at
Fort Necessity (7/4/1754)
 “It’s mine.” “No, it’s mine!”
http://images.virtualology.com/images/860.jpg
Seven Years’ War, 1756-1763
 Ignited by Washington’s
defeat at Ft. Necessity
 Primarily fought in Europe
 Extended into colonial
holdings (Africa, West
Indies)
 Britain & Prussia vs.
France, Spain, Austria &
Russia
French & Indian War, 1754-1763
 Albany Congress formed in
America (by order of
Britain)
 7/13 colonies attended;
let’s play nice with Iroquois
Indians
 Attempt at unity “Join or
die” (Ben Franklin)
 Proposed home rule for
colonies
 Britain nor colonies were
ready for that
http://updatecenter.britannica.com/eb/image?binaryId=13582&rendTypeId=4
French & Indian War, 1754-1763
 British General Edward
“Bulldog” Braddock came
to colonies
 Tried to take Fort
Duquesne with
Washington; failed
against French & Indians;
Braddock killed,
Washington promoted
http://www.americanrevolution.com/images/BattleofFortDuquesne.jpg
Ending the French & Indian War
 British General William
Pitt focused on New
France (Louisbourg,
Quebec, Montreal) &
won
 Treaty of Paris (1763)
ended war
 French lost New
France & Ohio Valley
 Spain lost Florida, but
retained Cuba
 France ceded Louisiana
to Spain for helping
Land ceded to Britain from
France
http://www.historicaldocuments.com/TreatyofParis1763Map.gif
Ending the French & Indian War
 Great Britain emerged as
 Colonists want to move
“THE” power in North
America; colonists get
pumped!!!
 Native Americans lost
French & Spanish allies
 Ohio Valley: Chief
Pontiac (Ottawa tribe)
w/French fur traders led
raids on British to no
avail
West; British issue
Proclamation of 1763
 No Westward expansion
past Appalachians
 Colonists see this as more
rules to follow
 What will happen
next…hmmm.