Art and Literature
Millie Chang
Camille Vistica
Katie Egolf
AP Euro 4*
Semester 1
Recovery and Rebirth: The Age of the Renaissance
More Review? Check out Page 354-355
Literature
• Humanism: intellectual movement of the study of classical literary
works. (ex: poetry, poetry, philosophy, etc...)
• Liberal studies: influenced by the liberal arts; key to freeing a man
by allowing him to reach his full potential (ex: letters, poetry,
eloquence, moral philosophy, history, etc…)
• Gucciardini in his History of Italy stated that purpose of writing
history is to teach lessons and analyze political situations by
secularizing history.
• Leonardo Bruni wrote History of the Florentine People which
emphasized secularization in history by stripping away divine
intervention.
• Printing Press: Gutenberg's invention of printing with moveable
type which promoted reading (literature) and the thirst for
knowledge.
Recovery and Rebirth: The Age of the Renaissance
More Review? Check out Page 355-357
Early Renaissance Art
• Emphasis on the mathematical side of painting
proportion, organization using geometry,
• Realistic portrayals of the human body (including
nudes)
• Realistic relationship between
figures/background (three dimensional visual
representation)
• Architecture was inspired by Roman antiquity.
Domes, arches, columns replaced the traditional
Gothic style.
Recovery and Rebirth: The Age of the Renaissance
Sandro Botecelli’s Primavera
Donato Donatello’s David
Recovery and Rebirth: The Age of the Renaissance
Massacio’s Tribute Money (above) and Holy Trinity with
the Virgin (below)
Brunelleschi’s
Duomo (right)
and the
interior of the
Church of San
Lorenzo
(bottom right)
Recovery and Rebirth: The Age of the Renaissance
More Review? Check out Page 358-360
High Renaissance Art
• New techniques involving scientific observations
• Center of Renaissance shifted to Rome
• Dominated by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and
Michelangelo.
Primary Source #1 *** “Occasionally…, a single person is
marvelously endowed by heaven with beauty, grace,
and talent in such abundance that he leaves other
men far behind… An artist who displayed infinite
grace and cultivated his genius so brilliantly.”
–Giorgio Vasari on da Vinci (Lives of the Artists) ***
• Stressed the tradition of details (dissecting human bodies!)
Perfectly proportioned and 3D.
Recovery and Rebirth: The Age of the Renaissance
Leonardo da Vinci’s
Vitruvian Man (left,)
Mona Lisa (right,) and
The Last Supper
(below.)
Recovery and Rebirth: The Age of the Renaissance
Left: Raphael’s School
of Athens
Right: Michelangelo’s
David
Below: Michelangelo’s
Ceiling of the Sistine
Chapel
Recovery and Rebirth: The Age of the Renaissance
More Review? Check out Page 361-362
Northern Renaissance Art
• Gothic cathedrals/stained glass windows
• DETAIL (due to limited space and great care)
• Imitated nature by details not perspective
• Oil painting (variety of colors)
Recovery and Rebirth: The Age of the Renaissance
Left Side: Albrecht Durer’s The
Adoration of the Magi
Right Side: Jan Van Eyck’s
Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride
Recovery and Rebirth: The Age of the Renaissance
More Review? Check out Page 362
• Music
• Guillame Dufay  change in contribution to
mass; secular tunes replacing Gregorian chants
• Music used to be used chiefly in the service of
God. However, it had moved become more
secular
• Madrigal: 12 line poems written in the vernacular
and set to music; 5-6 voices; “text painting”
(portray literal meaning of the text)
Reformation and Religious Warfare in the Sixteenth Century
More Review? See page 374-375
• The Northern Renaissance affected the ideas of humanism.
• Northern humanists had a knowledge of the classics that
made them want to return to the writings on antiquity.
• Their focus was on early religion – which was important to
their reform program.
• A very important northern humanist was Erasmus. He was
preoccupied with religion. He re-wrote the new Testament
in a Latin translation. He wrote the famous Praise of Folly.
• Another humanist was Thomas More. His most famous
work was Utopia, a masterpiece on the account of an
idealistic life. It reflected his ideas on politics, economics,
and social problems.
Europe and the New World: New Encounters, 1500-1800
More Review? Check out pages 414 and 431
-Obviously, the artwork and literature
during this time period revolved around the
expansion and exploration of the
adventurers.
-The Port of Lisbon by Theodore de Bry
depicts the harbor and the ships with the
lateen sails.
-The Portuguese Arriving at Nagasaki is a
piece of artwork that shows how the
Portuguese accidentally landed in Japan.
The eventually were arriving regularly and
participated in a regional trading network
with Japan, China, and Southeast Asia. (see
left)
Europe and the New World: New Encounters, 1500-1800
More Review? Check out the yellow primary sources excerpts
• Oftentimes, explorers kept journals to keep
track of their discoveries. Afonso de
Albuquerque wrote what was later turned into
The Commentaries of the Great Afonso de
Albuquerque. Bartolome de Las Casa wrote
The Tears of the Indians.
Mannerism
• Replaced Renaissance art in Italy starting in 1520s-1530s
• Very dramatic, emotional, intense, unproportional, and religiously
based-the opposite of previous styles
Laocoön by El Greco(1541-1614)
-Elongated and distorted figures
-Yellow and green against eerie
background intend to draw deep
emotions
Baroque
Combination of the Renaissance and revival of religious devotion
from the Reformation
-Dramatic-Magnificent-Detailed-Search for Power-Sensuous-
• Supplanted Mannerism in the late 1500s in Italy and
eventually spread throughout Europe and to Latin America
• Fully accepted by the Catholic courts, especially those of the
Habsburgs in Madrid, Prague, Vienna and Brussels
• Resisted in France, England and the Netherlands
• Peter Paul Rubens 1577-1640 The Landing of Medici at Marseilles
• Artemisia Gentileschi 1593-1653 Judith Beheading Holofernes
• Gian Lorenzo Bernini 1593-1680 Ecstasy of St. Theresa & Throne of
St. Peter
-Throne of
Saint Peter
(left)
-Ecstasy of
Saint Teresa
(bottom)
-Both by
Bernini
Judith Beheading Holofernes
By Gentileschi
The Landing of
Marie de’ Medici
and Marseilles by
Rubens
French Classicism
Dutch Realism
• Overtook Italy as leader of •
culture roughly in the
second half of the 17th
century
•
• Emphasized simplicity,
clarity, harmony, balance,
much like the High
Renaissance, much the
opposite of Baroque
•
• The change in artistic style
reflected the change in
politics, from chaos to
order
• Grandeur still existed in
portrayal of nobles
Paintings of everyday,
secular activities & selfportraits
Judith Leyster-(c. 16091660) had her own career
and was the first female
member of Guild of St.
Luke. Self-portrait-left
Rembrandt Van Rijn-(16091669) very popular
because of his early
paintings, as he aged, he
began depicting bible
scenes and lost support.
Syndics of the Cloth Guild
-right
Literature and Theatre of the 1600s
Lit.
-Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes demonstrated his beliefs about
the selfish, nasty nature of human beings
-Two Treatise of Government by John Locke explained his
ideas that people possess natural rights-life, liberty and property
Theatre
-Performing arts flourished all through Europe
– In England, through the works of William Shakespeare, in Spain
through Lope de Vega and in France through Jean-Baptiste Racine and
Jean-Baptiste Molière
– English and Spanish theatres were affordable enough for common
citizens to attend
– French playwrights were normally for the elite
Primary Source #2-William
Shakespeare
• William Shakespeare was a famous playwright who used his
versatile skills to reflect the English people during the
Elizabethan era. This is shown in Richard II“This blessed plot, this earth, this real, this England/This nurse, this
teeming womb of royal kings/Feared by their breed and famous by their
birth/ Renowned for their deeds as far from home,”
Literature during the Scientific Revolution
During the scientific revolution, literature revolved around science
and philosophy due to current events of the time period.
Title of Book
Author
1-On the Revolutions of the Heavenly
1-Nicolaus Copernicus
Spheres
2-The Starry Messenger
2-Galileo
3-Dialogue on the Two Chief World
3-Galileo
Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican
4-Principia
4-Newton
5-On the Fabric of the Human Body
5-Vesalius
6-On the Motion of the Heart and Blood
6-William Harvey
7-Observations upon Experimental
7-Margaret Cavendish
Philosophy
8-Grounds of Natural Philosophy
8-Maragret Cavendish
9-Metamorphosis of the Insects of Surinam
9-Maria Merian
10-Discourse on Method
10-Descartes
11-Pensées
11-Pascal
Rococo in the Enlightenment
•
•
•
•
•
Arose in the 1730s
Gentle and graceful
Often pictured nature
Wispy and light brush strokes give a soft feel to paintings
The topics of love and happiness dominated this form of
art
• Antoine Watteau painted with the Rococo style
Return From Cythera- Antoine Watteau
The Swing-Antoine Watteau
Neoclassicism
-Dominated the
seventeenth and still largely popular
-Emerged in France in the late eighteenth century
-Influenced by the simplicity of ancient Greece and Rome
Jaques-Louis
David-Death of
Marat(left)
Journalist Jean-Paul
Marat, shortly after
being
murdered by MarieAnne Charlotte
Corday who
was later executed
Three Horatius brothers swore an oath before their
father to pledge their lives to their country
Literature & Romanticism
• The Novel- developed in further in the eighteenth century.
• The English established the modern novel
• Novelists
-Samuel Richardson Pamela/ Virtue Rewarded
-Henry Fielding The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling
• There was an expansion in the reading public and publishing
• Magazines and newspapers were popular at this time as well
• Romanticism stressed that knowledge should come from emotions,
intuition and imagination instead of from reason
Primary Source #3
The Frenchman, Rousseau was known as the father of
romanticism yet he also had political ideas which were very
controversial.
“How to find a form of association which will defend the person and
goods of each member with the collective force of all, and under which
each individual, while uniting himself with others, obeys no one but
himself and remains as free as before.” This is the fundamental problem
to which the social contract holds the solution…-The Social Contract
Trivia!
Pay attention and raise your hand to try and
get a prize! 
-Name two works of art by Sandro Bottecelli
• Two works of art by Botticelli are:
• Primavera and Birth of Venus
• Emphasis on the mathematical side of painting
proportion, organization using geometry,
• Realistic portrayals of the human body (including
nudes)
• Realistic relationship between
figures/background (three dimensional visual
representation)
• Name and artist of:
• Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa
• New techniques involving scientific
observations
• Center of Renaissance shifted to Rome
• Dominated by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael,
and Michelangelo.
___________Art
• Gothic cathedrals/stained glass windows
• DETAIL (due to limited space and great care)
• Imitated nature by details not perspective
• Oil painting (variety of colors)
• Fill in the blank!
Northern Renaissance Art
• Gothic cathedrals/stained glass windows
• DETAIL (due to limited space and great care)
• Imitated nature by details not perspective
• Oil painting (variety of colors)
• What is mannerism and who
was a mannerism artist?
• Replaced Renaissance art in Italy starting in
1520s-1530s
• Very dramatic, emotional, intense,
unproportional, and religiously based-the
opposite of previous styles
• Laocoön by El Greco
• Type of art?
• Definition: Combination of the
Renaissance and revival of religious
devotion from the Reformation
• Baroque art
• Examples: Peter Paul Rubens 1577-1640 The
Landing of Medici at Marseilles
• Artemisia Gentileschi 1593-1653 Judith
Beheading Holofernes
• Gian Lorenzo Bernini 1593-1680 Ecstasy of St.
Theresa & Throne of
St. Peter
Dutch Realism
French Classicism
• Overtook Italy as leader of •
culture roughly in the
second half of the 17th
century
•
• Emphasized simplicity,
clarity, harmony, balance,
much like the High
Renaissance, much the
opposite of Baroque
•
• The change in artistic style
reflected the change in
politics, from chaos to
order
• Grandeur still existed in
portrayal of nobles
Paintings of everyday,
secular activities & selfportraits
Judith Leyster-(c. 16091660) had her own career
and was the first female
member of Guild of St.
Luke. Self-portrait-left
Rembrandt Van Rijn-(16091669) very popular
because of his early
paintings, as he aged, he
began depicting bible
scenes and lost support.
Syndics of the Cloth Guild
TRUE OR
FALSE?
French Classicism
Dutch Realism
• Overtook Italy as leader of •
culture roughly in the
second half of the 17th
century
•
• Emphasized simplicity,
clarity, harmony, balance,
much like the High
Renaissance, much the
opposite of Baroque
•
• The change in artistic style
reflected the change in
politics, from chaos to
order
• Grandeur still existed in
portrayal of nobles
Paintings of everyday,
secular activities & selfportraits
Judith Leyster-(c. 1609- •
1660) had her own career
and was the first female •
member of Guild of St.
Luke. Self-portrait-left
Rembrandt Van Rijn-(16091669) very popular
because of his early
paintings, as he aged, he
began depicting bible
scenes and lost support.
Syndics of the Cloth Guild
FALSE
(column
names
should
have been
switched
in previous
slide!)
•Who was a main
painter of the
neoclassical era?
•Jaques-Louis DavidDeath of Marat
• What art movement are these paintings from?
• Rococo
•
•
•
•
Arose in the 1730s
Gentle and graceful
Often pictured nature
Wispy and light brush strokes give a soft feel to
paintings
• The topics of love and happiness dominated this
form of art
• Antoine Watteau painted with the Rococo style
•Give two facts about
novels. (hint* think
about the
literature/romanticism
slide)
• The Novel- developed in further in the eighteenth century.
• The English established the modern novel
• Novelists
-Samuel Richardson Pamela/ Virtue Rewarded
-Henry Fielding The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling
• There was an expansion in the reading public and
publishing
• Magazines and newspapers were popular at this time as
well
• Romanticism stressed that knowledge should come from
emotions, intuition and imagination instead of from reason