The Microcirculation Figure 16-1; Guyton and Hall Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc. Structure of Capillary Wall Figure 16-2; Guyton and Hall Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc. Interstitium and Interstitial Fluid Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc. Figure 16-4; Guyton and Hall Determinants of Net Fluid Movement across Capillaries Figure 16-5; Guyton and Hall • Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)-tends to force fluid outward through the capillary membrane. • Interstitial fluid pressure (Pif)- opposes filtration when value is positive. Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc. Determinants of Net Fluid Movement across Capillaries Figure 16-5; Guyton and Hall • Plasma colloid osmotic pressure ( c)- opposes filtration causing osmosis of water inward through the membrane • Interstitial fluid colloid pressure ( if) promotes filtration by causing osmosis of fluid outward through the membrane NP = Pc - c - Pif + if Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc. Plasma Proteins and Colloid Osmotic Pressure • 75% of the total colloid osmotic pressure of plasma results from the presence of albumin and 25% is due to globulins. Albumin Globulins Fibrinogen Total Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc. gm/dl 4.5 2.5 0.3 7.3 p(mmHg) 21.8 6.0 0.2 28.0 Determinants of Net Fluid Movement Across Capillaries Figure 16-5; Guyton and Hall • Filtration rate = net filtration pressure (NFP) multiplied by the filtration coefficient • Filtration coefficient (Kf) is a product of surface area times the hydraulic conductivity of membrane Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc. Forces Causing Filtration at the Arteriole End of the Capillary mmHg Forces tending to move fluid outward: Capillary pressure Negative interstitial free fluid pressure Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure TOTAL OUTWARD FORCE 30 3 8 41 Forces tending to move fluid inward: Plasma colloid osmotic pressure TOTAL INWARD FORCE 28 28 Summation of forces: Outward Inward NET OUTWARD FORCE 41 28 13 Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc. Forces Causing Reabsorption at the Venous End of the Capillary mmHg Forces tending to move fluid inward: Plasma colloid osmotic pressure TOTAL INWARD FORCE Forces tending to move fluid outward: Capillary pressure Negative interstitial free fluid pressure Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure TOTAL OUTWARD FORCE Summation of forces: Outward Inward NET INWARD FORCE Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc. 28 28 10 3 8 21 21 28 7 Net Starling Forces in Capillaries Mean forces tending to move fluid outward: Mean Capillary pressure Negative interstitial free fluid pressure Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure TOTAL OUTWARD FORCE mmHg 17.3 3.0 8.0 28.3 Mean force tending to move fluid inward: Plasma colloid osmotic pressure TOTAL INWARD FORCE 28.0 28.0 Summation of mean forces: Outward Inward NET OUTWARD FORCE 28.3 28.0 0.3 Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc. Net Starling Forces in Capillaries Figure opener; Guyton and Hall • Net filtration pressure of .3 mmHg which causes a net filtration rate of 2ml/min for entire body. Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc. Question Utilizing the data below, calculate the rate of net fluid movement across the capillary wall: Pressures (in mmHg) Plasma colloid osmotic = 20 Capillary hydrostatic = 20 Venous hydrostatic = 5 Arterial = 80 Interstitial hydrostatic = -5 Interstitial colloid osmotic = 5 Filtration coefficient = 10 ml/min/mmHg a. 0 ml/min d. 100 ml/min (Reabsorption) b. 10 ml/min (Filtration) e. 10 ml/min (Reabsorption) c. 100 ml/min (Filtration) Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc. Lymphatic System Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc. Determinants of Lymph Flow Figure 16-11; Guyton and Hall • The degree of activity of the lymphatic pump - smooth muscle filaments in lymph vessel cause them to contract - external compression also contributes to lymphatic pumping Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc. Determinants of Lymph Flow Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure Lymph Flow Figure 16-9; Guyton and Hall Figure 16-10; Guyton and Hall Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.