Biotechnology
Biotech
• Use of living systems and organisms to
develop or make useful products
Biotech
• Determining sex
• Forensic/identity testing
• Prenatal diagnostic
screening
• Risk of developing adultonset cancers
• Predicting adult-onset
disorders.
Biotech
• Today in our lab, biotech in action……………..
Blood Typing
• A blood type (also called a blood group) is a
classification of blood based on the presence
or absence of antigenic substances on the
surface of red blood cells (RBCs)
Blood Typing
• An antigen is a substance or molecule that,
when introduced into the body, triggers the
production of an antibody by the immune
system.
Blood typing
• Antibody: a protein used by the immune
system to identify and neutralize foreign
objects like bacteria and viruses
• Each antibody recognizes a specific antigen
unique to its target
Blood Typing
• antigens are bacteria or virus that can cause
an illness
• antibodies are part of the immune system and
identify and fight against the foreign bacteria
Blood Typing
• There are two different types of antigen
– type "A"
– type "B“
• The ABO blood type classification system
uses the presence or absence of these
molecules to categorize blood into four types:
Blood Typing
• ABO blood group system
– The ABO system is the most important blood-group
system in human-blood transfusion
A
B
AB
O
Blood Typing
• Examples:
– Blood Group A
• If you belong to the blood group A, you have A antigens
on the surface of your red blood cells and B antibodies
in your blood plasma
Blood Typing
• Examples:
– Blood Group B
• If you belong to the blood group B, you have B antigens
on the surface of your red blood cells and A antibodies
in your blood plasma
Blood Typing
• Examples:
– Blood Group AB
• If you belong to the blood group AB, you have both A
and B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells
and no A or B antibodies in your blood plasma.
Blood Typing
• Examples:
– Blood Group O
• If you belong to the blood group O, you have neither A
or B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells
and but you have both A and B antibodies in your
blood plasma
• How can you tell if antigens are present?
• Agglutination is the clumping of particles.
The clumping together of red blood cells
usually in response to a particular
antigen ( virus or bacteria).
Blood Type
• Eldon Card for testing blood type
• The Agglutinated circle shows you what blood type you are.
• Blood group A
• No agglutination
*With agglutination
Blood Typing
• Blood types are inherited and represent
contributions from both parents
Blood Typing
• Rh blood group system
• The Rh system is the second most significant
blood-group system in human-blood
transfusion
• 1937 –Rhesus monkeys
Blood Typing
• Have the antigen Rh +
• Don’t have the antigen Rh –
•
Important?
» Erythroblastosis fetalis
Biotech
• Gel Electrophoresis
– a process which enables the sorting of molecules
based on size
Biotech
• Reading and autoradiograph
– Who done it?
Biotech
• Reading and autoradiograph
– Paternity testing
Biotech
Reading and autoradiograph
(Suspect 2 is guilty)
Biotech
Reading and autoradiograph