From Gene to Protein
DNA Review
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Is made of nucleotides.
Contains deoxyribose sugar
Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine
Is a double stranded molecule.
Example: A A T G G C T A T A C C G
RNA Review
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Is made of nucleotides.
Contains ribose sugar
Replaces Thymine with the base Uracil.
Is a single stranded molecule.
Example: A A U G G C U A U A C C G
What is the JOB of RNA?
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To assist in the synthesis of proteins.
ENGAGE:
Proteins, Proteins, Proteins!!!
What’s the deal with proteins?
Explore 1:
Banana Split Lab
(Transcription, Translation)
Explore 2
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Designer Babies
Explain:
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Amino Acids – the building blocks of
proteins.
Many amino acids linked together make
up the many different proteins in our
body.
DNA contains the code for these
proteins and RNA’s assemble the parts.
Protein Synthesis: overview
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Transcription:
synthesis of RNA
under the direction of
DNA (mRNA)
Translation:
actual synthesis
of a polypeptide under
the direction of mRNA
Transcription, Translation
RNA Getting Ready to Do its Job
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There is NOT just one RNA molecule!!!!
THERE ARE THREE!!!
3 types of RNA molecules:
1. Messenger RNA (m-RNA)
2. Transfer RNA (t-RNA)
3. Ribosomal RNA (r-RNA)
Each RNA molecule has a specific job in
making a protein
m-RNA
(Transcribes the DNA)
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Messenger RNA copies the code for a protein
from DNA.
This is called TRANSCRIPTION
(Only Occurs INSIDE of the Nucleus of a Cell)
Takes code to the ribosome where the protein
will be made.
m-RNA is divided into smaller units called
CODONS.
What is a Codon?
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Codon - series of
3-nucleotide
‘words’ found on the
mRNA for ONE
amino acid
The genetic
instructions are
‘written’ in the DNA
as a triplet code
Translation NOW Occurs
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Translation
– Interpretation or Decoding of the protein
code from DNA
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Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
NOT THE NUCLEUS
Involves mRNA, as well as,
tRNA and rRNA
t-RNA, Slide 1
(Transfer RNA)
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Carries the specific amino acid to the
ribosome.
Each t-RNA will hook up with a codon.
One or more t-RNA for each amino acid.
Attach to the codon and have an area
called an ANTI-CODON.
tRNA, Slide 2
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The three letter
code on the tRNA is
called an
Anticodon
This code translates
what amino acid
should be made
Translation Summary
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mRNA from nucleus is
‘read’ along its codons
by tRNA’s anticodons at
the ribosome in the
cytoplasm
tRNA
anticodon
(nucleotide triplet);
brings ONE
amino acid
Ribosomes and
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
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Ribosomes
– Protein factories
– Only Non-membrane bound organelle
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rRNA
– What makes up the ribosomes of the cell.
– Found in high concentration in the
nucleolus of the cell’s nucleus.
mRNA, tRNA and the ribosome
Working Together
Elaborate: Codon Table Activity
Elaborate
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DNA Article with Codon Table
Guided Practice using the Codon Table
Building a Protein Synthesis
Manipulative
Sequencing Race Begins
Evaluate