Gilberto ELBAZ
Criminological Theories
Criminological Theories, con’t
• Emile Durkheim’s heritage
• Parsons’s school:
– Robert K. Merton, 1938
– Edward Sutherland, 1949
Criminological Theories, con’t
• Marxist School, 1970s
– Robert Chambliss, 1975
– Richard Quinney, 1977
Criminological Theories, con’t
• Post-structuralist school
•
Michel Foucault, 1970s
•
Feminist Theory, 1970s
Chicago school, cont’d
• The Gang (1927) by Frederick Thrasher
Chicago school, cont’d
• Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay's
Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas
(1942)
Chicago school, cont’d
• Henry Barett Chamberlin
Chicago school, cont’d
• 1919 Prohibition Act
Chicago school, cont’d
• The Wickersham Commission was
created between 1929 and 1931
Functionalist school
• Parsonian school Talcott Parsons
(1905-1979, Harvard University)
attempted to integrate Emile Durkheim’s
and Max Weber’s approaches
Functionalist school
• anomie
Crime was
therefore
seen as
an inconsistency
(or anomie) between
three
Crime
was
seen
as
inconsistency
(or either
anomie)
parameters,values,
values, institutions
and roles.
between
institutions
and roles.
Functionalist school
• Robert K. Merton (1938)
– "social structure and anomie"
Functionalist school
• Conformity
• individuals accept both means and ends
• Innovation
• deviant behavior to achieve goals (cheating)
Functionalist school
• Ritualism
• giving up on goals, lower goals, keeping
means, bureaucrat.
• Retreatism
• giving up both on goals and means: homeless.
• Rebellion
• giving up both on goals and means, replacing
them by others. Social movements.
Edwin Sutherland (1883-1950)
Gabriel Tarde's concept of imitation
The Chicago school concept of social disorganization
George Herbert Mead's concept of meaning in social
interaction.
Edwin Sutherland (1883-1950)
• differential association
Edwin Sutherland (1883-1950)
• The Professional Thief (1937)
Edwin Sutherland (1883-1950)
• differential social disorganization
Edwin Sutherland (1883-1950)
• White Collar Crime" (1949
Edwin Sutherland (1883-1950)
• American Sugar Refining, American
Tobacco, Armor, Dupont, Ford, General
Electric, General Motors, Gamble,
Warner Bros., and Woolworth.
Marxist approaches to crime
• William Chambliss (Toward a Political
Economy of Crime, 1975 )
Marxist approaches to crime
• 1978 and 1981 called ‘organized crime’
and ‘From Petty Crooks to Presidents”
Marxist approaches to crime
• Richard Quinney (1977)
Marxist approaches to crime
• Melossi and Pavarini (Prison and the
Factory, 1981
Feminist theories of crime
• Kathleen Daly and Meda Chesney-lind,
1988
Feminist theories, con ’t
•
•
•
•
Liberal feminism
Marxist feminism
Radical feminism
Socialist feminism
Post-Marxist approaches
• Michel Foucault
– Post-structuralism