REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
&
İstanbul
MUSTAFA KEMAL
ATATURK (1881-1938)
ATATURK FOUNDED THE
REPUBLIC OF TURKEY IN 1923
He made many reforms and tried Turkey
to integrate the Europe and world.
He reconstructed all the educational,
juridical and political base of Turkey.
TURKEY IS A PARLIAMENTARY
REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY
Turkey is a secular state with no
official religion
Islam is the dominant religion of Turkey
There are about 120,000 Christians, including an
estimated 80,000 Oriental Orthodox,35,000 Roman
Catholics, 5,000 Greek Orthodox and smaller
numbers of Protestants, and about 26,000 people
who are Jewish
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE: TURKISH
CAPITAL CITY: ANKARA
THE MOST CROWDED CITY: ISTANBUL
The other big cities are :
İzmir
Bursa
Adana
Konya
Antalya
Turkey is bordered by eight countries:
BULGARIA- GREECE-GEORGIA-ARMENIAAZERBAIJAN-IRAN-IRAQ-SYRIA
THE FOUR SEAS
MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
AEGEAN SEA,
BLACK SEA
THE SEA OF MARMARA
POPULATION
74,724,269
TURKEY ACCEPTED LATIN ALPHABET
IN 1928
TURKEY ABOLISHED POLYGAMY IN
1926
TURKEY DOES NOT HAVE CAPITAL
PUNISHMENT
CURRENCY
TURKISH LIRA
NOW TURKEY IS A CANDIDATE COUNTRY
IN THE MEMBERSHIP OF EUROPEAN
UNION
İSTANBUL
 Istanbul is the largest city
in Turkey constituting the
country's economic, cultural,
and historical heart. With a
population of 13.5 million,
the city is among the largest
cities in the world.
 Istanbul is a transcontinental
city, straddling
the Bosphorus—one of the
world's busiest waterways—
in northwestern Turkey,
between the Sea of
Marmara and the Black Sea.
 Its commercial and
historical center lies in
Europe, while a third of its
population lives in Asia.
 The population of the city
has increased tenfold since
the 1950s, as migrants
from across Anatolia have
come to the metropolis .
 Founded in around 660 BC
as Byzantium, the city now
known as Istanbul
developed to become one
of the most significant
cities in history. For nearly
sixteen centuries following
its reestablishment
as Constantinople in 330
AD, it served as the capital
of four empires:
the Roman Empire,
the Byzantine Empire,
the Latin Empire, and
the Ottoman Empire.
 Seven million foreign
visitors arrived in Istanbul
in 2010, when it was
named a European Capital
of Culture, making the city
the world's tenth-mostpopular tourist destination.
 Istanbul has two international
airports, the larger of which
is Atatürk International.
Atatürk, located 24
kilometers west of the city
center, is the eighth-busiest
airport in Europe.
 Sabiha Gökçen International
Airport, 45 kilometers
southeast of the city center,
was opened in 2001.
Bosphorus
 The Bosphorus divides the
city into the European and
Asian sides, linked by two
magnificient bridges,
spanning the continents. It
is a charming place, known
for its fish restaurants, and
the walk up to the ruined
fortress overlooking the
village.
 The Bosphorus Bridge, also
called the First Bosphorus
Bridge is one of the two
bridges in
Istanbul, connecting Europe
and Asia. It was opened in
1973 to celebrate the 50th
anniversary of the Republic.
 The Fatih Sultan Mehmet
Bridge, is the second
bosphorus bridge, is a bridge
in Istanbul, spanning
the Bosphorus strait. It was
completed in 1988.
The Princes Islands
The picturesque scenery of
wooded hills, charming
beaches and authentic
Ottoman mansions,
combined with the tranquil
atmosphere, make for a
pleasant contrast to the city
itself.
Büyük Ada, or “Big Island” is
the most popular with
visitors. No cars are allowed
but you can take a trip in a
horse and carriage to visit the
Monastery of St. George.
TAKSİM
 Taksim Square is situated
in the European part
of Istanbul, is a major
shopping, tourist and
leisure district famed for its
restaurants, pubs, discos,
shops and hotels. It is
considered the heart of
modern Istanbul.
PERA
 Beyoğlu is located on the
European side, separated
from the old city by
the Golden Horn. It was
known as Pera during
the Middle Ages, and this
name remained in common
use until the early 20th
century and the
establishment of the
Turkish Republic.
Maiden's Tower
 Maiden'sTower is a tower
lying on a small islet located
at 200 m off the coast
of Üsküdar. The interior of
the tower has been
transformed into a popular
café and restaurant. Private
boats make trips to the tower
several times a day. When you
visit this tower, you will also
learn the legends about the
construction of the tower and
its location.
Topkapi Palace
 Topkapi Palace is the
symbol and the center of the
Ottoman Empire.
Overlooking Bosphorus and
the Marmara sea, stands this
amazing building that was the
great palace of the Ottoman
Sultans. The palace is a
collection of buildings
arranged around a series of
courtyards and has incredible
collections of jewels, China,
pieces of Ottoman and
Islamic artwork.
Saint Sophie
 Saint Sophie, built by
Constantin the Great, also
known as the church of the
Divine Wisdom was
designed to show the
strength and wealth of the
Roman emperors. Once it
was the greatest Christian
church in the world.
Sultanahmet Mosque
 Sultanahmet Mosque,
is known as the Blue
Mosque, because of its
magnificient interior
decorations of blue Iznik
tiles. Outside of the
mosque stands the turbe or
the tomb of Sultan Ahmet.
The Sultan was buried here
along with his wife and
three sons.
Basilica Cistern
 Basilica Cistern, built in
the fourth century, is one
of the underground
cisterns that riddle the
foundations of the city. It
has been extensively
excavated and renovated
and is worth visiting and
exploring while listening to
the tunes of classical music.
Suleymaniye Mosque
 Suleymaniye
Mosque built by Mimar
Sinan, the great architect, and
completed in just seven years
is considered to be the most
beautiful of all Imperial
mosques in Istanbul. It
dominates the skyline of the
Golden Horn. Adjoining the
mosque there are schools of
theology, schools of
Medicine, and a caravanserai.
 Dolmabahce
Palace was built as a
second residence to the Sultan
Abdulmecid mid 19th century.
The palace commands a nice
view right on the Bosphorus and
its gardens are very pretty,
especially in spring and
summer.
 The founder of Turkey,
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
died in this palace on
November 10, 1938.
Dolmabahce Palace
Grand Bazaar
 Grand Bazaar, the
world's biggest covered
historic Bazaar since 1461.
It is one of the most
famous spots of Istanbul,
always filled with crowds
who not only come to shop
but to window-shop
carpets, jewellery,
leathers,handcrafts, home
decoration items and many
more.
Galata Tower
 Galata Tower is located in
the Galata area of Beyoglu.
Galata tower is one of the
best vista points in Istanbul
with sweeping views of the
Golden Horn
Beylerbeyi Palace
 Beylerbeyi Palace is
located on the Asian side of
the Bosphorus slightly to
the north of Dolmabahce
Palace, right under the first
bridge which connects Asia
and Europe. Much smaller
in size, the palace is a nice
example of Ottoman
architecture.