The International Strategy for Disaster Reduction and
the Hyogo Framework for Action (2005-2015):
Building Resilience for Climate Change
www.unisdr.org
Canadian Risk and Hazards
- Knowledge and Practice- Network, 7th Symposium
Fredericton, New Brunswick, 27 October 2010
Sálvano Briceño, Director, UNISDR
United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
www.unisdr.org
www.preventionweb.net
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Overview
I
Global data, trends and economic perspective on
“natural” disasters
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Climate change, a main disaster reduction issue
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The UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
and the Hyogo Framework for Action (2005-2015)
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Global data, trends, and economic
perspective on “natural” disasters
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2009 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction
Basic conclusions
•
Higher population density in areas that have experienced relatively high
mortality during the past 2 decades, nearly 1/4 of total land area & more than
3/4 of world’s population are subject to relatively high risk from 1 or more
hazards
-
More than 4/5 of GDP is located in areas of relatively high economic risk
subject to 1 or more hazards
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More than half of the world’s GDP is located in high-risk areas subject to 2
or more hazards
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35 countries have more than 5% of the population in areas at risk from 3 or
more hazards
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96 countries have more than 10% of the population in areas at risk from 2 or
more hazards
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160 countries have more than 25% of the population in areas at risk from 1 or
more hazards.
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What is Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)?
• A conceptual framework consisting of
ways and means:
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– To minimize disaster risks by reducing the degree of
vulnerability and increasing resilience capacity
– To avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and
preparedness) the adverse impacts of natural
hazards with a sustainable development approach
Natural hazard
+ Exposure
X
Vulnerability Capacity
=
Disaster Risk
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Global Trends - Disasters are NOT natural
Greater exposure to natural and humaninduced hazards, climate change and
variability
HAZARDS +
EXTREME EVENTS
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Socio-economic: poverty and unsustainable
development styles, unplanned urban
growth and migrations, lack of risk
awareness and institutional capacities...
Physical: insufficient land use planning,
housing & critical infrastructure located in
hazard prone areas...
Environmental degradation: ecosystem
and natural resource depletion (coastal,
watershed, wetlands, forests…)
VULNERABILITY
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The vision of disaster risk reduction: Building resilient
communities towards sustainable development
www.unisdr.org
The six
principles of
sustainability
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The Study ‘Natural Hazards, Unnatural Disasters –
The Economics of Effective Prevention’
Overview by World Bank and the ISDR system
• Evaluate economic arguments related to disaster risk
reduction, through a cost-benefit analysis of different
DRR policies and measures
www.unisdr.org
• Influence the broader thinking related to disaster risk,
awareness of the potential to reduce the costs of
disasters, and guidance on the implementation of
disaster risk-reducing interventions
• The Overview Study was issued last week and the full
report will be formally launched in the coming weeks,
November 2010 (copy of overview available here,
keep an eye on Preventionweb.net for full report)
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The UN International Strategy for Disaster
Reduction and the Hyogo Framework for
Action (2005-2015)
www.unisdr.org
II
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www.unisdr.org
Disaster Reduction – An Agenda in Progress
1989: IDNDR 1990-1999 – promotion of disaster reduction, scientific development
1994: 1st WCDR - Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action – Mid-term review
IDNDR, first disaster reduction policy guidance
1998: UNDP inherits DRR function from DHA (former OCHA) for supporting
capacity development on DRR at national level
2000: International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) – for increased
public awareness, link to sustainable development, enlarged coordination at int’l
and regional levels, networking and partnerships ISDR secretariat, UN Trust Fund
2002: Johannesburg Plan of Implementation- WSSD Includes a new section
on “An integrated, multi-hazard, inclusive approach to address vulnerability, risk
assessment and disaster management…”
2005: 2nd WCDR - Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the
Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters
2007: 1st session Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (GP2007)
Monitor HFA progress, facilitate further actions and partnerships, take stock,
identify gaps and obstacles and share lessons and good practices
2009: 2nd session Global Platform for DRR (GP2009) Monitor HFA progress,
identify gaps and priorities
2010: Mid-term review of the HFA and links with CC Adaptation COP-16, MDGs
2010 review and 2012 Sustainable Development Rio Summit
2011: 3rd session Global Platform for DRR (GP2011, Geneva, 8-13 May 2011)
Monitor HFA progress, identify gaps and priorities
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www.unisdr.org
Disaster Reduction – An Agenda in Progress, cont…
Next challenges, to 2015 and beyond…
• DRR as first step required for adaptation to CC in
successor agreement to Kyoto Protocol (Jo’burg 2011 or
Korea 2012…)
• Hazard risk as essential requirement in MDGs and
development (land-use, urban and sectoral planning)
• Hazard risk reduction recognized as essential ecosystem
service by environmental policies and legislation
• Wider public understanding of risk and vulnerability, in
particular of building safety for homes, schools, offices…
• Risk awareness and knowledge, a regular feature in
educational programmes at all levels, same as health or
traffic prevention
• Wider risk governance implemented by governments
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International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
Launched in 2000 by UN General Assembly Resolution
A/54/219 as successor of the International Decade on
Natural Disaster Reduction – IDNDR, 1990-1999:
www.unisdr.org
The ISDR aims at building disaster resilient communities by
promoting increased awareness of the importance of
disaster reduction as an integral component of sustainable
development, with the goal of reducing human, social,
economic and environmental losses due to natural hazards
and related technological and environmental disasters.
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World Conference on Disaster Reduction
2nd WCDR, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan, 18-22 January 2005
Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the resilience of
nations and communities to disasters (HFA)
 3 Strategic goals
 5 Priorities for action
 Implementation and follow-up
• 168 Governments, 78 regional and int’l orgs, and 161 NGOs attended
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• Integrate disaster risk reduction into policies, plans and programmes of
sustainable development and poverty reduction
• Recognize risk reduction as both a humanitarian and development issue
– in the context of sustainable development
• Focus on national and local implementation, with bilateral, multilateral,
regional and international cooperation
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Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 (continued)
3 strategic goals:
The integration of disaster risk reduction into
sustainable development policies and planning
-
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- The development and strengthening of
institutions, mechanisms and capacities to build
resilience to hazards
- The systematic incorporation of risk reduction
approaches into the implementation of
emergency preparedness, response and
recovery programmes
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Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 (continued)
Five priorities for action:
1. Governance: ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and
local priority with strong institutional basis for implementation
2. Risk identification: identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and
enhance early warning
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3. Knowledge: use knowledge, innovation and education to build a
culture of safety and resilience at all levels
4. Reducing the underlying risk factors in various sectors
(environment, health, construction, private sector etc.)
5. Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response
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Build a disaster risk reduction
movement – ISDR system

The objective:
To reduce disaster risk,
worldwide, focusing on
nations and communities
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 The instrument: Hyogo Framework for
Action 2005-2015
 The vehicle:
ISDR system - ‘movement ’
The secretariat:
UNISDR
More info at:
www.preventionweb.net
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www.unisdr.org
Why an ISDR system?
 Respond to current disaster trends with calls of
international community for increased support to risk
reduction and HFA in MDGs, UNFCCC, SIDS, LDCs,
Green Economy Initiative and UNCSD 2012 (Rio+20)
 Build common understanding and shift towards
culture of risk and prevention at all levels (global,
regional, national, local, personal…)
 Increase national and local level capacity for
reducing risk in a coordinated and systematic manner
 Increase political space for disaster risk reduction
(financial investments in all development sectors from
public and private sources, CC Adaptation and MDGs
achievement, sustainable development…)
Same reasons apply to national and local DRR
systems…
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The ISDR system
Responsible for
national strategies
and programmes,
baseline studies,
reporting…
Nations and
communities
national platforms
Government agencies, local authorities,
NGOs, CBOs, technical organizations,
private sector, media…
Global
coordination
Governance
UN General Assembly,
Supporting
mechanisms
ECOSOC
ISDR Support Group
www.unisdr.org
Global Platform for DRR
USG Humanitarian Affairs
Management Oversight Board
Inter-agency group
ISDR secretariat
Support and technical
advice to agencies,
authorities, institutions
and organizations
ISDR regional, thematic &
stakeholder platforms
Management, oversight
Programme guidance, joint
work programmes, monitoring,
networking, partnerships
UN Country Teams
WB GFDRR
Red Cross/Red Crescent
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ISDR system levels of action
(“platforms”)
National
National initiatives with multi-stakeholder, multi-sectoral and multi disciplinary approaches
Support from UN country team – when appropriate
Based on existing regional and sub-regional strategies and mechanisms
local capacities
coordinated international and regional
efforts to support national and
ISDR programme
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Regional & Sub-regional
Thematic & Stakeholders
Building on existing networks, clusters, programmes and other mechanisms
Global
Biennial sessions
For sharing and common guidance and coordination
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www.unisdr.org
Global Assessment Report for DRR & HFA Monitoring
Contributions by partners commissioned under preparation
and in some cases, completed. A total of 58 interdependent
activity streams underway to feed into the four main
sections of GAR:
• An enhanced analysis of global risk patterns, trends
and drivers
• A 2nd round of HFA progress reporting (2009-2010)
by governments and ISDR partner organizations
• Defining effective disaster risk reduction strategies
• Identification of enabling environment for DRR
To be launched early 2011 for discussion at 3rd session of
Global Platform for DRR (Geneva, 8-13 May 2011)
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HFA Mid-Term Review 2010
Global
Seeks to answer specific Key Questions in order to address
strategic and fundamental matters concerning HFA
implementation by 2015 and beyond.
www.unisdr.org
Tools:
Literature review
In-depth studies
Workshops
Online debates
One-on-one interviews
Canada participated in consultation in Washington, DC, USA
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2010 – 2011 World Disaster Reduction Campaign
Making Cities Resilient: My City is Getting Ready!
Objective:
Achieve resilient, sustainable urban communities
through actions taken by local governments to reduce
disaster risk → Know More;→ Invest Wisely;→
Build More Safely…
www.unisdr.org
 Ten-Point Checklist Essentials for Making
Cities Resilient
 Monitoring on
implementation of DRR
activities at local level
 Indicators developed
in line with checklist
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2010 – 2011 World Disaster Reduction Campaign
Making Cities Resilient: My City is Getting Ready! cont.
Global Launch: 30 May
2010, Bonn, Germany
www.unisdr.org
Regional Launch in the
Americas: 31 May 2010,
Lima, Peru and in other
regions at Bonn, Davos,
Delhi, Durban…
Certificate of Commitment
to Disaster Resilience
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2010 – 2011 World Disaster Reduction Campaign
Making Cities Resilient: My City is Getting Ready! cont.
www.unisdr.org
15 cities getting ready in the
Americas:
• Bogotá (Colombia)
• District of North Vancouver
(Canada)
• Guayaquil & Quito (Ecuador)
• Larreynaga-Malpaisillo,
Quezalguaque & Telica (Nicaragua)
• Mexico City (Mexico)
• North Little Rock (USA)
• Port-au-Prince (Haití)
• Posadas & Santa Fe (Argentina)
• San Juan de Flores (Honduras)
• Santa Tecla (El Salvador)
• Santísima Trinidad, Beni (Bolivia)
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2010 – 2011 World Disaster Reduction Campaign
Making Cities Resilient: My City is Getting Ready! cont.
Partnerships
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Building an alliance for promoting wide public participation in planning
and decision-making for risk reduction, with local governments and
other relevant actors:
 City associations/networks: UCLG, EMI, CityNet, Metropolis, ICLEI
 National DRR Platforms and HFA focal points
 Int’l partner institutions (UN-Habitat, UNDP, ILO, WHO, World Bank,
UNICEF and IFRC)
 Civil society: Community-based organizations, NGOs, academic
institutions, business associations…
Regional organizations: Organization of American States, PAHO,
IADB, UN/ECLAC, ACS, CDEMA, CEPREDENAC, CAPRADE,
MERCOSUR…
 Several regions have a network, task force or platform, e.g. Asia Task
Force on Urban Risk and also in the Americas…
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www.unisdr.org
Ten-point Checklist - Essentials for Making Cities Resilient
(based on HFA)
• 1. Put in place organization and coordination to understand and
reduce disaster risk, based on participation of relevant sectors and civil
society. Build local alliances. Ensure that all departments understand
their role in reducing risk (prevention, mitigation and preparedness
measures)
• 2. Assign a budget for promoting disaster risk reduction and provide
incentives for homeowners, low-income families, communities,
businesses and public sector to invest in reducing the risks they face
• 3. Maintain up-to-date data on hazards and vulnerabilities, prepare risk
assessments and use these as the basis for urban development plans and
decisions. Ensure that this information and the plans for your city’s
resilience are readily available to the public and fully discussed with
them
• 4. Invest in and maintain critical infrastructure that reduces risk,
such as flood drainage, adjusted where needed to cope with climate
change
• 5. Assess the safety of all schools, health facilities and other critical
infrastructure and upgrade these as necessary
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www.unisdr.org
Ten-point Checklist - Essentials for Making Cities Resilient
(based on HFA), continued…
• 6. Apply and enforce risk-compliant building regulations and
land use planning principles. Identify safe land for low-income
citizens and develop upgrading of informal settlements, wherever
feasible
• 7. Ensure education programmes and training on disaster risk
reduction are in place in schools and local communities
• 8. Protect ecosystems and natural buffers to mitigate floods,
storm surges and other hazards to which your city may be
vulnerable. Adapt to climate change by building on good risk
reduction practices
• 9. Install early warning systems and emergency management
capacities in your city and hold regular public preparedness drills
• 10. After any disaster, ensure that the needs of the survivors are
placed at the centre of reconstruction with support for them and
their community organizations to design and help implement
responses, including rebuilding homes and livelihoods that are
safer
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Parliamentarian Initiative for DRR
Activities
•Targeted advocacy among parliamentarians
•Partnership building with sub-regional and regional
parliamentary fora and assemblies
www.unisdr.org
•Technical support and guidance to parliamentarians
who become advocates and champions for greater
synergies between disaster risk reduction and
climate change adaptation
•Numerous UNISDR Consultative Meetings for
parliamentarians, e.g. Inter-Parliamentary Union
(IPU) in Geneva and regional groups
 Manila Declaration, Malta Declaration...
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Parliamentarian Initiative for DRR
Results and Impacts, inter alia
•More than 900 parliamentarians from 130 countries aware of DRR in the
context of climate change and development
•5 parliamentarians from Argentina, Costa Rica (former), Kenya, the
Philippines, and Senegal actively promoting disaster risk reduction
www.unisdr.org
•New legislation on DRR+CC Adaptation approved in Philippines and
project of Law prepared by the Senate of Mendoza (Argentina)
• West African Parliamentarians Meeting resulted in a Plan of Action for
integrating disaster risk reduction into the eight areas of the MDGs in
June in 2010
• Advocacy Kit for Parliamentarians Disaster Risk Reduction: An
Instrument for Achieving the Millennium Development Goals, at 123rd
Assembly of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (Geneva, 6 October 2010)
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Private Sector Engagement for DRR
Global
•Private sector and DRR concept and work plan developed
•Establishment of a private sector advisory group under way
•International Day on Disaster Reduction (13 Oct) with active
participation from private sector representatives
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•SRSG participation at several major private sector meetings,
including UN Global Compact Summit 2010
Economics
•Collaboration with the World Bank on the report Natural Hazards
and Unnatural Disasters, to be launched Nov 2010
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Media activities
Global
Handbook for Multi-Media Reporting on
Disaster Risk Reduction
•Practical manual for media
professionals in reporting on disaster
risk reduction issues
• Available in six languages
www.unisdr.org
Media Training Workshops in all Regions
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National Platforms for Disaster Risk Reduction
•
HFA paragraph 16 (a): Support the creation and strengthening of national
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integrated disaster risk reduction mechanisms, such as multi sectoral national
platforms with designated responsibilities at the national through to the local
levels to facilitate coordination across sectors. National platforms should also
facilitate coordination across sectors, including by maintaining a broad based
dialogue at national and regional levels for promoting awareness among the
relevant sectors
•
Main functions: multi-sectoral and multi-stakeholder consultation
mechanism linked to highest levels of authority, for advice and
facilitation of risk reduction processes in a country, province, city or
town; awareness, knowledge and policy development (not the same as
civil protection or disaster management coordination committees for
response to disasters)
•
Currently there are 63 formally established platforms in addition to
many more similar mechanisms (committees, commissions, forums,
etc.) working on DRR
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www.unisdr.org
National Platforms for DRR
Argentina
Botswana
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Canada
Cape Verde
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Republic
of
Costa Rica
Croatia
Czech Republic
Djibouti
Dominican
Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
France
Gabon
Germany
Ghana
Guatemala
Hungary
Indonesia
Iran
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kyrgyzstan
Lesotho
Macedonia
Madagascar
Mali
Mexico
Monaco
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Panama
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Russian Federation
Senegal
Seychelles
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sweden
Switzerland
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
United Kingdom
United States of America
Venezuela
Zambia
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III
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Climate change, a main
disaster reduction issue
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Climate change and disaster risks
1. Evidence of more extreme events already found (IPCC
Assessments) – temperatures rising, loss of glaciers and
polar ice, droughts, heavy rainfall, heat and cold waves,
stronger tropical cyclones, floods…
2. Populated deltas as well as small island developing states
(SIDS) are most at risk to sea-level rise
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3. Impacts in 3 ways: (i) more extreme events (increased
frequency and intensity) in same areas (ii) more extreme
events in new areas, not prepared for them and (iii) new
impacts from sea level and temperature rise, glacier melting
and greater stresses on ecosystems and water
4. IPCC Special Report on Managing Risk of Extreme Events
for 2011 and contribution to 5th Assessment Report 2014
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Climate policy to reduce disaster risks
1. UNFCCC COP 13 2007 Bali Action Plan proposes
“risk management and risk reduction strategies,
including risk sharing and transfer mechanisms” …
and … “disaster reduction strategies and means to
address loss and damage in developing countries”
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2. UNFCCC Ad-hoc Working Group on Long-term
Cooperative Action agreed on DRR and HFA for
CC adaptation at COP 15 Copenhagen 2009,
expected to be confirmed at COP 16 Cancun 2010
3. Disaster risk reduction still to be integrated in
national CC adaptation plans (NAPAs and other),
and in criteria for adaptation funds
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Disaster risk reduction is a powerful tool
for climate change adaptation
• Vulnerability to climatic hazards is a common concern
• Reduced risk means better adapted communities
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• Proven disaster reduction tools are available, e.g., risk
assessments, early warning systems, proper land use
planning, ecosystem management, building codes,
insurance and micro-finance schemes, etc.
• High expectation to receive more accurate, timely and
downscaled climate information through better
monitoring, WMO’s proposed Global Framework for
Climate Services (GFCS)
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Practical national priorities and measures
1. First priorities (i) National Adaptation Plans to
include risk assessments, focused on
vulnerabilities and (ii) Strengthened institutions
(policies, legislation and organizational
mechanisms) to focus on risk reduction for CC
(and other natural hazards)
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2. Measures (i) Risk-related zoning and building
codes, (ii) Protection of ecosystems as
environmental buffers, (iii) Management of floods
and droughts, (iv) Protection of critical facilities e.g.
hospitals, (v) Early warning and response systems.
(vi) Public education and awareness raising…
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•
Climate change and disaster risk are
intertwined issues
•
Important opportunity to achieve
reductions in disaster risk
•
HFA as an important available tool for
adaptation to climate change and other
hazards (earthquakes, etc.)
•
ISDR strategy and mechanisms in place,
more partnerships to take actions and
work together
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www.unisdr.org
Thank you
United Nations, secretariat of the
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
International Environment House II
7-9 Chemin de Balexert, CH 1219 Chatelaine
Geneva 10, Switzerland
Tel: +41 229178907 & 8
Fax: +41 229178964
Email: isdr@un.org
www.preventionweb.net & www.unisdr.org
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