UNIT 1: CELL
STRUCTURE AND
ORGANIZATION
Quick Reminders
• Signed syllabus
• Absences- don’t be absent
• Notebooks
Cell Structure Competition
• Meet with lab group
• These pictures will be on your 1st quiz Friday
• Using your pictures and scientific literature:
• Glue in pictures
• Figure out where the vocabulary words should be placed
• Runners will be bringing up work for checks (3 checks)
• Team with highest score will win (candy or NASA pencil)
CELL A-PLANT CELL
CELL B- ANIMAL CELL
CELL C- PROKARYOTE CELL
Post Check Assessment Question
The organelle pictured below is the _________ of a
____________ (plant/animal/prokaryote) cell.
A
UNIT 1: CELL
STRUCTURE AND
ORGANIZATION
What came first?
Prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes?
Prokaryotic Cells
• First cells found in fossil record
• Characteristics:
• Very small
• Simple
• No membrane-bound organelles
• DNA (genetic material) not enclosed
• Example: bacteria
Eukaryotes
• Arrive later in fossil record
• Characteristics:
• Larger
• More complex
• Membrane-bound organelles
• DNA is enclosed in nucleus
• Example: plants, fungi, animals
Cell Organelle Foldable
Plant and Animal Cell Similarities
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Contains ribosomes; produces proteins for cell
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Does not contain ribosomes; metabolizes fats
Nucleus
Control center of cell; contains DNA (genetic material)
Nuclear Envelope
Thin membrane that surrounds nucleus; contains holes for
material to move in and out
Golgi Body
Receive proteins from the E.R and package/distribute them
to parts of cell
Cell Membrane
A thin membrane outside of cell that controls what enters
and leaves
Mitochondria
Converts food molecules into useable energy
Cytoplasm
Gel-like fluid where organelles sit
Ribosomes
Found in E.R and cytoplasm; produce proteins
Nucleolus
In nucleus; makes ribosomes
Plant Cell Differences
Cell Wall
Stiff wall surrounding membrane; gives rigid structure
Chloroplast
Captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food
for cell; makes plants green
Lysosomes
Contains chemicals that breaks down unneeded cell
parts/molecules; only found in SOME plants
Vacuole
Stores water, food, and waste products. Takes up 90% of
space.
Animal Cell Differences
Lysosomes
Contains chemicals that break down unneeded cell
parts/molecules; found in all animal cells.
Cytoskeleton
Protein framework inside cytoplasm that gives the cell
shape; allows for movement
Functions of Cells
1. Transport of materials (cell membrane)
2. Energy transformation (mitochondria)
3. Protein building (ribosomes)
4. Waste removal (lysosomes)
5. Information feedback (DNA)
6. Movement (cytoskeleton)
Post Check Assessment Question
The organelle pictured below is the _________ of a
____________ (plant/animal/prokaryote) cell.
A
Tomorrow
• Review the use of a microscope
• Practice using the microscopes
Environmental Conditions Interfering
with Cells:
• pH- needs specific acidity to function
• Temperature- needs specific temperature
• Cell growth-an outside source may promote growth
The Role of Water in Cells
• Water moves through a “permeable” membrane of the cell
(water can pass through)
• Water maintains internal pressure so cell does not
collapse
Osmosis
• Spontaneous movement of water from a solution with a
lower concentration to a solution with a higher
concentration in order to equalize
Cell Differentiation
• Cells changing from one type to another (becoming more
specified)
• Starts with stem cells