Quarterly Date: Thursday, November 5th
Name _____________________________
A&P: Marking Period 1 Quarterly Assessment Review 2015-2016
1. Define ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY.
2. Know the levels of organization, from simplest to most complex. List them here.
3. Describe the organ systems, their functions, and organs found in each – complete the chart below to do this.
Organ System
Function
Organs
skin, hair, epidermis, sebaceous glands, sweat
glands, nails, sensory receptors, subcutaneous
layer
Protect organs, store minerals,
produce blood cells, allow for
movement, provide structure &
support
Muscular
Regulation and response
pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid, thymus,
adrenal glands, kidneys, pancreas, testes, ovaries,
hormones
Transport of materials
lymphatic vessels lymph nodes, spleen, thymus
Respiratory system
mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach,
small intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, large
intestine, anus
excretion of wastes
Male: testes, vas deferens, penis, scrotum
Female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina
Quarterly Date: Thursday, November 5th
4. Fill in the blanks. Use the word bank to help you – each word will be used once.
control center
homeostasis
positive
tissue
effector
homeostatic imbalance
receptor
function
negative
similar cells
gross
organ system
structure

Anatomy is the study of the _______________ of the body, while physiology is the study of its
_______________.

The study of large body structures is called __________ anatomy.

Tissues consist of ______________________________.

An organ is made of several types of _______________.

Organs working together on a common task form an _________________________.

When a constant, dynamic equilibrium is maintained despite changes in the environment (for example,
our ability to maintain a constant body temperature), this is called ____________________.

To maintain homeostasis, a(n) ____________________ must monitor the internal or external
environment to detect changes.

To maintain homeostasis, a(n) ____________________ must respond to signals indicating that a
change has occurred by triggering events which will influence the change.

To maintain homeostasis, a(n) _________________________ must be capable of altering the
condition that is being maintained.

In a(n) _______________ feedback system, a change in a condition is sensed and amplified.

In a(n) _______________ feedback system, a change in a condition is sensed and returned toward its
previous level.

When equilibrium of a bodily system fails, this is described as ______________________________.
5. Describe the ANATOMICAL POSITION.
6. Understand the body sections (slices) used to observe internal structures, be able to label them on a diagram
(sagittal, midsagittal, transverse, coronal/frontal)
Quarterly Date: Thursday, November 5th
7. Label the body cavities on the following diagram.
8. Describe the body cavities and list what organs are found in each.
Quarterly Date: Thursday, November 5th
9. Fill in the blanks. Use the word bank to help you – some words will be used more than once.
abdominal
dorsal
spinal/vertebral
abdominopelvic
frontal
thoracic
coronal
median
transverse
cranial
midsagittal
ventral
diaphragm
pelvic

The _______________ or _______________ plane separates the anterior and posterior portions of
an object.

The _______________ or _______________ plane separates the superior and inferior portions of
an object.

The _______________ or _______________ plane separates the left lateral and the right lateral
portions of an object at the midline.

The cranial cavity is within the _______________ cavity.

The spinal or vertebral cavity is within the _______________ cavity.

The thoracic cavity is within the _______________ cavity.

The abdominopelvic cavity is within the _______________ cavity.

The brain is found in the _______________ cavity. (Use the most specific, i.e. smallest, cavity that
is appropriate.)

The spinal cord is found in the _______________ cavity. (Use the most specific, i.e. smallest, cavity
that is appropriate.)

The lungs and heart are found in the _______________ cavity. (Use the most specific, i.e. smallest,
cavity that is appropriate.)

The bladder, some reproductive organs, and rectum are found in the _______________ cavity.

The digestive organs are found in the _______________ cavity.

The pelvic cavity is within the _______________ cavity, which is within the _______________
cavity.

The _______________ separates the abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities.
10. Review the directional terms (ventral/dorsal, proximal/distal, anterior/posterior, medial/lateral,
superior/inferior, superficial/deep). Write what they mean below.
Quarterly Date: Thursday, November 5th
11. Fill in the blanks. Use the word bank to help you – some words will be used more than once.
anterior
medial
deep
posterior
distal
proximal
dorsal
superficial

The knees are _______________ to the ankles.

The spine is _______________ to the breastbone.

The pinky fingers are _______________ to the thumbs.

The eyes are _______________ to the bridge of the nose.

The nose is _______________ to the mouth.

The brain is _________________ to the skull.

The mouth is _______________ to the forehead.

The lower back is _______________ to the navel.

The thumbs are _______________ to the pinky fingers.

The hands are _________________ to the elbows.

The navel is _________________ to the lower back.

The neck is _________________ to the chest.

The pelvis is _________________ to the ribs.

The elbows are _________________ to the wrists.

The skin is _________________ to the muscles.
12. Fill in the blanks. These refer to regions of the body.

Nasal refers to the _______________.

Oral refers to the _______________.

Cervical refers to the _______________.

Acromial refers to the _______________.

Brachial refers to the _______________.

Antecubital refers to the _______________.

Antebrachial refers to the _______________.

Carpal refers to the _______________.

Digital refers to the _______________.

Patellar refers to the _______________.

Buccal refers to the _______________.

Umbilical refers to the _______________.

Plantar refers to the _______________.
inferior
superior
lateral
ventral
Quarterly Date: Thursday, November 5th
13. Label the Regions of the Body:
14. Body Quadrants: Label each quadrant or region and state which organs are found in them.
Quarterly Date: Thursday, November 5th
Circulatory System:
The Blood
anemia
erythropoietin
leukocytes
thrombocytes

blood types
heat
nutrients
too thick
clot
hematocrit
oxygen
waste
clotting
hemoglobin
polycythemia
water
erythrocytes
kidneys
Rh factor
A major function of blood is the delivery of _______________ and _______________, which are needed
for other tissues to live and grow.

A major function of blood is the removal of _______________ produced by other tissues.

By carrying _______________ from the body's core to its surface, blood has a major role in the control of
body temperature.

A cut (usually) does not lead to a fatal loss of blood because blood is able to _______________.

Blood plasma is 90% _______________.

_______________, _______________, and _______________ are the “formed elements.”

Platelets are critical to the _______________ process, forming the temporary seal when a blood vessel
breaks.

_______________, or red blood cells, are small cells that are biconcave in shape. They lack nuclei and most
organelles. Their major function is to carry the oxygen-binding protein _______________.

The formation of erythrocytes is controlled by the hormone _______________, most of which is produced
by the _______________ in response to a low supply of oxygen.

An insufficient number of functional erythrocytes in the blood is _______________.

If there are too many erythrocytes in one's blood, then the blood will be _______________.

An excess number of erythrocytes in the blood is called ________________.

Humans have different _______________ based on specific antigens on erythrocyte membranes. For
several antigens, a severe immunoreaction occurs if a donor and a patient do not share the same one.

In addition to the ABO antigens, some people also carry another antigen known as a(n) _______________.
Others do not carry it.

The percentage of erythrocytes (by volume) is called the _______________.
Be sure to also review blood types and the blood typing lab and hematocrit lab.
Quarterly Date: Thursday, November 5th
The Heart
aorta
inferior vena cava
pulmonary artery
superior vena cava
aortic
left
pulmonary veins
tricuspid
atria
left atrium
right
vena cavae
atrioventricular (AV) bicuspid
chordae tendineae
left ventricle
papillary muscles pulmonary
right ventricle
septum
sinoatrial node
ventricles

The two uppermost chambers of the heart are the _______________.

The two lowermost chambers of the heart are the _______________.

The partition that separates the left and right chambers of the heart is called the _______________.

The right atrium receives blood from at least three veins: the superior and inferior _______________ and
the coronary sinus.

The _______________ returns blood from body regions above the diaphragm.

The _______________ returns blood from body regions below the diaphragm.

The _______________ receives blood that has just left the lungs.

The veins entering the heart from the lungs are called the _______________.

Muscles called _______________ project from the inner walls of the ventricle toward the atrioventricular
valves, and prevent the valves from opening backwards during each heartbeat.

The _______________ pumps blood to the lungs; the _______________ to the body via a huge artery
called the aorta.

The _______________ and _______________ valves prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles
contract: together these are called the _______________ valves.

The _______________ AV valve is the tricuspid valve.

The _______________ AV valve is the bicuspid (or “mitral”) valve.

There are collagen cords called _______________ anchoring the AV valves to muscular protrusions of the
ventricular walls. These structures prevent the AV valves from being pushed open backwards by blood
pressure.

The _______________ and _______________ valves prevent backflow of blood leaving the heart.

The two huge arteries leaving the heart are the _______________ and the _______________.

The pulmonary semilunar valve separates the _______________ ventricle from the _______________
artery.

The aortic semilunar valve separates the _______________ ventricle from the _______________.

The normal beating of the heart is initiated by the _______________, a cluster of autorhythmic cells.
Quarterly Date: Thursday, November 5th
The Blood Vessels
arteries
tunics
arterioles
valves
capillaries
veins
diffusion
venules
lumen

_______________ carry blood away from the heart.

_______________ carry blood toward the heart.

_______________ are the smallest blood vessels, through the walls of which gases and nutrients are
exchanged with tissues.

_______________ are the walls of blood vessels, while the _______________ is the central space through
which blood flows.

Veins are classified into two types: _______________ and _______________.

_______________ are small arteries.

_______________ connect arterioles to venules.

In general, nutrient and waste exchange and gas exchange occurs by _______________.

Veins, especially those of the limbs, include _______________ to prevent blood from flowing backwards.
Also review types of circulation, blood pressure, what happens when there is a clot in a blood vessel, and
the weakening of blood vessel walls. Make sure you can list the flow of blood through the heart.
Label the heart: