Organelles (cell parts)
A. Basics
1. Very small (Microscopic)
2. Perform various functions for
a cell
3. Found in the cytoplasm
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Animal Cell Organelles
Cell Membrane
Ribosome (attached)
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Nuclear membrane
Mitochondrion
Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Centrioles
Ribosome (free)
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Plant Cell Organelles
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B. Cell Structure (parts)
1. Cell Membrane (cellular envelope)
a. Often called the “doorway”
b. Composed of 2 layers
c. Surrounds outside of ALL cells
d. Controls what enters or leaves the
cell
e. A living layer of material
Proteins
Carbohydrate
chains
Cell
membrane
Protein
channel
Lipid bilayer
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**Cell Membrane in
Plants
a. Lies close
against the
cell wall in
plant cells
b. Pushes out
against the
cell wall to
maintain cell
shape
Cell membrane
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2. Cell Wall
Cell wall
a. Nonliving layer
b. Found in plants,
fungi, & bacteria
c. Made of cellulose in
plants
d. Supports and protects
cell
e. Found outside of the
cell membrane
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3. Cytoskeleton
a. Helps cell maintain
cell shape like our
skeleton
b. Also help move
organelles around
c. Made of proteins
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4. Centrioles
a. Found only in animal
cells
b. Found in Pairs near the
nucleus
c. Can only be seen during
cell division because
they help pull apart
chromosomes with fibers
attached
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5. Cilia & Flagella-movement
a. Not in all cells
b. Cilia are hairlike and more
numerous
c. Flagella are
longer and
fewer (usually
1-3) on cells
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Cell Movement with Cilia &
Flagella
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6. Cytoplasm
a. Jelly-like substance
enclosed by cell
membrane
b. Cushions cell parts
and helps make chemical
reactions occur
cytoplasm
Contains organelles to
carry out specific jobs
c. Found in ALL cells
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7. Ribosomes
These are parts that make protein
for the cell.
8. Endoplasmic Reticulum ER
a. The “highway” of the
cell
b. Two kinds:
1. Rough- has
ribosomes on the surface
2. Smooth-no ribosomes
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9. Golgi Bodies(“factory”)
1. Look like a stack of
pancakes
2. process, sort and package
materials from ER
for storage OR
transport out of cell
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Golgi Animation
Materials are transported from Rough ER
to Golgi to the cell membrane by VESICLES
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10. Lysosomes (the “stomach”)
a. Contain digestive
enzymes
b. Break down food,
bacteria, and worn out
cell parts for cells
c. Called “suicide sacs”
because they kill the
cell if something is
wrong
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11. Vacuoles
1. Fluid filled
sacks for
storage
2. Small or
absent in
animal cells
3. Plant cells
have a large
Central
Vacuole
4. No vacuoles in
bacterial cells
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5. In plants, vacuoles
also store Cell Sap
6. In all cells they
store sugars,
proteins, minerals,
lipids, wastes, salts,
water, and enzymes.
This is why they are
called the “storage
tank” of the cell.
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12. Nuclear Envelopesurrounding nucleus. The
“doorway” to the nucleus.
(Also called nuclear membrane)
Nuclear
pores
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13. Nucleus-the control center (“brain”)
a. Controls the normal
activities of the cell
b. Contains the DNA in
chromosomes
c. Usually the largest
organelle making it easy
to see under the
microscope
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14. Nucleolus (“little brain”)
a. Inside nucleus
b. Disappears when
cell divides
c. Tells ribosomes
to make proteins
and helps
organize
information for
the nucleus.
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15. Mitochondrion (plural =
mitochondria)
a. “Powerhouse” of the
cell
b. Generate cellular
energy (ATP)
c. More active cells like
muscle cells have
MORE mitochondria
d. Both plants & animal
cells have mitochondria
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16. Chloroplasts
a. Found only in
autotrophs(organisms
containing chlorophyll
which collects solar
energy)
b. Use energy from
sunlight to make own
food (glucose)
c. Energy from sun
stored in the
Chemical Bonds of
Sugars
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*Animal cells NEVER have Chloroplasts.
*PHOTOSYNTHESIS is the food-making process that
takes place in chloroplasts.
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PLANT
vs.
•Has a cell wall
•Has a chloroplast
•Bigger vacuoles
because they need to
store more water
because they cannot
move as much and
need to store some
for droughts
•Bigger cells than
animals
•Boxlike shape
ANIMAL
• Has a lysosome
• Has centrioles
• Irregular shapescurvy
• Animals have more
mitochondria than
plants because they
move more
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