Cell Organelles
Animal cell anatomy
3-2
Plant cell anatomy
3-3
Anatomy of a Protist
Cell Organelles
Organelle= “little organ”
Found only inside
eukaryotic cells
All the stuff in between
the organelles is
cytosol
Everything in a cell
except the nucleus is
cytoplasm
- found in all cells
Cell Membrane
Boundary of the cell
Made of a phospholipid bilayer
Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Nucleus
Control center of the cell
Contains chromatin
- DNA and protein
DNA contains genetic info
Surrounded by a Nuclear
Envelope - double layer of
membrane
- contains openings called
nuclear pores which allow
materials to pass into and out of
the nucleus
Nucleolus - makes ribosome
parts – rRNA and protein
Cytoskeleton
Acts as skeleton and
muscle
Provides shape and
structure
Helps move organelles
around the cell
Made of three types of
filaments – all 3 are
made of protein
Centriole
Aids in cell division
Usually found only in
animal cells
Made of microtubules
Where else have we talked
about microtubules?
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
A.k.a. “ER”
Connected to nuclear
membrane
Highway of the cell
Rough ER: studded
with ribosomes; it
collects proteins made
by ribosmes
Smooth ER: no
ribosomes; it makes
lipids – detoxifies
alcohol
Ribosome
Site of protein
synthesis
Found attached to
rough ER or floating
free in cytoplasm
Ribosomes in
cytoplasm can form
groups called
polysomes
That looks familiar…what is a
polypeptide?
Golgi Apparatus
Looks like a stack of
plates
Stores, modifies and
packages proteins
Molecules transported
to and from the Golgi
by means of vesicles
- vesicles are sacks of Some vesicles become lysosomes
Some vesicles travel to the cell
membrane which
membrane where their contents
transport materials
are excreted
through out the cell
Lysosomes
Recycling center
of the cell
Contain digestive
enzymes that
break down worn
out cell parts,
large molecules
and wastes
Which organelles do
lysosomes work with?
Mitochondria
“Powerhouse of the
cell”
Cellular respiration
occurs here to release
energy in the form of
ATP for the cell to use
Bound by a double
membrane
Has its own loop of
DNA – like bacterial
DNA
Chloroplast
Found in plant cells
and some protists
Contains the green
pigment chlorophyll
Site of photosynthesis
- produces sugar
double membrane
contains a loop of
DNA like bacterial
DNA
Cell Wall
Found in plant, fungi
and bacterial cells
Rigid, protective
barrier
Located outside of the
cell membrane
Made of cellulose
(fiber)
Vacuoles
Large central vacuole found
in many plant cells: contains
water, salt etc..
- forms over time as many
smaller vacuoles fuse
together – can be 80% of
cells interior
Smaller vacuoles found in
animal cells
- food vacuoles – form when
a cell engulfs food
- contractile vacuoles found
in some freshwater protistspump out excess water
What type of microscope may have
been used to take this picture?
Vacuoles in Animal Cells
Movement - Flagella
Flagella – Long hair-like structure – found
in some bacteria, and eukaryotic cells
- most eukaryotes with flagella have a
single flagella
- flagella are made of
bundles of
microtubules
Movement - Cilia
Cilia – Short oar-like structures that can
move the cell or be used to be move other
things
- found in animal cells and some protists
- found in our throats to move mucus
Quick Review
Which organelle is the control center of the cell?
Nucleus
Which organelle holds the cell together?
Cell membrane
Which organelles are not found in animal cells?
Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts
Which organelle helps plant cells make food?
Chloroplasts
What does E.R. stand for?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What do you need to know to be an
organelle Pro?
cytosol*
cell/plasma membrane*
nuclear pores*
cytoplasm*
nucleus*
nucleolus*
cytoskeleton*
nuclear envelope*
centrioleA
Rough E R*
Smooth E R*
ribosomes*
golgi apparatus*
mitochondria*
flagella*
vesicles*
chloroplastP
cilia
lysosomes*
cell wallP
vacuoles – centralP, foodA and contractile
Know which organelles are found in both plants and
animals * found only in animal cells A found only in
plant cells P