2.3 Eukaryotic Cells
2.3.1 Draw and label a diagram of
the ultrastructure of a liver cell as
an example of an animal cell.
Ribosomes
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Apparatuses
Lysosomes
Nucleus
Mitochondrion
Nuclear Membrane
2.3.2 Annotate the diagram from
2.3.1 with the functions of each
named structure.
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Golgi Apparatus- for processing proteins (pp.119*)
Lysosomes- hold digestive enzymes (pp.121*)
Nucleus- hold chromosomes (pp.117*)
Mitochondrion- for aerobic respiration (pp. 123*)
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum – for synthesis of
proteins that will be secreted (pp. 118*)
• Ribosomes- for protein synthesis (pp.117*)
*More detailed information from Campbell textbook
2.3.4 Compare Prokaryotic and
Eukaryotic Cells
Feature
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Type of Genetic Material
Naked loop of DNA
Chromosomes
consisting of strands of
chromosomes. DNA
associated with protein
(histones).
Main Location of Genetic Cytoplasm in Nucleoid
Information
Nucleus inside double
nuclear membrane
(nuclear envelop)
Mitochondria
Not present. Cell surface
membrane and
mesosome used instead
Always present
Ribosomes
Small sized (70S*)
Large sized (80S*)
Organelles bound by
single membrane
Few or none present
Many present: including
endoplasmic reticulum,
Golgi Apparatus,
Lysosomes
*S=Svedburg Units (system used to measure size of organelles)
Source: http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/procaryotes/images/procaryote.jpg
Eukaryotic Cell
Source: http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/onlinebio/5_6.jpg
2.3.5 State three differences
between plant and animal cells
Feature
Animal
Plant
Cell Wall
Not present. Only
have cell surface
membrane
Cell wall and cell
surface membrane
present
Chloroplasts
Not present
Present for
photosynthesis
Carbohydrate
Storage
In form of glycogen
In form of starch
Vacuole
Not usually present.
Small/
temporary vacuoles
sometimes found
Large fluid-filled
vacuoles
Shape
Can change shape;
rounded
Fixed shape; regular
Animal Cell
Source: http://cmweb.pvschools.net/~bbecke/newell/images/cells/AnimalCell.jpg
Plant Cell
Source: http://www.molecularexpressions.com/cells/plants/images/plantcell450.jpg
• Detailed pictures of an animal and plant
cells can also be seen in the Campbell
textbook pp. 114-115.
2.3.6 Outline two roles of
extracellular components
1. The plant cell wall maintains cell shape,
prevents excessive water uptake, and
holds the whole plant up against the force
of gravity. The main component of the cell
wall is cellulose. Bundle of cellulose is
called microfibils. These also give great
tensile strength and allow high pressure to
develop inside the plant cell.
2. Animal cells secrete glycoproteins (proteins
with covalently bonded carbohydrate, usually
short chains of sugars) that form the
extracellular matrix (ECM). The most abundant
glycoprotein in the ECM of most animal cells is
collagen, which forms strong fibers outside the
cells. The collagen fibers are embedded in a
network woven from proteoglycans, which are
glycoproteins of another class. The ECM of
animal cells function in support, adhesion,
movement and regulation.
*More information from Campbell textbook pp.133
Vocabulary List
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Ribosomes
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Lysosome
Golgi Apparatus
Mitochondrion
Nucleus
Naked DNA
Cytoplasm
Nuclear Membrane
Organelles
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Glycoproteins
Cellulose
Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
Collagen
• Proteoglycans
• Tensile Strength
• Microfibils