Dairy Products
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Dairy Products
include milk, yogurt,
cheese, ice cream,
and pudding.
Cream, butter, sour
cream are also dairy
products but they
also have a large
amount of fat.
Milk
One of the most well-liked foods.
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Pasteurization-milk is
heat treated to destroy
harmful bacteria
Homogenizationmechanical process that
prevents the cream
from rising to the
surface of milk.
Lactose-Intolerantmilk sugar often causes
problems for some
people.
Types of Milk
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Whole-3.3% fat by
weight with 48% of
the calories from fat.
Low-Fat-is 1-2 %
fat by weight with
16-38% calories
from fat.
Skim-Contains only
a trace of fat.
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Imitation milk-not
a dairy product
Other Types of Milk
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Buttermilk-has a tart,
buttery flavor and
smooth, thick texture. It
was originally the fluid
left after the cream was
churned into butter. Now
it is made from cultured
low fat milk.
Chocolate Milk-has
chocolate or cocoa and
sweetener added.
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Nonfat Dry Milk-a
powdered form of skim
milk.
Evaporated milkcanned whole or skim
milk that contains only
half the amount of water.
Sweetened Condensed
Milk-concentrated
sweetened canned milk.
Used for desserts and
candy.
Other Types of Milk
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Dairy Products made from milk to which
helpful bacteria have been added are
cultured milk dairy products.
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Examples:
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Yogurt
Buttermilk
Kefir- has been used for centuries in the
Middle East and Russia.
Butter
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Churning cream
creates butter.
Storing Dairy Products
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All dairy products are highly
perishable. Cover and store in the
coldest part of the refrigerator.
Keep containers tightly covered to
prevent contamination and off flavors.
Keep milk away from light-which
destroys the riboflavin in the milk.
Store milk in the original container.
Cheese
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Cheese is a
concentrated form
of milk.
To make cheese,
milk is coagulatedthe curd (solid part)
is separated from
the whey (liquid
part)
Kinds of Cheese
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Unripened Cheese
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Have not been
allowed to age or
ripen.
Examples
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Cottage cheese
Cream cheese
Farmer’s Cheese
Ricotta Cheese
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Ripened Cheese
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Made with controlled
amounts of bacteria,
mold, yeast, or enzymes.
Has been allowed to
ripen. Aging can be from
two weeks to two years.
Examples
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Cheddar
Swiss
Mozzarella
Colby
Process Cheese
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Processed Cheese- products that are
made from other cheeses, such as
Velveeta Cheese.
Processed cheese blends more easily in
cooked cheese dishes than natural cheese
because of the emulsifiers (holds
things together) it contains.
Cooking with Milk and Cream
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Because milk is protein food, special care must be taken
during cooking to prevent the following:
 Scorching-burning that results in a color change.
To prevent, use low heat.
 Curdling-high temperature, acids, tannins, enzymes
and salts cause the milk proteins to coagulate and
cause clumps. Use a low temperature and fresh milk
to prevent.
Whipping Properties of Cream
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Sugar decreases the volume and
stiffness of whipped cream You should
add the sugar after the cream is thick.
Preparing Common Milk Based
Foods
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White Sauce-starch thickened milk product.
Classic White Sauce is prepared with a roux- a
cooked paste of flour and fat. The ratio is one part
flour to one part fat.
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Melt the fat over low heat. Stir in flour to form a roux.
Stir in milk. Stir constantly as you cook the mixture over
medium heat until it thickens into a smooth sauce.
You can use a slurry (a liquid mixture of milk and flour) to
thicken a white sauce.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VlMtbX-0ABA
Food Science Principles of
Cooking Puddings
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All puddings require the use of moderate
cooking temperatures to prevent scorching
and over coagulation of the eggs.
When you use eggs in puddings, you should
first add a small amount of the hot pudding
to the beaten eggs. You can add the diluted
egg mixture to the rest of the hot pudding.
Eggs added directly to the hot mixture will
coagulate into lumps. This is called tempering
the eggs.
http://www.foodnetwork.com/videos/how-totemper-eggs-video/85017.html
Cooking with Cheese
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Like all high protein
foods, heat can
adversely affect cheese.
If you cook cheese at
too high of a
temperature, the
cheese will become
rubbery and tough.
When the proteins in
cheese
overcoagulate, the
cheese becomes tough
and rubbery and the fat
may separate.