The Islam religion was founded by Prophet
Mohammed in the seventh century. In 622 he
founded the first Islamic state, a theocracy in
Medina, a city in western Saudi Arabia located
north of Mecca. This is the place where
muslims go to pilgrimage (hadj)
• Today there are nearly 65 states or countries with
significant or majority populations who are Muslim. They
include some of the largest nations in the world in terms of
population, such as Indonesia, Nigeria, and Pakistan. Others
are small countries like Qatar, Bahrain. Many are secular
republics such as Indonesia, or monarchies such as Saudi
Arabia, or so-called “Islamic states” such as Iran. Some are
democracies, such as Malaysia and Turkey . No majority
Muslim state exists in Europe or the Americas. In almost all
of those states where a majority of the population is
Muslim, a belief in Islam serves as a common bonding
among diverse inhabitants in politics and life. It is a source
of faith and a significant foundation of social identity and
community relations. Almost all of these Muslim states are
also developing nations that have only recently emerged
from European colonialism.
At this moment Muslim population stands at
1.7 billion
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Indonesia
Pakistan
India
Bangladesh
Egypt
Nigeria
Iran
Turkey
Algeria
Morocco
203 million
174 million
161 million
145 million
79 million
78 million
74 million
74 million
34 million
32 million
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Iraq
30 million
Sudan
30 million
Afghanistan 28 million
Ethiopia
28 million
Uzbekistan 26 million
Saudi Arabia25 million
Yemen
23 million
China
22 million
Syria
20 million
Russia
16 million
.
The majority of the world’s billion Muslims are
Sunnis. Approximately 10 to 15 percent of all
Muslims follow the Shiite branch (pronounced
Shi‘ite, Shi‘a or Shia). Beyond that, it gets slightly
complicated: Who lives where, and why the
differences and conflicts between them? The
answer is less daunting than it seems.
Sunnis form the overwhelming majority in
countries such as Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Yemen,
Pakistan, Indonesia, Turkey, Algeria, Morocco and
Tunisia. Shiites form the majority only in Iran,
Iraq, Bahrain, and Azerbaijan, but they constitute
sizable minorities in Afghanistan, Kuwait,
Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and
Yemen.
Question: What's the Difference Between Shia
and Sunni Muslims?
• Answer: Both Sunni and Shia Muslims share the
most fundamental Islamic beliefs and articles of
faith. The differences between these two main
sub-groups within Islam initially stemmed not
from spiritual differences, but political ones. Over
the centuries, however, these political differences
have spawned a number of varying practices and
positions which have come to carry a spiritual
significance. At heart, Sunnis and Shiites are like
Catholics and Protestants in the commonality
of some fundamental beliefs.
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Where is middle east?
The countries in the middle east.
What is the problem in the middle east?
Secret players in the middle east.
The Middle East is today
home to numerous long
established Ethnic groups.
Ethnic Groups
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Turkish
Araps
Kurdish
Jewish
Armenian
Christian
Greek
• Sunni
• Shia
Economy of the Middle East
The Economy of the Middle East is very diverse.
Composed of Bahrain, Cyprus,
Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait,
Lebanon, Oman, the Palestinian Territories, Qatar, Saudi
Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates,
and Yemen the individual economies range from oilexporting economies to government led socialist
economies to free market economies.
Collectively, the Middle
East is best known for
producing and
exporting oil
and natural gas.
Saudi Arabia holds 20%
of the world’s oil reserves, Iraq comes in
second with 18%. Qatar holds 14% of the
world’s natural gas reserves.
The Prime Minister Recep Tayyip
Erdogan
The Foreing Minester Ahmet
Davutoglu
The
Ottoman
Empire
(1299–1923)
Istanbul
The only city in the world
sitting on two continents,
Europe and Asia
Brief Facts about Turkey
75 Million Population, 98% Muslims
Parliamentary Form of Government.
2nd Biggest Standing Armed Force in NATO after the U.S.
Biggest Armed Forces in the Middle East.
15th Largest Economy in the World.
Biggest Economy In the Middle East.
Biggest Manufacturer of Electronics in Europe.
4th Biggest Shipbuilder in the World.
The 2ND fastest growing economy in the World after China.
The world's largest producer of hazelnut,
cherry, fig, apricot, and pomegranate.
The World’s 2nd Largest Construction Industry after China.
Iran
• Population: 70,049,262 in 2006 the Census
• 89% Shia; 10% Sunnis
• The economy of Iran is the 17th largest in the
world.
• Most of the Iran’s exports are Oil and Gas
• Main Industries: Petroleum, Petrochemical.
Fertilizers, Caustic Soda, Car Manufacture, Home
Appliances, Electronics, Telecom, Energy, Power,
Textiles, Construction, cement, food processing,
metal Fabrication armaments
Iraq
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Government: Federal Parliamentary Republic
Population: 31,129,225 as of 2011
Kurt, Arap, Turkmen
60-65% Shia and 32-37% Sunnie
The Iraqi economy is highly dependent on oil.
Iraq was one of the founding members
of OPEC.
Syria
• Population: 22,530,746 as of July 2012
• Government: Unitary Semi-Presidential
Constitutional Republic
• 74% Sunni (Arabs, Kurds, Circassians and
Turkomans; 13% Alawi and Shia; 10% Christians;
3% Druze
• Main Industries: Petroleum, Textiles, Food
Processing, Beverages, Tobacco, Phosphate Rock
mining, Cement, Oil Seeds Crushing, Car
Assembly
Egypt
• Government: Semi-Presidential Republic
• Population: 90 million as of 2012
• 90% Muslim (Mostly Sunni); 105 Christians;
<0.003% Bahá‘í; <200 Judaism members
• Main Industries: Textiles, Food Processing,
Tourism, Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals,
Hydrocarbons, Construction, Cement, Metals,
Light Manufactures
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
• Population: 28,376,355 as of 2010
• Government: Unitary Islamic Absolute
Monarchy
• 16% Shia (Alawites); 74% Sunni
• Economy: Has the world’s 2nd largest oil
reserve; oil accounts for more than 95% of
exports and 70% of Government Revenue; Has
the world’s 6th largest natural gas reserves.
Israel
• Government: Unitary Parliamentary Constitutional
Republic
• Population: 7,900,600 as of 2012
• Main Industries: High-technology products (including
aviation, communications, computer-aided design and
manufacturing, medical electronics, fiber optics, wood
and paper products, potash and phosphates, food,
beverages, and tobacco, caustic soda, cement,
construction, metals, products, chemical products,
plastics, diamond cutting, textiles, footwear
East
What is going on there?
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War To Become Super Power
Rebellion and Conflict
The Threat of Nuclear Energy
Transition to Freedom and Democracy
Normalization and Democratization
Giving Struggle for human right
Supervision to Gas and Petrol
Problems in the Middle East
Given the vast energy resources that
form the backbone of western economies,
influence and involvement in the Middle
East has been of paramount importance
for the former and current imperial and
super powers, including France, Britain,
USA and the former Soviet Union.
US interest on Iraq
• U.S. oil reserves (at current production levels)
would only last only a decade if the U.S. was
cut off from all other oil sources.
• Iraqi oil reserves (at their current use levels)
would last about 526 years.
• Iraq has a reserve of about 112 billion barrels
of oil.
Chinese Interest with regard to Iran
• China’s drive to establish itself as an
alternative to American power.
• Iran’s importance to China’s energy security.
• China’s desire to have positive relations with
all major actors in the Middle East.
• China’s desire to weaken the United States’
military dominance in the region
Chinese Interest with regard to Syria
• China ranked as Syria's
third-largest importer in
2010.
• China sees Syria as an
important trading hub
• GAS AND PETROL Syria
recently finalized 1
billion oil refinery project
with China’s major oil
player the China
National Petroleum
Corporation (CNPC).
Supporters of Syria's president wave Russian,
Chinese and Syrian flags during a pro-regime
rally in central Damascus.
Russia’s interest to Syria
• Russia is one of Syria's biggest arms suppliers.
• Russia supplies the following to Syria:
1. surface to air missiles
2. armoured rocket systems
3. Mig fighter jets.
What is the biggiest problem in
the middle east?
There is only one problem in the
middle east that is approaching or
thinking of the israil government…
oy
.