HEALTH, SAFETY &
ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACH
TO ANCILLARY SYSTEMS
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AGENDA
Ancillary System Requirements
 Primary Goal - Maintain “up-time” / equipment availability
 Manage equipment noise
 Reduce heat rejection
 Achieve low level of emissions output
 Protect equipment
 Enable efficient operation
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COMPRESSION STATION
Exhaust Noise
& Emissions
Ventilation Noise
& Filtration
Air Intake Noise &
Equipment Protection
Piping & Valve
Flow Noise
High Pressure
Blowdown Silencer
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SYSTEM DESIGN APPROACH
 A better solution can be achieved when all HSE requirements are considered
 Design each system (intake, exhaust and auxiliaries) with the total station
goal in mind
 Integrate functional requirements together to avoid unintended consequences
 Example: External thermal insulation reduces the fatigue life of the
exhaust system
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NOISE & EMISSIONS
Noise is limited by:
Exhaust emissions are limited by:
 Laws, ordinances, regulations,
 Laws, ordinances, regulations,
standards and guidelines
standards and guidelines
 Contracts and specifications
 And the existing environmental level
 Frequently, only a +3 to +5 dB
allowable increase to the
existing environment sound
levels
 Contracts and specifications
 Local regulations due to existing
local air quality issues
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SOME TYPICAL A-WTD SOUND LEVELS
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COMMUNITY NOISE
World Heath Organization (WHO):
Critical Health Effects
Outdoor Residential Areas
Serious annoyance, daytime
and evening
55
16
Moderate annoyance, daytime
and evening
50
16
Sleep disturbance, windows
open
45
8
Speech Intelligibility
55
General annoyance
55
School playground
TAL, dB
Time
Base (hrs)
Specific Environment
*TAL – Time based A-weighted sound level
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COMMUNITY NOISE
World Bank Group
Daytime:
07:00-22:00
Receptor Classification
Nighttime
22:00-07:00
Residential, Institutional, Educational
55
45
Industrial, Commercial
70
70
 70 dB is the limit (at the property line) as it has been demonstrated that when
a new facility is built people will live adjacent to or near the facility
 Exposure to continuous 70 dB sound level usually does not cause hearing
loss
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NOISE CONTROL
The Noise Control Model:
Noise Source
Noise Path
Noise Received
 This simple model is used to determine the best noise control or mitigation
approach; that is, which of the three elements is the best choice to control or
reduce the noise.
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SOUND PROPAGATION MODEL
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EXHAUST NOISE CONTROL
Silencer Design
 Reduce sound level out the stack
 Reduce sound through the walls
 Durability and performance over all flow rates & temperatures
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EXHAUST NOISE CONTROL
Internal silencer design
Perf steel
Wire screen
Needlemat
Completed baffle sections
Acoustic pack
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BAFFLE CONSTRUCTION

Hidden perf sheet
seams to prevent flow
induced liner

Failure. 24”/610mm
panel width reduces
pack settling

All edges are captured
within liner frame
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EXHAUST EMISSIONS




Restriction and sizing
optimized
Flow distribution is critical
System thermal design for
catalyst
Integrated monitor system
Catalyst integrated into
overall exhaust system
Typical emission reduction up to 90% CO & 80% VOC
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EXHAUST EMISSIONS
Catalyst housing with flow
distribution plate shown
Catalyst elements installed with
serviceable mounting system
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EXHAUST EMISSIONS
 Flow through catalyst
is analyzed to insure
proper distribution
 System configuration
(elbows and
transitions) can
greatly impact flow
Flow distribution at inlet of
catalyst housing
 Distribution is critical
to catalyst
performance
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EXHAUST EMISSIONS
Emissions Technology
 We work with several catalyst suppliers
 SCR partner if NOx reduction is required.
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INTAKE NOISE CONTROL
Silencer Design
 Reduce sound level out the filter house
 Silencer must be “clean” as it is directly upstream of turbine or engine
 High frequency noise requires critical silencer design
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INTAKE FILTRATION
Alliance with key supply partners
 Provide filtration technology
 Improved turbine protection
 Integrated with silencing, lower
pressure drop and smaller size
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INTAKE FILTRATION
Filtration Options
 Barrier filter panels or pockets
 Cylindrical Pulse clean filters
 Intake chillers, heated louvers, mist & water separators
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EQUIPMENT AVAILABILITY
Ancillary System Design
 Minimize thermal effects in exhaust systems
 Protect acoustical materials to maximize life
 Long filter life / service interval for intake systems
 Minimize pressure drop in systems to improve turbine efficiency
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THERMAL MANAGEMENT
“Lined” Exhaust System Thermal Design
150mm insulation
“Floating” liner
panels
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Outer structural
shell is kept cool,
~60C to minimize
thermal stress
Thermally isolated
connection system
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THERMAL MANAGEMENT
 Temperature across
outer surface is
120C max, typical
temp is 40C
 Stresses are well
below 75% limit for
long life
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HEAT SHIELDING
 Heat shields to reduce heat impact on surround area
 Removable to allow service access to catalyst elements
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PRESSURE DROP – SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
Intake filter
house &
silencer
Turbine
Exhaust
Silencer
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ENCLOSURES & BARRIERS
 Enclosures can provide both a noise control method and personnel safety
 Acoustic performance level is flexible
 ATEX compliant options
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ENCLOSURES & BARRIERS
Barrier walls are another option
when noise source is directional
Provides isolation for additional
equipment
 Piping yard
 Separators
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AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT
High pressure blowdown silencers
 Provide a controlled release of
gas during maintenance &
system changes
 Provide a safety relief in
over-pressure conditions
 Can be designed for a wide
range of pressures & flows
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STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Environmental conditions can vary greatly by
location – proper design is key to safety.
Critical inputs:
 Expected wind speeds
 Seismic activity
 Wave motion for off-shore platforms or
FPSOs
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STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Analytical Methods
 Tools are used extensively to predict
stress levels, resonant frequencies,
bending moments, etc.
 Design adherence to UBC, IBC or
other specialized codes
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SUMMARY
A Full System view:
 Functional requirements (acoustic, aerodynamic, thermal and dimensional)
 Environmental inputs (wind, seismic, blast, etc)
 Design Life requirements (years, thermal cycles, etc)
Inputs enable an integrated solution to best meet all requirements
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THANK YOU
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