AP Psychology Guided Notes #11 Spring Semester 2015 Bacile Unit XI: Abnormal Psychology & Treatment Corresponding Modules: Modules 65-73 Topic: Abnormal (7-9%) and Treatment (5-7%) ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY: CLASSIFICATION Abnormal Psychology: The Basics Stereotypes & Stigmas o Psychological disorders are ______________________________ o Those with psychological disorders are violent o People with psychological disorders behave in a bizarre manner; are considerably __________________________ from “normal” people Impact of these labels and/or stereotypes? Is it really possible to categorize human beings into neat & tidy boxes? o Normal or abnormal? o Mentally healthy or mentally ill? Does abnormal behavior necessarily mean illness? The Medical Model (18th & 19th centuries) o Proposed that it is most useful to think of “abnormal behavior” as _____________________________________________________________ Provided us with many terms: Mental illness, psychological disorder, psychopathology, etc. Its influence remains strong today… What was the focus prior to this? Has the medical model outgrown its usefulness? Terminology o Diagnosis ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ o Etiology ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ o Prognosis ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Abnormal Psychology: The Criteria Deviance o Behavior that deviates from what society considers ______________________________________________________ Varies considerably from one culture to the next Examples o Transvestic fetishism o __________________________ Maladaptive Behavior o A situation in which _________________________________________________________________ is impaired/negatively impacted Example ___________________________________ Personal Distress o An individual’s _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Examples __________________________________ __________________________________ Note: In order to diagnose a psychological disorder, _____________________________________________________________________________________________ needs to be present Abnormal Psychology: The Perspectives Perspective Explanation of Behavior Psychoanalytic Disorders/abnormal behaviors stem from unresolved childhood conflicts Behavioral Disorders/abnormal behaviors are learned responses (i.e. reinforcement) Cognitive Disorders/abnormal behaviors are caused by cognitive processes (thoughts & beliefs) Humanistic Individuals are responsible for their own behavior, even disordered/abnormal behavior Sociocultural Disorders/abnormal behavior is shaped by family, society & culture Implications Abnormal Psychology: Classifications The Diagnostic & Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) o ____________________________________________________________________ o Fifth edition released in 2013 Describes 400 psychological disorders, as opposed to 60 in the 1950s The DSM-V takes a ________________________________________________________ o Axis I: ___________________________________________________________ o Axis II: __________________________________________________________ o Axis III: _________________________________________________________ o Axis IV: _________________________________________________________ o Axis V: __________________________________________________________ Purpose of the DSM-V? o __________________________________________________________________ o __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example of a DSM-V multi-axial evaluation o 49 year-old male Axis I: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD); substance (cocaine) abuser Axis II: _______________________________________________________________________ Axis III: Hypertension Axis IV: _________________________________________________________ (recent divorce, permitted to see children only infrequently, job in in jeopardy) Axis V: __________________________________________________________ Issues with the DSM-V? o Critics of the DSM-V argue that labels may _____________________________________________________________ On the other hand, labels may be _________________________________ for health professionals when communicating with one another & when establishing _______________________________________________ o “Insanity” labels raise ethical questions regarding how society should treat people who have disorders and have committed crimes AP Psychology Guided Notes #11 Spring Semester 2015 Bacile Unit XI: Abnormal Psychology & Treatment Corresponding Modules: Modules 65-73 Topic: Abnormal (7-9%) and Treatment (5-7%) ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY: TREATMENT Abnormal Psychology: Treatment Basics Mental health therapies are classified into two primary categories o The Psychological Therapies/Psychotherapy Includes: Psychoanalysis, psychodynamic therapy & interpersonal therapy _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ o The Biomedical Therapies Eclectic Approach..? Abnormal Psychology: Psychological Therapies Psychological Therapies o Psychoanalysis o Humanistic Therapy o Behavior Therapy o Cognitive Therapy ***For more information, please see corresponding chart… Abnormal Psychology: Biomedical Therapies Overall Trends o Biomedical treatments are generally preferred when treating ____________________________________________________ (i.e. schizophrenia) o Assumes that abnormal behavior is a symptom of an underlying _________________________________________________ Examples _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ BIOMEDICAL THERAPY: DRUGS Psychopharmacology o ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Psychopharmatherapy o The treatment of mental disorders with ________________________________________; also known as drug therapy Major reasons for widespread use of drugs? o Drugs are effective in treating disorders, especially serious disorders o Drug therapies are often ____________________________________________________ than psychotherapy Antipsychotic Drugs (Neuroleptics) Antianxiety Drugs (Anxiolytics) Used to Treat Biological Function Side Effects/Issues Examples Effectiveness BIOMEDICAL THERAPY: STIMULATION Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) o Used to Treat _______________________________________________________________________ o Biological Function Scientific mystery…yes, again… Brief convulsions & temporary loss of consciousness o Side Effects/Issues Antidepressant Drugs (Thymoleptics) Antimania Drugs (Mood Stabilizers) ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ o Alternatives _____________________________________________________________________ BIOMEDICAL THERAPY: SURGERY Psychosurgery (Lobotomy) – Egas Moniz o Used to Treat Not much, if anything…? o Biological Function Brain surgery performed to change a person’s behavior or emotional state _____________________________________________________ o Side Effects/Issues Duh… o Examples _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________