U.S. History
EOCT test
Unit 3 Preparation
SSUSH 6
6a
Explain the Northwest
Ordinance’s importance in the
westward migration of
Americans, and on slavery,
public education, and the
addition of new states.
Essential Questions
1. How did the Northwest Territory impact
westward migration of Americans?
2. How did the Northwest Territory impact
slavery?
3. How did the Northwest Territory impact
Public Education?
4. How did the Northwest Territory impact
the addition of new states?
Essential Question
1. How did the Northwest Territory
impact westward migration of
Americans?
Northwest Territory
• States fought over
this land area for
ownership.
• Gave land claims to
the U.S. government.
• Congress passes 2
laws to control
development and
settlement.
Land Ordinance of 1785
• Establishes definite
boundary lines so
there would be no
confusion over land
ownership.
• Surveyed the land to
sale to citizens to
populate.
Cheap Affordable Land
• Answer to essential question:
Since the land was divided and sold cheaply –
for $1, citizens in the United States could
afford the land. They moved (migrated) in to
the territory after buying the land and settled
communities.
Essential Question
3. How did the Northwest Territory
impact public education?
Public Education
• One Township was
sold off to finance and
support public
education.
• Townships
encouraged to
establish public
schools.
Financing Public Education
• Answer to essential question #3:
One section was sold to finance public
education.
Essential Question
4. How did the Northwest Territory
impact the addition of new
states?
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
• Established process
that territories could
use to become a
state.
1. Set up temp gov’t.
2. 5,000 people elect
rep. to legislature.
3. 60,000 could apply
for statehood.
Process (Steps) to be added as a State
• Answer to essential question #4:
Territories that wanted to be added as a state
had to follow the steps outlined in the
Northwest Ordinance. As new territories (such
as Missouri, Maine, Oregon, and California)
wanted to be added they had to get the
population, adopt a constitution, and elect
representative, etc.
Essential Question
2. How did the Northwest Territory
impact slavery?
Northwest Ordinance effect on Slavery
• Outlawed slavery in the
Northwest Territory.
• Settlers guaranteed freedom
of Religion, freedom of
speech, and other rights.
Northwest Ordinance effect on Slavery
Answer to Essential Question # 2:
• Outlawed slavery in the Northwest Territory.
• Settlers guaranteed freedom of Religion,
freedom of speech, and other rights.
6b
•Describe Jefferson’s
diplomacy in obtaining
the Louisiana Purchase
from France and the
territory’s exploration by
Lewis and Clarke.
Jefferson’s conflict
• Thomas Jefferson really wanted to buy the
Louisiana Purchase but….
• He had argued a Strict interpretation of the
U.S. Constitution as a philosophy.
• This just meant that the U.S. Constitution’s
language did not expressly say that he, as
president, could purchase property.
• The opportunity to buy challenged his strict
constructionist viewpoint.
Characteristics
Definition
A political opinion that an
individual should interpret
(understand) the Constitution
for what is actually stated.
Literal interpretation of words
by what is actually written.
Face value of words actually
written.
:
Examples
Strict
Constructionist
Mr. Howell says that you can’t
Go the snack machine during instruction
Time.
You argue to Mr. Howell that the
Teacher was not teaching at the time
that you visited the snack machine.
Non-Examples
Reading between the lines.
Accepting implied reasoning
for phrases and clauses.
Broad Constructionist
“Elastic Clause” Necessary &
Proper Clause
Jefferson Submits and Buys
• Thomas Jefferson purchased the territory
because he believed it would benefit all
Americans despite his personal interpretation
of the U.S. Constitution.
• The land purchase doubles the land area of
the United States.
• He paid $15 million.
Thomas Jefferson
• President that purchased the Louisiana
Territory from France
• Increased U.S. size two times Larger
• Mississippi to Rocky Mountains
--- Purchased
from
Napoleon
Lewis & Clarke Expedition
•
•
•
•
Corps of discovery
initiated by Thomas Jefferson
16-month expedition
charted the trails west,
mapped rivers and mountain
ranges,
• collected samples of
unfamiliar animals and plants,
• and recorded facts and figures
about the various Native
American tribes west of the
Mississippi River
6c
•Explain the major
reasons for the War of
1812 and the war’s
significance on the
development of a
national Identity.
British trade restrictions
between U.S. & France;
seized Neutral
commercial vessels
British Policy of
Impressment
Causes War of
1812
Inciting Native
Americans and Arming
them to stop American
expansion
British in Ohio River
Valley & would not
leave; Americans
wanted Canada
History
Tensions Existed
after the
Revolutionary War
Interruption of Trade
• Great Britain blockades ships out of
the sea area in the Atlantic entering
near France.
• Neutral vessels had to report To
British Ports to get a license to trade
in Europe.
• This Disrupted American Trade.
• Americans were angry.
Impressment
• The British would capture American
Commercial ships that did not report
to British ports and get a license.
• As Punishment – Americans were
Conscripted “forced against their will”
into the British Navy.
• This is called IMPRESSMENT
British in Ohio River Valley
• The British still occupied the territory
considered to belong to the Americans
around the Northwest Territory, or Ohio
River Valley.
• The British refused to leave this area and
attempted have an influence there.
• Many believed the British were inciting the
Native Americans to attack American
property and citizens.
Manifest Destiny
• Competition in the Fur Trade.
• Manifest Destiny (Expansionist sentiment by War
hawks).
• Some Members of Congress called War Hawks
were driven by expansionist ideas and manifest
Destiny and declared war in order to get new
lands for the U.S.
British
Impressment
British
Interrupting
U.S. Trade
with Europe
Manifest
Destiny
British in
Northwest
Territory
War of
1812
British Inciting
(Arming) Native
Americans
Competition in
the Fur Trade
Commodore William Bainbridge
Commodore Stephen Decatur
Treaty of Ghent
Ends the
War of 1812
Battle of New Orleans
• Fought after the
Treaty of Ghent and
the official end of the
War of 1812
• General Andrew
Jackson and his troops
defeat the British at
New Orleans
Results of War of 1812
• Andrew Jackson becomes
national hero for winning Battle
of New Orleans.
• Americans experience an
increased feeling of national
Pride. Refer to themselves as
“Americans”
National Identity
• All Across the United States citizens
were proud that the country was
strong enough to defeat the British
army and Navy once More.
• PROUD TO BE AMERICAN!
6d
Describe the construction of
the Erie Canal, the rise of
New York City, and the
development of the nation’s
infrastructure.
Essential Question
1.Why was the Erie Canal
Built?
American System
• Henry Clay
• Goal was to unite the Nation
1. Protective Tariff to protect N.E.
manufactures
2. 2nd Bank of the U.S. to issue a National
Currency
3. Internal improvements / roads and bridges
built to connect the Nation / Erie Canal
connecting Great lakes to Hudson River
Essential Question
2. What was the significance
of the construction of the
Erie Canal?
Erie Canal
• Canal that connects
the Great lakes with
the Atlantic Ocean
and Buffalo with
Albany, NY.
• This was the most
spectacular
engineering project of
the young U.S.
Importance of Erie Canal
• Canal connected east to west U.S. and
provided faster route westward.
• New York rises to become the major entrance
point to the United States.
• The Hudson River was used to connect to the
Erie Canal.
• New immigrants could find their way to the
frontier by way of the River and the Canal.
Essential Question
3. How did New York City
rise after the building of
the Erie Canal?
Importance of Erie Canal
• Canal connected east to west U.S. and
provided faster route westward.
• New York rises to become the major
entrance point to the United States.
• The Hudson River was used to connect to
the Erie Canal.
• New immigrants could find their way to
the frontier by way of the River and the
Canal.
Major Economic & Trade Point
• Because goods going to the west
from Europe had to pass through
New York City many financial matters
took place there.
• Any goods coming from the west
going to Europe had to come
through New York City as well.
New York City
Became Great Economic
Center
Center of Trade between
Europe & Western U.S.
Banking & Commercial Activities
Essential Question
4. How did the building of
the Erie Canal improve
the nation’s
infrastructure?
Goods & People Move West
• The Erie Canal joined
the East coast of the
U.S. (Atlantic Ocean)
to the Great Lakes
region.
• Allowed goods and
people to travel west
easier.
• Mississippi
River Basin /
West
Connects
Connects
•Erie
Canal
•Atlantic
Ocean
Connects
Continuous water route
from the Atlantic Ocean
to the Great Lakes.
Immigrants Enter at Ellis Island
New York City
New York become a bustling City
6e
Describe the reasons
for and the
importance of the
Monroe Doctrine.
“Era of Good Feelings”
• After war of 1812, nationalism growing, one
political party in power – Republican.
President James Monroe
Monroe Doctrine - 1823
a U.S. doctrine which proclaimed
that European powers should no
longer Colonize or interfere with
the affairs of the nations of the
Americas.
Warned
Europe to
stay out of
Western
Hemisphere
Western
Hemisphere
SSUSH 7
7a
Explain the impact of the
Industrial Revolution as seen in
Eli Whitney’s invention of the
cotton gin and his development
of interchangeable parts for
muskets.
Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution
• A time when
advances in
technology led to
massive economic
changes.
• Factories using
mechanization
increase.
• Transform
Manufacturing
Eli Whitney - Muskets
• Interchangeable Parts
• Increased and
improved Northern
Manufacturing
• Started making more
Muskets.
• More factories used
the idea of
interchangeable parts
to increase technology
of products.
Eli Whitney
• Cotton Gin
• Increased need for
slaves in the South
• Increased production
of cotton in the
south.
Sectionalism
Eli Whitney contributed to
the economic splitting of
the United States in two
sections of the country.
North
• One based on
Manufacturing
• Supported
Tariffs
• Opposed
spread of
Slavery west
South
• Based on
agriculture.
• Based on
Institution of
Slavery.
• Opposed Tariffs.
• Supported spread
of slavery west.
Sectionalism
North
•
•
•
•
Manufacturing
Wanted Tariffs
Opposed Slavery
Stop spread of
slavery to
western states
South
•
•
•
•
Agriculture
Opposed Tariffs
Protected Slavery
Spread slavery to
western states
Manufacturing
Spread
Slavery
Protect
Slavery
Abolition
Stop Spread of
Slavery
Agriculture
7b
Describe the westward
growth of the United
States; include the
emerging concept of
Manifest Destiny.
Manifest Destiny
• Belief God
was on the
side of U.S.
expansion
from the
Atlantic
Ocean to the
Pacific
Ocean.
Atlas Online
http://www.animatedatlas.com/movie.html
Westward Expansion
Texas
• Tejas – a territory in Mexico populated by
Americans when Moses Austin was granted
permission to establish a colony there.
• Stephen Austin – Moses’ son establishes
Tejas.
• Citizens of Tejas feel unfairly taxed and
managed by Mexican President Santa Ana
• Declare their Independence.
Texas War for Independence
• Battle of the Alamo- 13
day seige
• Feb. 23-Mar. 6, 1836
• Mexicans under Santa
Ana defeat Texans.
• 100 Texans v. 1500
Mexican troops.
• All Texans die; 400
Mexicans
• “Remember the Alamo”
Texans Win- “Lone Star Republic”
• Texans beat Santa
Ana at the Battle of
San Jacinto.
• Led by Sam Houston.
• Force Santa Ana to
recognize
Independence.
• Texas became an
Independent
Republic. 1836-1845
Texas Annexed
Then War With Mexico
Border Dispute
• Texas annexed in 1845
• U.S. says Mexico’s northern border is Rio
Grande River.
• Mexico says Mexico’s northern border is
Nueces River.
• Mexican American War begins over the
border of Texas.
• James K. Polk was President
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
• Mexico cedes what
later becomes
California, Nevada,
Utah, part of New
Mexico, part of
Arizona.
Gadsden Purchase
• 1853 - U.S. Pays
Mexico $15 Million
for the dark gray
area which is
southern Arizona
and southern New
Mexico.
• Settles the southern
border of the U.S.
Oregon Territory
Joint Occupation of Oregon
• 1842 thousands of United
States settlers moved to
Oregon seeking a better
life.
• Oregon Trail.
• James K. Polk argued to
Great Britain U.S. owned
up to 54 degrees 40
minutes line of latitude.
Oregon Trail
54° 40' or Fight
• Many Americans
advocated
(supported) war
against Great Britain
to get control of the
Oregon Territory.
• Slogan became James
K. Polk’s campaign
slogan. – He Won!
Manifest Destiny
Complete
By 1853
7c
Describe the reform
movements, specifically
temperance, abolitionism,
and public school.
Characteristics
Definition
To Change, Improve Improve
Modify
Change
Alter
Reform Movements:
Organized attempts to
improve problems in
society
To Make
More
Democratic
:
Examples
REFORM
Non-Examples
Horace MannPublic Education reform
To create tax funded public schools
Raise teacher pay, extend school
year
Slave Masters
keeping the
Status quo
Temperance Movement
Movement led
by women to
end the
consumption of
Alcohol.
Public Schools
Leader: Horace Mann
Purpose:
• Tax funded public
School
• Raise Teacher Pay
• Extend School year
Definition
A person who wishes to put
an end to or eliminate
Slavery.
Abolitionist movement:
organized effort by a
group of people to end
slavery
Characteristics
Stop Slavery
Put and end to slavery
Do away with slavery
Eliminate slavery
Get rid of slavery
:
Examples
Abolitionist
William Loyd Garrison
white abolitionist leader and
publisher of The Liberator
Frederick Douglas—
former slave and
publisher of The North
Star
Non-Examples
To enslave
Bind
Yoke
shackle
Frederick Douglas
• Former urban slave who escaped.
• Famous abolitionist and owner of the
newspaper called “North Star”
William Lloyd Garrison
• White Abolitionist
• Publisher of the Newspaper,
• “The Liberator”
Sarah & Angelina Grimke
• Parents owned
slaves
• Grew up on a
plantation
• Abolitionist
• Spoke out
against slavery.
7d
Explain women’s efforts to
gain suffrage; include
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
and the Seneca Falls
Conference.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
• Led the early
women’s suffrage
(right to vote)
movement.
• Organized the Seneca
Falls Convention
where women won
the right to vote by a
narrow margin.
Definition
Characteristics
The right to vote
To go to the polls
to vote.
To allow to vote.
:
Examples
Suffrage
Jacksonian DemocracyPeople that do not own land can vote
Property requirements dropped.
African American Suffrage
15th Amendment – right to
vote
Non-Examples
Poll Tax
Grandfather
clause
Literacy Tests
Seneca Falls Convention –
Declaration of Sentiments
Worded much like
the Declaration of
Independence
was a Declaration
for women.
Declaration of Sentiments
“We hold these truths to be self-evident:
that all men and women are created
equal; that they are endowed by their
Creator with certain inalienable rights;
that among these are life, liberty, and
the pursuit of happiness; that to secure
these rights governments are instituted,
deriving their just powers from the
consent of the governed”.
7e
Explain Jacksonian
Democracy, expanding
suffrage, the rise of popular
political culture, and the
development of American
nationalism.
Expanded Suffrage
• Released the Property
requirement to vote.
• More of the common
class could vote.
• Disliked large business
interests or groups and
liked small businesses
and small farmers.
• For the Common Man
Mudslinging in Election of 1828
• John Q. Adams
• Misusing public funds
• Purchased gambling
devices for presidential
mansion
• Andrew Jackson
• Wife Unfaithful
(Adultery)
• Duels
• Massacring Native
Americans
• Execution of soldiers
Rise of Popular Political Culture
•Presidential campaigns
•Increase in Public
participation
Famous Trials West
• Trail of Tears
• Part of Indian
Removal Act
supported by
Andrew Jackson
• Cherokee of
Georgia removed
to reservations in
Oklahoma
Spoils System
• Fist used by Andrew
Jackson
• Appointed friends
and supporters to
government offices.
American Nationalism
•
•
•
•
•
•
Manifest Destiny
Common religion
English Language
Ancestry
Culture
Expand in Manifest Destiny