Standard 6
The student will analyze the nature of
territorial and population growth and
the impact of this growth in the early
decades of the new nation.
A
The Northwest Ordinance
• It established the precedent by which the U.S. would
expand westward across North America by the admission
of new states, rather than by the expansion of existing
states.
– The new states that were added were Ohio, Indiana, Michigan,
Illinois, Wisconsin, and Minnesota.
• "Religion, morality, and knowledge" are "necessary to good
government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the
means of education shall forever be encouraged.“
– This means that the government was held responsible for the
education of its citizens.
– This essentially creates a public schooling system in the territory
and promotes the creation of colleges and universities.
• Which was the first state to be created by the
Enabling Act of 1802, which set forth the
requirements for territories to achieve
statehood?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Alaska
Hawaii
Michigan
Ohio
The Northwest Ordinance and Slavery
• The ordinance prohibited slavery in the region
• The banning of slavery in the territory had the
effect of establishing the Ohio River as the
boundary between free and slave territory in
the region between the Appalachian
Mountains and the Mississippi River.
– This becomes important later in American history
when the country continues to expand westward
and the expansion of slavery becomes a bigger
issue.
A map of the Northwest Territory
• The land in the Northwest Territories was
ceded to the United States following
A. The defeat of Spanish colonies in the region.
B. Great Britain’s defeat in the American
Revolution.
C. The Indian removal that occurred after the
French and Indian War.
D. The withdrawal of the French colonists following
the French Revolution.
B
Louisiana Purchase
• The U.S. paid $15 million for
the purchase.
• The purchase doubled the
size and the debt of the U.S.
• Jefferson bought the land to
prevent the French from
establishing themselves on
the continent.
• Many people opposed the
purchase because they felt
that it made the federal
government too powerful.
• St. Louis and New Orleans
were included in the
purchase.
• The Louisiana Purchase of 1803
A. Pushed the Spanish below the Rio Grande in
North America.
B. Resulted in increased conflict between the U.S.
and France.
C. Resulted in the removal of all British military
forces from North America.
D. Almost doubled the area of the U.S. and gave it
control of the Mississippi River.
• Napoleon was prompted to sell the Louisiana
Territory to the United States because
A. He had lost control of the revolution in France.
B. He needed to raise money to wage war with
Great Britain.
C. He had received an unfavorable ruling at the
Congress of Vienna.
D. He feared US aggression should he fail to placate
Thomas Jefferson.
• Which of these caused the United States to
grow the most?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Land won from the Mexican War
The annexation of Alaska
The Louisiana Purchase
The Gadsden Purchase
Lewis and Clark
• Meriwether Lewis and William Clark
led what was the first American
overland expedition to the Pacific
coast and back.
– Sacagawea served as a guide and
interpreter.
• Originally intended to determine
exactly what was obtained in the
Louisiana Purchase, the expedition
laid much of the groundwork for
the Westward Expansion of the
United States.
• The new knowledge they obtained
about the Northwest's geography,
natural resources, and native
inhabitants sparked American
interest in the west, and
strengthened the nation's claim to
the area.
• In their journey westward, Lewis and Clark
traveled the furthest distance on which river?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Columbia
Mississippi
Missouri
Snake
C
Reasons for the War of 1812
1. A series of trade restrictions introduced by Britain to
impede American trade with France.
2. The impressment (forced recruitment) of U.S. citizens
into the Royal Navy.
3. The British military support for American Indians who
were offering armed resistance to the expansion of
the American frontier to the Northwest.
4. An unstated but powerful motivation for the
Americans was the desire to uphold national honor in
the face of what they considered to be British insults.
• In the War of 1812, the United States
A. Fought Mexico for territory in the Southwest.
B. Gained the Florida territory from the Spanish.
C. Fought France for control of the Louisiana
Territory.
D. Responded to England’s attempts to restrict US
trade in Europe.
The Treaty of Ghent
• The war was ended by the Treaty of Ghent on December
24, 1814.
• The terms stated that fighting between the United States
and Britain would cease, all conquered territory was to be
returned to the prewar claimant, the Americans were to
gain fishing rights in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, and that
both the United States and Britain agreed to recognize the
prewar boundary between Canada and the United States.
– Basically nobody gained anything from this war.
• The treaty ignored the grievances that led to war.
– American complaints of Indian raids, impressment and
blockades were not mentioned in the treaty. The treaty proved
to be merely an expedient to end the fighting.
• Which of these best describes the result of the
Treaty of Ghent (1814)?
A. The United States acquired Michigan.
B. Canada became part of the British Empire.
C. The United States agreed to stop stealing British
slaves.
D. Seized lands were returned to their respective
countries.
The Battle of New Orleans
• Unaware of the peace,
Andrew Jackson's forces
moved to New Orleans,
Louisiana in late 1814 to
defend against a large-scale
British invasion.
• Jackson defeated the British
at the Battle of New
Orleans.
• It was hailed as a great
victory for the U.S., making
Jackson a national hero and
eventually propelling him to
the presidency.
The Effects of the War of 1812
1. The U.S. ended the aboriginal threat on its
western and southern borders.
2. The nation also gained a psychological sense of
complete independence as people celebrated
their "second war of independence.“
3. Nationalism soared after the victory at the
Battle of New Orleans.
4. The opposition Federalist Party collapsed, and
the Era of Good Feelings ensued.
5. The United States no longer questioned the
need for a strong Navy.
D
Erie Canal
• The Erie Canal is a
man-made
waterway in New
York that runs
about 363 miles
from Albany on
the Hudson River
to Buffalo at Lake
Erie, completing a
navigable water
route from the
Atlantic Ocean to
the Great Lakes.
The Impact of the Erie Canal
• It also increased trade
throughout the nation by
opening eastern and overseas
markets to Midwestern farm
products and by enabling
migration to the Great Lakes
region and the West.
• The Erie Canal made an
immense contribution to the
wealth and importance of New
York City.
– Many of the immigrants to New
York at this time worked on the
canal.
– Because the canal made
migration to the West possible,
New York City became a major
entry point for many immigrants.
• After the Erie Canal was constructed
A. Many people emigrated to the South.
B. There was a significant recession in New York.
C. Both trade and the number of jobs in New York
declined.
D. New cities were built along the shores of the
Great Lakes.
E
The Monroe Doctrine
• The Monroe Doctrine was
a United States policy
which said that further
efforts by European
governments to colonize
land or interfere with
countries in the Americas
would be viewed by the
US as acts of aggression
requiring US intervention.
The Monroe Doctrine
Reasons for:
• Its primary objective was to free
the newly independent colonies
of Latin America from European
intervention and control.
• The doctrine advocated that the
New World and the Old World
were to remain distinctly
separate spheres of influence.
• President Monroe claimed the
United States of America,
although only a fledgling nation
at the time, would not interfere
in European wars or internal
dealings, and in turn, expected
Europe to stay out of the affairs
of the New World.
Importance of:
• It created a sphere of
influence in the Western
Hemisphere for the US.
• It was also an attempt by
the US to assert its
influence upon a part of the
world.
• It was also a demonstration
of the new American spirit
of nationalism
• The Monroe Doctrine (1823) COULD have
been used in response to which of these
events?
A. The French invasion of Mexico by Napoleon III
B. The secession of South Carolina from the Union
C. The removal of Indian cultures from the
American west
D. The war with Mexico for control of the American
southwest
• The Monroe Doctrine can be viewed as a
moral opposition to
A.
B.
C.
D.
Racism
Slavery
Communism
Colonialism
• Page 222: 4, 5, 8, 9, 13, and 16
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