Spring
Information Systems in
Construction Projects
Management
Information System Design and
Applications in Construction Industry
by
Prof.Dr. Alaattin KANOĞLU
I.T.U. Faculty of Architecture
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Outline
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Basic concepts
Basic problem areas in CM
Basic objectives of IS
Information types required in Building Production Process
Components of CBIS in conceptual dimension
Information System analysis
Steps of IS analysis
Eras of IS
Diffusion and Infusion concepts in IS
Patterns of IS
Basic dimensions of IT in Building Production Process
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Basic Concepts




Information
Information System (IS)
Information Technology (IT)
Information Society
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Basic problem areas in construction project management
Amaç/Kapsam
Yönetimi
Scope
Maliyet
Yönetimi
Organizasyon
Yönetimi
Cost
PPP
Organiz.
Bütünleþik
Planlama
Süre(ç)
Yönetimi
Time
Kalite
Yönetimi
Risk
Yönetimi
Quality
Risk
Project Planning & Programming
Kaynak
Yönetimi
Resource
Temin
Yönetimi
Procurem
Ýletiþim
Yönetimi
Commun.
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Information concept
1. Knowledge obtained by education, experience etc.
2. Intelligence related to a certain event or situation,
3. Data Group: statistical information,
4. News
5. Messages transmitted as sounds and images via
phone lines or computer networks or radio waves ,
neural impulses in living organisms etc..
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Types of Information
• knowledge
• intelligence
• data
• news
• impressions
• messages
• etc.
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
What is information system?
Information system (IS):
An organized combination of people,
hardware, software, communication
networks, and data resources that collects,
transforms and disseminates information in
an organization.
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
What is information technology?
Information technology (IT):
Any device which is used for gathering, recording,
transforming and disseminating the information.
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management

Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Scottus Eriugena (scholastic approaches)

Isaac Newton
(scientific and scholastic approaches)

Paracelsus
(scientific and scholastic approaches)

Adam Smith
(industrial society)

Bill Gates
(information society)

Isaac Asimov
(social engineering)

Alvin Toffler
(projections for future)
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
What is the objective of IS’s?
A positive contribution by information
systems can come in three forms;
• Efficiency measured by productivitydoing things better
(support of business operations)
Strategical Level
• Effectiveness accomplished by
broadening the scope of individual
tasks- doing better/right things
(support of managerial decision
making)
Tactical Level
• Competitive advantage gained by
enterprise - doing better and new
things
(support of strategic management)
Operational Level
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Information types required in BPP?
Different types of information are needed in building
production process management.
For example;
• Knowledge related to construction technology,
• Intelligence related to competitors,
• Data related to cost, duration of activities etc.,
• News related to bids, competitors, materials etc.,
• Impressions related to construction market,
• etc.
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Who utilize the information technology?
• Entrepreneurs
• Software Developers
• Designers
• Education Foundations
• Consultancy
Companies
• Research Foundations
• Suppliers /Vendors
• Contractors / Subcontractors
• Information Providers
• Public Authorities
• etc.
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Information required by Entrepreneurs?
• Decision Making Phase
Information related to
technical, organizational,
economic feasibility studies,
etc.,
• Design Phase
Information related to costs
of alternatives, etc.,
• Contracting Phase
Information related to
preparing contracts and
specifications, etc.,
• Construction Phase
Information related to work
progress, cash flow, quality,
etc.,
• Marketing Phase
Information related to Market
Information related to project
conditions, consumer
delivery approaches,
tendencies, maintenance
organizational patterns, etc.,
plan, etc.,
• Bid & Tender Phase
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Information required by Designers?

Projects available in the
market,

Special information for
special parts of projects,

Preliminary decisions which
will be based on in design
phase,


Technology, cost limitation,
customer profile,
Feedback information from
site related to problems
originating from design
failures ,

Information which will be
obtained from engineering
offices for integration of
subsystems in project…

etc.

Legal limitations, codes and
regulations related to
construction and the project,
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Impacts of new organizational patterns?
Total Involvement Engineering (TIE)
is an approach which
• is based on team concept instead of a hierarchical
organization and improving this concept during
construction process ,
• obtains the participation of stakeholders via more
organic relationships,
• due to this, requires advanced information systems
and technology
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Information flow in TIE approach?
Owner/Entrepreneur/
Investor
Consultancy
Group
Proj
ect
Project
General
Contractor
Design Group
Project Manager
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Concurrent Engineering
HVAC Systems
Architectural
Design
Project
Lighting Systems
Sanitary
Systems
Structural System
Electronic Systems
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Information required by Constructors?
• Procurement Phase
Information related to
available projects,
competitors, etc.
• Bidding Phase
Information for determining
bid price and markup, risks,
competitors’ strategies,
company strategy, past
experiences, etc.,
• Contracting Phase
Information for determining
contract conditions to
minimize the risks, etc.,
• Planning Phase
Information related to crews,
their performances and
duration of activities, etc.,
• Construction Phase
Information related to
progress, problems and
solutions, etc.,
• Close out Phase
Information related to
closeout process, work
progress, quality problems,
etc....
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Substructure for information flow

Communication among functional departments within
design office or site - Intranet

Communication among HQ’s functional departments
- Intranet

Communication among HQ and offices/sites Internet

Communication among offices/sites - Internet
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Components of CBIS Model ?
Kompüter Destekl i
Enformasyon Si stemi
(CBIS)
problems
data process.s.
Probl eml er
Veri Ýþleme
Sistemi
manag.inform.s.
Yöneti m Enformas.
Sistemi
decisions
Kararlar
enform asyon
information
solutions
Çözüm ler
decision supp.s.
Karar Destek
Sistemi
office autom.s.
Ofis Otom asyon
Sistemi
expert systems
Uzm an Si stem ler
Þekil 4 - Kompüter Destekli Enformasyon Sistemi Modeli
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Functions vs IS Components
Information System Components
Functions
DB
MIS
DSS
Planning
X
X
X
Personnel
X
X
X
Equipment
X
Material
X
X
X
XXX
X
XXX
Quality
X
X
X
Subcontractor
X
X
Communication
X
Design
X
Cost
ES
OAS
X
X
X
X
XXX
X
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
X
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Data Processing System Model
Y önetim
management
information
enf ormasy on
Veri Ýþleme
Sof tware'i
veri-iþleme
sistemi
database
software
information
enf ormasy on
data processing system
data
v eri
input Girdi
Fiziksel Kay nakl.
physical resources
database
v eritabaný
Dönüþtürme
transformation
v eri
data
Çýktý
output
Fiziksel Kay nakl.
physical resources
ÇEVRE
environment
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Þekil 5 - Veri Ýþleme Sistemi Modeli
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Management Information System Model
Organizasyona Ait
Problem Çözücüler
Problem Solvers
information
information
enformasyon
enformasyon
Raporlama
Matematik
Reporting
Software
Software'i
veri
Mathematical
Models
Modeller
data
veri
data
information
veritabaný
database
enformasyon
yönetim
enformasyon sistemi
management information system
ÇEVRE
environment
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Þekil 6 - Yönetim Enformasyon Sistemi Modeli
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Decision Support System Model
communication
iletiþim
Bireysel
Problem
Individual
Diðer
Grup
Other
Group
Üyeleri
Members
Çözücüler
Problem
Solvers
iletiþim
communication
iletiþim
communication
information
enformasyon
Raporlama
Reporting
Software'i
Matematik
Mathematical
Modeller
Software
Grafik Decision
Karar
Graph.
Destek
sistemi
Support
System.
Models
ÇEVRE
environment
veridata
veridata
data
veri
enformasyon
information
database
information
decision support system
karar destek sistemi
data
veri
enformasyon
information
Information Systems
in 9Construction
Projects
Management
Þekil
- Karar Destek Sistemi
Modeli
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Office Automation System Model
COMPANY
FÝRMA
ofis otomasyon sistemi
Kompüter T abanl ý
Olmayan Ofis Otm.
Uygulamal arý
non-computer-based
OAS application
iletiþim
problem solver
Problem Çözüc ü
communication
iletiþim
computer-based
Kompüter T abanl ý
OASyonapplication
Ofi s Otomas
iletiþim
Diðer Problem
communication
other
problem solvers
Çözüc ül er
iletiþim
Uygulamal arý
enformasyon
information
information
enformasyon
database
information
enformasyon
veritabaný
office automation system
input
physical resources
Girdi
Fiziksel Kaynaklar
Dönüþtürme
transformation
output
physical resources
Çýktý
Fiziksel Kaynaklar
ÇEVRE
environment
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Þekil 10- Ofis Otomasyon Sistemi Modeli
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Expert System Model
kullanýcý
user
instructions &
information
solution
& explanations
çözüm
ve açýklamalar
talimat ve
enformasyon
uzm an siste m
expert system
userkullanýcý
interface
arayüzü
çözüm
ve açýklamalar
solution
& explanations
talimat ve
instructions
&
enformasyon
information
knowledge
base
bilgitabaný
meaning
anlamlandýrma
knowledge
bilgi
problem
problem
area
alaný
bilgi
talimat ve
instructions
enformasyon
&
information
knowledg
e
knowledge
bilgi
decision support system
development engineer
geliþtirme
mühendisi
uzman ve bilgi
expertmühendisi
& knowl. engineer
environment
ÇEVRE
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Þekil 11 - Uzman SistemModeli
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
System Life Cycle Loop
system
lifecycle
loop
5.2.Kullaným
Implem.
…Phase
Evresi
1.1.Planlama
Planning
Evresi
…Phase
Analiz
2. Analysis
…Phase
Evresi
4.4.Uygulama
Testing
…Phase
Evresi
3.3.Dizayn
Design
Evresi
…Phase
Þekil 12 - Sistem Yaþamsal Döngüsü
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Information System Analysis





Analysis of Current
Structure &
Processes
System Development
Testing The System
System
Implementation
Feedback
Malzeme Ýstek
Formlarýnýn
Deðerlendirilmesi
Onaylanmýþ Malzeme
Ýstek Formlarý
5
Formlara Göre Malzeme
Çýkýþ Kayýtlarýnýn
Kompütere Aktarýlmasý
Foxbase
6
Onaylanmýþ Malzeme
Sipariþ Formlarý
Sipariþ Edilen Malzemenin Ambarda Olup/Olmadýðýnýn Kontrol Edilmesi
var
Malzemenin teslimi
Foxbase
yok
Malzeme Satýcýlarý
Veritabaný
Malzeme Sipariþi
Verilmesi
Malz. sipariþ formu
Ýrsaliye
Sözleþme
Malzeme
Malzeme teslim
tutanaðý
Gelen Malzemenin
Kontrol Edilmesi
Araç Tartý Fiþi Formunun
Doldurulmasý
Demirbaþ Kayýtlarýnýn
Tutulmasý
Ýrsaliyelerin Kontrolluða
Onaylatýlmasý
Ýrsaliyeye Giriþ No.'su
Verilmesi
Faturanýn Kontrolluða
Onaylatýlmasý
Ýrsaliyeye Fatura No.'su
Yazýlmasý
Tartý fiþi
dosyasý
Fatura fotokopi
dosyasý
Ýrsaliye Bilgilerinin Malzeme
Giriþ Formu ve Kompütere
Kaydedilmesi
Foxbase
Malzeme sipariþ
formu
Malzeme giriþ formu
dosyasý
Malzeme Giriþ Bilgilerinin
Arþivlenmesi
Günlük sipariþ
formlarý listesi
Malzemesipariþ
formu dosyasý
1
SATINALMA-AMBAR SÝSTEMÝ AKIÞ DÝYAGRAMI (2)
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Eras of Information Systems
DP
MIS
SIS
Computers
Distributed Proc.
Networks
Fragmented
Interconnected
Integrated
Hardw.Limitat.
Softw.Limitation
People/Vision L.
Nature of
Operations
Remote from
users, controlled
by DP.
Regulated by
management
services
Available and
supportive to
users
Issues in
system
development
Technical issues
(programming,
project manag.)
Supporting user
needs (inform.
management)
Related to
business
strategy
Reasons for
using
technology
Reduce costs
(espec.admin.)
(techno.driven)
Support business
(espec.managers)
(user driven)
Enable the
business
(business driven)
Characteristic
of system
Regimented
Operational
(internal)
Accommodating
control
Flexible /
Strategic
(external)
Nature of
Technology
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Two concepts related to IS/IT
• Diffusion
The degree to which IT has become dispersed
throughout the organization and decisions
concerning its use are decentralized.
• Infusion
The degree to which an organization becomes
dependent on IS/IT to carry out its core
operations and manage the business
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Patterns of information systems
High
DIFFUSION
opportunistic
complex
largely decentralized control,
giving business managers the
ability to satisfy their local
priorities, but the resulting
systems are not critical to the
business.
largely decentralized control,
but the business depends on
the systems for success, both
in avoiding disadvantage and
in achieving its overall
business objectives.
traditional
backbone
highly centralized control of IT
resources and IS is not critical
to the business.
companies use IT solely to
improve efficiency
Low
highly centralized control of IT
resources and IS is critical
to the business. the business
could be seriously
disadvantaged if system fails.
High
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
INFUSION
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Steps of system analysis study
1

OBTAINING REQUIRED
INFORMATION RELATED
TO COMPANY AND
INVESTIGATING THE
PROBLEM
FORMULATION AND
SCOPE OF STUDY
SUGGESTED BY THE
COMPANY
2

REFORMULATION OF
THE PROBLEM
STATEMENT AND
SCOPE OF STUDY
AFTER EVALUATING
THE INFORMATION
GATHERED from
MEETINGS WITH
COMPANY EXECUTIVES
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Steps of system analysis study
3

DEVELOPING THE
ANALYSIS PLAN
CONSIDERING THE
OBJECTIVES,
RESTRICTIONS OF
STUDY AND
DETERMINING ANALYSIS
TOOLS TO BE USED
4

APPROVAL OF THE
ANALYSIS PLAN BY THE
EXECUTIVES OF THE
COMPANY
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Steps of system analysis study
5

PREPARING THE
DETAILED ANALYSIS
SCHEDULE AND
ARRANGING THE
APPOINTMENTS FOR
THE PERSONS TO BE
SURVEYED.
6

SYSTEM ANALYSIS
REALISATION PHASE
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Steps of system analysis study
7

EVALUATION OF
INFORMATION
GATHERED IN SYSTEM
ANALYSIS REALISATION
PHASE
8

DRAWING THE PICTURE
OF EXISTING
INFORMATION SYSTEM,
INDICATING THE
PROBLEMS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR SOLUTIONS WHICH
WILL BE BASED ON AT
FOLLOWING PHASE
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Basic dimensions of IT in BPP
Hardware





Personal computers (PC)
Local area networks
(LAN)
Wide area networks
(WAN)
Mainframe
Global networks
(Bitnet, Internet)
Software





Database software
MIS software
Decision support
software
Artificial intelligence s.
Office automation
software
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management
Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, I.T.U.
Data flow among the functional components
GLOBAL PLANLAMA MODÜLÜ
KAYNAK PLANLAMA ALTMODÜLÜ
SÜRE(Ç)
PLANLAMA
ALTMODÜLÜ
Ýnsan Kaynaklarý
P lanlama Ýþlevi
Malzeme P lanlama
Ýþlevi
MALÝYET
Ekipman P lanlama
Ýþlevi
PLANLAMA
ALTMODÜLÜ
SÖZLEÞME
(ÝHALE)
PLANLAMA
ALTMODÜLÜ
eylem kodlama sistematiði
kaynak kodlama sist.
performans standartlarý
süre(ç) programý
(planlanan)
süre(ç) programý
(gerçekleþen)
insan kayn .kodlama sist.
malzeme kodl. sistematiði
ekipman kodl. sistematiði
maliyet kodl. sistematiði
sözleþme kodl. sistematiði
personel özlük bilgileri
satýcýlara iliþkin bilgiler
ekipman ihtiyaç planý
ekipman maliyet verileri
taþeron kodl. sistematiði
personel puantajlarý
malzeme ihtiyaç planý
ekipman parký (firma)
malzeme maliyet verileri
sözleþme belgeleri
personel ihtiyaç planý
malzeme giriþ-çýkýþ bilg.
ekipman parký (þantiye)
personel maliyet verileri
taþeron ihtiyaç planý
personel baþvuru bilgileri
malzeme sipariþ verileri
ekipman temin planý
taþeron maliyet verileri
taþeron performans veril.
personel performans bilg.
malzeme temin planý
ekipman bakým-onarým pl.
genel giderler
taþeron özlük bilgileri
personel temin planý
malzeme özellikleri
ekipman nitelikleri
planlanan nakit giriþi
taþeron temin planý
iþ ilerleme verileri
nakit çýký þý
finansman planý
ÝÞ TAKÝP
ve
ÝLERLEME
ÝNSAN KAYN.
MALZEME
EKÝPMAN
MALÝYET
TAÞERON
YÖNETÝM
MODÜLÜ
YÖNETÝM
MODÜLÜ
YÖNETÝM
MODÜLÜ
YÖNETÝM
MODÜLÜ
YÖNETÝM
MODÜLÜ
MODÜLÜ
DÝÐER ÝÞLEVSEL MODÜLLER
Information Systems in Construction Projects Management