amorphous ornament – CAAD,
Milling course WS04
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Russell Loveridge - loveridge@arch.ethz.ch
HIL – F56.2
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Russell Loveridge - loveridge@arch.ethz.ch
Marcus Braach - braach@arch.ethz.ch
Hilfassistant - TBA
- HIL E15.1
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Russell Loveridge - loveridge@arch.ethz.ch
Marcus Braach - braach@arch.ethz.ch
Hilfassistant - TBA
Course Time:
Wednesdays – 10:00-12:00 AM HIL F40.9
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Russell Loveridge - loveridge@arch.ethz.ch
Marcus Braach - braach@arch.ethz.ch
Hilfassistant - TBA
Course Time:
Wednesdays – 10:00-12:00 AM HIL F40.9
Administration:
- Course TWIKI Update
- Schedule Update
- Assignment Update
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
This course is an introduction to digital design & manufacturing in contemporary architecture.
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
This course is an introduction to digital design & manufacturing in contemporary architecture.
DIGITAL & CNC-FABRICATION TECHNOLOGY
>
ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE
Lectures and theory:
CONTEXT:
o
o
Overview and history
Review of current practices
o Complex geometries & topology
o Changes in design capabilities and strategies
Skill building:
TECHNOLOGY:
o
o
o
influence on design & architecture.
overview of different types of CAM
Specific focus on milling
DESIGN:
o
o
o
Generated digital design
parametric design
mass customization
o hands on experience with several CNC machines
o practical assignements
Personal research, experimentation, & production:
o diplomwahlfacharbeit
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Context
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Context : History of Automated Fabrication and Architecture.
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Context : History of Automated Fabrication and Architecture.
The begining of using the MACHINE for mass production.
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Context : History of Automated Fabrication and Architecture.
The begining of using the MACHINE for mass production.
- Industrial revolution from 1750‘s
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Context : History of Automated Fabrication and Architecture.
The begining of using the MACHINE for mass production.
- Industrial revolution from 1750‘s
- Steam Engine 1769
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Context : History of Automated Fabrication and Architecture.
The begining of using the MACHINE for mass production.
- Industrial revolution from 1750‘s
- Steam Engine 1769
- Leeds Woollen Workers Petition, 1786
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Context : History of Automated Fabrication and Architecture.
The begining of using the MACHINE for mass production.
- Industrial revolution from 1750‘s
- Steam Engine 1769
- Leeds Woollen Workers Petition, 1786
- Expansion of the Railways, 1840
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Context : History of Automated Fabrication and Architecture.
The begining of using the MACHINE for mass production.
- Industrial revolution from 1750‘s
- Steam Engine 1769
- Leeds Woollen Workers Petition, 1786
- Expansion of the Railways, 1840
- Meat packing lines, Birmingham & Chicago, 1840
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Context : History of Automated Fabrication and Architecture.
The begining of using the MACHINE for mass production.
- Industrial revolution from 1750‘s
- Steam Engine 1769
- Leeds Woollen Workers Petition, 1786
- Expansion of the Railways, 1840
- Meat packing lines, Birmingham & Chicago, 1840
- Ford Assembly line experimentations 1850
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Ford Assembly line experimentation 1850
Assembly line = manufacturing economics of scale
MASS PRODUCTION
-Changes in consumer society demanded new
requirements for efficiency.
-Assembly line manufacturing evolves based on
analysing the efficient workflow positions of the
employees
-The term „Industrial Automation“ is used for the first
time in Ford documents at this time
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Ford Assembly line experimentation 1850
Assembly line = manufacturing economics of scale
MASS PRODUCTION
-How could ideas from the industrial manufacturing process be applied to architecture?
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
The Crystal Palace – Grand Exposition, 1851 - Sir Joseph Paxton
Regent Park, London, UK.
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
The Crystal Palace – construction history
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
The Crystal Palace – Exhibition of the new industrial utopia.
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
The early 1900`s
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
The early 1900`s
Advances in science, engineering, and materials gave rise to new empires and new political power
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
The early 1900`s
Architecture during wartime
- Allocation of resources to the war effort
- Technological developments for efficiency of industry
- Mass production of specific goods
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
The early 1900`s
Architecture during wartime
- Allocation of resources to the war effort
- Technological developments for efficiency of industry
- Mass production of specific goods
The war effort brought significant advances in the fields of science, engineering, materials,
and manufacturing...
-How could this knowledge be applied to architecture?
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
The early 1900`s
Architecture during wartime
- Allocation of resources to the war effort
- Technological developments for efficiency of industry
- Mass production of specific goods
The war effort brought significant advances in the fields of science, engineering, materials,
and manufacturing...
-How could this knowledge be applied to architecture?
Architecture post-wartime
- The architecutre of rebuilding
- Great demand for the traditional building/construction resources
- New resources and techniques for industrialized goods
- Development and adaptation of technologies to building
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Post-war Industrial innovation in architecture
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Post-war Industrial innovation in architecture
The DyMaxIon House – Bukminster Fuller 1946
DYnamic – MAXimum – tensION – dwelling machine
-Designed to make use of post-war materials and
expertise from the aviation and defence industry.
-To have been built on an assembly line and delivered to
building sites all over the USA in a shipping canister.
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Post-war Industrial innovation in architecture
The DyMaxIon House – Bukminster Fuller 1946
The Manufactured House – 1950‘s to present
DYnamic – MAXimum – tensION – dwelling machine
The house built on the assembly line was once
considered to be the future of American domesticity.
-Designed to make use of post-war materials and
expertise from the aviation and defence industry.
-To have been built on an assembly line and delivered to
building sites all over the USA in a shipping canister.
- Reduction of waste and efficient use of materials.
- Faster construction time, and higher quality control.
- Customization within a modular approach.
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Present day issues with respect to architecture, fabrication, and the construction process
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Present day issues with respect to architecture, fabrication, and the construction process
Current architectural practice
- Allocation of resources
- New materials
- Development and adaptation of technologies
- Demand for ecconomic and design efficiency
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Present day issues with respect to architecture, fabrication, and the construction process
Current architectural practice
- Allocation of resources
- New materials
- Development and adaptation of technologies
- Demand for ecconomic and design efficiency
-Architecture currently follows other design/build disciplines.
- It is no longer an innovator.
-Architecture does not invest in research.
-It is viewed as a commodity rather than a profession.
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Present day issues with respect to architecture, fabrication, and the construction process
Current architectural practice
- Allocation of resources
- New materials
- Development and adaptation of technologies
- Demand for ecconomic and design efficiency
-Architecture currently follows other design/build disciplines.
- It is no longer an innovator.
-Architecture does not invest in research.
-It is viewed as a commodity rather than a profession.
Can we change this?????
Lets look at a different industry that received a significant technological boost from the wars........
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
A brief history of the Computer & Architecture
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
A brief history of the Computer & Architecture
1940’s - ENIAC
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
A brief history of the Computer & Architecture
1940’s - ENIAC
1950’s - Graphics
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
A brief history of the Computer & Architecture
1940’s - ENIAC
1950’s - Graphics
1960’s – Industrial application
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
A brief history of the Computer & Architecture
1940’s - ENIAC
1950’s - Graphics
1960’s – Industrial application
1970’s – Home computers
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
A brief history of the Computer & Architecture
1940’s - ENIAC
1980’s – Mass Produces PCs
1950’s - Graphics
1960’s – Industrial application
1970’s – Home computers
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
A brief history of the Computer & Architecture
1940’s - ENIAC
1950’s - Graphics
1980’s – Mass Produces PCs
1980’s – Networked
computers
1960’s – Industrial application
1970’s – Home computers
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
A brief history of the Computer & Architecture
1940’s - ENIAC
1950’s - Graphics
1960’s – Industrial application
1980’s – Mass Produces PCs
1980’s – Networked
computers
1990’s – Architectural
acceptance
1970’s – Home computers
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
A brief history of the Computer & Architecture
1940’s - ENIAC
1950’s - Graphics
1960’s – Industrial application
1970’s – Home computers
1980’s – Mass Produces PCs
1980’s – Networked
computers
1990’s – Architectural
acceptance
2000’s – Architectural
innovation
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
A computer development history:
1950‘s - the introduction of the computer to mainstream scientific research.
1960‘s - the introduction of graphics and visual representation by computer.
1970‘s - The large industrial acceptance of CAD in the design process.
1972 - The first demonstration of 3d-CAM fabrication from a punchcard machine
1978 - Dassault Ind. develops CATIA (Computer-Aided 3-Dimensional Interactive Application)
1980‘s - Development of the home PC, and software packages.
1985 - Alias releases ALIAS1 animation & SFX software
1988 - SurfCAM 1.0 is released to the fabrication industry
1990‘s - Finally an acceptance of CAD in the architectural community
1997 - FOG Guggenheim Bilbao
1998 - AliasWavfront releases MAYA
2000‘s - First mainstream project from architects employing the full potential of CAM.
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Facts:
1.
CAD and CAM were developed by large-scale industry for their own use.
2.
CAD was not accepted for use in Architecture industry until 30 years after its inception.
3.
Cutting edge architects are using digital design and fabrication technology in developing their projects.
The combination of these technologies returns the architect to the role as both builder and as a part of
the fabrication/construction team > the master builder
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Conclusions:
This move to regain control of both the creative AND the constructive process can be
assisted through the use of CNC fabrication machines. By giving the designer greater and
more direct control over the fabrication process, the architect resumes an important role
within the PRODUCTION part of the DESIGN CYCLE.
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
The Design and Production cycle:
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
The Design and Production cycle:
As a designer you are given a problem:
-You analyse the requirements & limitations
- Formulate a design strategy
- Begin to design based on all known parameters from your analysis
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
The Design and Production cycle:
- Modeling and SCRIPT development
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
The Design and Production cycle:
- Modeling and SCRIPT development
- Pattern, ornament, or form GENERATION
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
The Design and Production cycle:
- Modeling and SCRIPT development
- Pattern, ornament, or form GENERATION
- REFINEMENT for manufacturing
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
The Design and Production cycle:
- Modeling and SCRIPT development
- Pattern, ornament, or form GENERATION
- REFINEMENT for manufacturing
- CAM INTERPRETATION for the machine(s)
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
The Design and Production cycle:
- Modeling and SCRIPT development
- Pattern, ornament, or form GENERATION
- REFINEMENT for manufacturing
- CAM INTERPRETATION for the machine(s)
- G-Code OUTPUT
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
The Design and Production cycle:
- Modeling and SCRIPT development
- Pattern, ornament, or form GENERATION
- REFINEMENT for manufacturing
- CAM INTERPRETATION for the machine(s)
- G-Code OUTPUT
- CNC MANUFACTURING
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
The Design and Production cycle:
- SCRIPT
- GENERATION
- REFINEMENT
- INTERPRETATION
- OUTPUT
- MANUFACTURING
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
The Design and Production cycle:
- SCRIPT
- GENERATION
- REFINEMENT
- INTERPRETATION
- OUTPUT
- MANUFACTURING
This output iks very useful for overall evaluation of the appropriateness of the design response.
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
The Design and Production cycle:
- SCRIPT
- GENERATION
- REFINEMENT
- INTERPRETATION
- OUTPUT
- MANUFACTURING
This output iks very useful for overall evaluation of the appropriateness of the design response.
The output may be a PROTOTYPE which can be evaluated and used to refine the generation of the design.
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
The Design and Production cycle:
- SCRIPT
- GENERATION
- REFINEMENT
- INTERPRETATION
- OUTPUT
- MANUFACTURING
This output iks very useful for overall evaluation of the appropriateness of the design response.
The output may be a PROTOTYPE which can be evaluated and used to refine the generation of the design.
The output can also be used to evaluate the efficiency of the fabrication process, and allow for changes in the overall
manufacturing methodology.
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
The Design and Production cycle:
- SCRIPT
- GENERATION
- REFINEMENT
- INTERPRETATION
- OUTPUT
- MANUFACTURING
This output iks very useful for overall evaluation of the appropriateness of the design response.
The output may be a PROTOTYPE which can be evaluated and used to refine the generation of the design.
The output can also be used to evaluate the efficiency of the fabrication process, and allow for changes in the overall
manufacturing methodology.
The end goal is to produce well designed + efficient products. The inclusion of digital design and CNC fabrication only
allow for an acceleration in the process, and an increase in control to the designer.
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Why use CAM in Architecture:
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Why use CAM in Architecture:
Efficiency
- Automation, and commercial / cost advantages.
- Repetition and time savings.
- Rapid prototyping.
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Why use CAM in Architecture:
Efficiency
- Automation, and commercial / cost advantages.
- Repetition and time savings.
- Rapid prototyping.
Kas Oosterhuis
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Why use CAM in Architecture:
Efiiciency
Complexity
- Able to quickly manufacture very complex forms.
- Ability to manufacture single forms that traditionally would have been made in pieces.
- Ability to scale items precisely, and use scale testing.
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Why use CAM in Architecture:
Efficiency
Complexity
Customization
- Able to use parametric design to create large runs of different pieces
- Automating both the generative process and the manufacturing
- Able to produce ‚distinct‘ modular components.
- costs of Mass Customisation COULD be approximately the same as standardized construction.
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Why use CAM in Architecture:
Efficiency
Complexity
Customization
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
Why use CAM in Architecture:
Efficiency
Complexity
Customization
These three advantages affect both the possibilities for design and the capabilites of the output.
PARAMETRIC DESIGN and CNC FABRICATION is the basis for MASS CUSTOMIZATION
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
CAM in Architecture:
Developments in technology specifically taget the issue of ineficiencies of labour:
For Architecture, a succesful new technology must target:
- time the design process
- efficiency in the fabrication process
- simplicity the construction process
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
CAM in Architecture:
Developments in technology specifically taget the issue of ineficiencies of labour:
For Architecture, a succesful new technology must target:
- time the design process
- efficiency in the fabrication process
- simplicity the construction process
By using digital and CNC technologies, the architect is able to re-visit many facets of architecture that
have been lost to the proffession for reasons of efficiency, simplicity, and standardization.
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
CAM in Architecture:
Developments in technology specifically taget the issue of ineficiencies of labour:
For Architecture, a succesful new technology must target:
- time the design process
- efficiency in the fabrication process
- simplicity the construction process
By using this technology the architect is able to re-visit many facets of architecture that have been lost
to the proffession for reasons of efficiency, simplicity, and standardization.
Efficiency, Complexity, & Customization
Ornament, as an architectural embelishment, has been lost due in part to the mechanization and
industrialization of architectural componants, and in part due to modernism and its „simple“ aesthetic.
The interesting issue for this course then is the use of digital technologies to allow for a re-incorporation
of ornament within architecture. Ornament that is efficient, complex, and customized for the specific
application.
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
CAM in Architecture:
Developments in technology specifically taget the issue of ineficiencies of labour:
For Architecture, a succesful new technology must target:
- time the design process
- efficiency in the fabrication process
- simplicity the construction process
By using this technology the architect is able to re-visit many facets of architecture that have been lost
to the proffession for reasons of efficiency, simplicity, and standardization.
Efficiency, Complexity, & Customization
Ornament, as an architectural embelishment, has been lost due in part to the mechanization and
industrialization of architectural componants, and in part due to modernism and its „simple“ aesthetic.
The interesting issue for this course then is the use of digital technologies to allow for a re-incorporation
of ornament within architecture. Ornament that is efficient, complex, and customized for the specific
application.
In the end, this technology is not an overall solution to design problems, but should be seen as a tool
that can be employed by the architect to enhance thier role and control over design.
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
CONCLUSIONS:
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04
CONCLUSIONS:
- Architecture was at one time synonymous with the developments of technology.
- Modernization > The removal of the architect from the building process.
- Architecture is now a late adoptor of technology and marginal investor in advanced research.
- Architecture typically adopts technology developed by other large industrial design professions
- Computers have now entered the mainstream of architecture, although the typical office still only uses
them for creating construction documents.
- It took 30 years for the mainstream adoption of CAD into Architecture
- CAM was first introduced in the 1970s.
- CAM is being used by the avant guard of architecture to create forms and theories based on a
contemporary understanding of current technology from other fields.
- CAM is becomming more affordable and widespread. It will eventually become another tool for the
everyday practice of architecture.
amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04