Control of banana Fusarium wilt disease by
reductive soil disinfestation
Xinqi Huang
Nanjing Normal University, China
Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application
Background——Banana Fusarium wilt
Background——Banana Fusarium wilt
《Nature》2013
Bananageddon: Millions face hunger as deadly fungus Panama disease
decimates global banana crop
——《The independent》2014
Then, some mainstream media in China published the similar reports entitled
“Banana AIDS”
Background——Current control methods
• Disease resistance cultivar
• Chemical fumigation
• Agronomic management
Deep tillage
Solarization
Crop rotation
……
Background——Reductive Soil Disinfestation
• Reductive soil disinfestations (RSD), developed separately in Japan
(Shinmura 2000) and the Netherlands (Blok et al. 2000) as alternatives to
chemical soil disinfestations.
• In 2011, RSD was used for the improvements of soil acidification and
secondary salinization in our lab. Then, we found the commendable
disinfestation effect of RSD.
• RSD based upon supplying labile carbon to stimulate microbially-driven
anaerobic soil conditions in moist soils covered with polyethylene mulch.
The objectives
RSD influences on
Population of pathogen
Microbial community
Microbial activity
Disease incidence
Yield
Population of FOC
-1
(lg ITS copies g soil)
Population of Fusarium oxysporum
7
A
a
Aa
Pre-treatment
Tenth day
Upper soil after drained
Aa
Fifth day
Fifteenth day
Lower soil after drained
A
B
B
6
C
RSD
cd
CK
d
B
b
B
B
b
b
c
cd
5
CK1
CK2
CK3
LS
HS
HSL
PM
BA
BAL
LI
Treatments
untreated soil (CK1) disturbed soil without flooding (CK2) flooding disturbed soil (CK3)
RSD incorporated with rice straw (LS, HS) HS plus lime (HSL)
RSD incorporated with pig manure (PM)
RSD with bagasse (BA) BA plus lime (BAL)
flooding soil with lime (LI)
Disinfestation mechanism
6.0
20
6.6
16
organic acids
pH
pathogen
12
6.4
pH
6.5
6.8
24
Concentration of organic acids (mM)
-1
Population of FOC (lg ITS copies g soil)
7.0
8
6.2
4
0
6.0
5.5
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
The relationships among soil pH, the amount of toxic organic acids and pathogen population
Populations of FOC
-1
(lg ITS copies g soil)
Disinfestation mechanism
a
7
a
b
6
5
6
Flooding: treated with deionized water
Acetic: treated with 30 mM acetic acid
Butyric treated with 30 mM butyric acid
Ace+But: treated with 15 mM acetic acid and 15 mM butyric acid
b
7
Populations of
R. solanacearum
-1
(lg CFU g soil)
bc
c
a
b
c
d
5
other elements, such as Fe2+, Mn2+, H2S and NH3,
might be also involved in the mechanism of RSD.
Population of R. solani
-1
(lg ITS copies g soil)
4
7
c
a
6
b
5
bc
c
4
Flooding Acetic Butyric Ace+But
Soil microbial community
Bacterial
Fungi
Relative abundance (%) of microbial phyla present in the soils of different treatments.
CK, untreated soil.
Flooding and RSD, soils treated by flooding and RSD, respectively.
Flo-Ban and RSD-Ban, soils of Flooding and RSD treatments after planting banana, respectively.
Soil microbial community
Bacterial
Fungi
Ruminococcus
Fusarium
Coprococcus
Podospora
Relative abundance (%) of microbial genera present in the soils of different treatments.
Soil microbial activity—N transformation
Lg gene copies g-1 soil
9.5
9.0
CK
Al-RSD-C
8.5
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
nifH
N fixation
AOA
AOB
nirK
Nitrification
CK: untreated soil
Al-RSD: the soil after RSD treatment taking alfalfa as organic matters
nirS
Denitrification
nosZ
Disease incidence of banana
Control
2013 field experiment
RSD
2013 田间试验
Disease incidence of banana
Control
2014 field experiment
RSD
2014 田间试验
Disease incidence of banana
CK
2014 field experiment
RSD
2014 田间试验
Disease incidence of banana
Cultivar
Disease
sensitive
Disease
resistance
Treatments
Disease incidence
Yield (t/ha)
(%)
RSD
45.4
31.8
CK
97.8
1.3
RSD
10.1
54.1
CK
32.4
40.7
2014 field experiment
Cucumber Fusarium wilt disease
RSD
Nanjing, Jiangsu Province
CK
Pepper Fusarium wilt disease
RSD
RSD
Nanjing, Jiangsu Province
CK
CK
Tomato bacterial wilt disease
RSD
RSD
Nanjing, Jiangsu Province
CK
CK
Eustoma Fusarium wilt disease
RSD
CK
Yunnan Province
Conclusion
• RSD reduced the population of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.
cubense mainly through the production of toxic organic acids.
• Cellulose decomposition bacteria (Ruminococcus etc.)and
organic acids producers (Coprococcus etc.) were the dominant
bacterial genera which might be responsible for the
disinfestation effect of RSD taking solid plant residual as
organic matters.
• The soil N transformation activities were enhanced by RSD.
• RSD significantly reduced the disease incidence of banana
Fusarium wilt.