Nicola Courtright
Amherst College
Europe 1400-1800
Spring 2012
ARHA 135
Art and Architecture of
12. ART CONSTRUCTING THE CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE
Baroque in Rome
BERNINI (1598-1680)
Cornaro Chapel, S. Maria della Vittoria, Rome, 1645-52, for Cornaro family
St. Teresa in Ecstasy
St. Peter’s, Vatican
Cathedra Petri (chair of St. Peter), begun 1656 under Pope Alexander VII
Speaking reliquary
Sts. Athanasius and Ambrose
Piazza, 1656-66, under Alexander VII
Cf. Maderno, St. Peter’s nave and façade, fin. 1612
Bernini, Colonnades
BORROMINI (1559-1667)
St. Ivo, 1642-1660s, university church, with papal patronage
-------------------------------------Baroque popes
Urban VIII (Barberini) 1623-44
Innocent X (Pamphili) 1644-55
Alexander VII (Chigi) 1655-67
Nicola Courtright
Amherst College
Europe 1400-1800
Spring 2011
ARHA 35
Art and Architecture of
13. A NORTHERN HIGH STYLE IN THE NETHERLANDS
Baroque in the Southern (Spanish) Netherlands
PIETER PAUL RUBENS (1577-1640)
Elevation of the Cross, 1610, originally for St. Walpurga, Antwerp
Arrival of Marie de Medici at Marseilles, Medici Cycle, c. 1622-25, for Luxembourg
Palace of Queen Marie de Medici, mother of King Louis XIII, in Paris
Miracles of St. Francis Xavier, Jesuit Church, Antwerp, c. 1617-18
Garden of Love, c. 1632
Helene Fourment in a Fur, c. 1638, portrait of his wife
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --READINGS:
*Rubens, "On the Imitation of Sculpture," in Art in Theory, 1648-1815: An Anthology of Changing Ideas
(Oxford and Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2000), ed. Charles Harrison et al., 144-46
QUESTIONS TO FOCUS ON IN THE READINGS
CONTENT
--What are Rubens's attitudes toward the imitation of nature and antiquity, according to his own
account?
Nicola Courtright
Amherst College
Europe 1400-1800
Spring 2012
ARHA 135
Art and Architecture of
14. CLASSICISM IN PARIS VIA ROME: ANTIQUITY REVERED
Baroque in France
French art before Poussin
Cf. Women in Bath (Fontainebleau school), c. 1570s
Cf. Simon Vouet (1590-1649), Fortune Teller, c. 1620
Cf. Georges de la Tour, The Cheat, c. 1635
Cf. Vouet (peintre du Roy= painter of the king), Louis XIII with Personifications of Fame and
Navarre, c. 1630
French “Baroque”
NICOLAS POUSSIN (1593/4-1665)
Rape of the Sabines, 1637
Cf. Raphael, Sacrifice at Lystra, 1516
Holy Family on Steps, 1648
Winter: Deluge, 1660-64
East facade, Louvre, Paris, for Louis XIV
Plans by BERNINI, 1664-65
Executed by LE VAU, PERRAULT and LE BRUN, 1667-70
CLAUDE LORRAIN (1600-82)
Disembarkation of Cleopatra, 1642
Invalides, 1676-91, for Louis XIV
by JULES-HARDOUIN MANSART (1646-1708)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------READINGS:
*Nicolas Poussin, "Observations on Painting," in E. Holt, ed., A Documentary History of Art, v. 2 (1982
ed.), 141-46
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14. CLASSICISM IN PARIS VIA ROME: ANTIQUITY REVERED
Baroque in France, cont’d.
ADD: POUSSIN
Eucharist, from Seven Sacraments series for the antiquarian and collector
Cassiano dal Pozzo,
secretary to Francesco Barberini (nephew of Pope Urban VIII), 1637-40
QUESTIONS TO FOCUS ON IN THE READING
CONTENT
-- What terms does Poussin use to describe the kind of art that he favors? Are they the same
terms as Renaissance artists and authors? as Panofsky?
--How does the creation of beauty in art relate to the imitation of nature, according to Poussin?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nicola Courtright
Amherst College
Europe 1400-1800
Spring 2012
ARHA 135
Art and Architecture of
15. ELEVATION OF THE HUMBLE IN 17TH-CENTURY SPAIN
Baroque Spain
VELÁZQUEZ (1599-1660)
cf. El Greco (1544-1614), Adoration of Shepherds (for his tomb chapel), 1612-14
cf. Zurbarán (1598-1664), St. Peter Nolasco’s Vision of Apostle Peter, 1629
cf. Zurbarán, Veronica’s Veil, c. 1635-40
cf. Jusepe de Ribera (1591-1652), Studies of Mouths (etching), 1622
cf. Sánchez Cotán, Still Life c. 1602
Old Woman Cooking Eggs, 1618
cf. Caravaggio, Fortune Teller, c. 1590
Los Borrachos (Feast of Bacchus), 1629
cf. Caravaggio, Bacchus, c. 1595
Balthasar Carlos with a Dwarf, 1632
cf. Anthonis Mor (c. 1516-1575), Dwarf of Cardinal Granvelle, c. 1570
cf. Philip IV as Hunter, 1634
cf. Philip IV Praying, c. 1650
El Primo, 1636/44
cf. Ribera, Clubfooted Boy, 1642
Las Meninas, 1656
cf. Van Dyck, Portrait of Charles I and Henrietta Maria, 1632
Nicola Courtright
Amherst College
Europe 1400-1800
Spring 2012
ARHA 135
Art and Architecture of
16. MONUMENTALIZING EVERYDAY LIFE IN THE UNITED PROVINCES
Baroque in the United Provinces/Northern Netherlands
FRANS HALS (1581-1666)
Malle Babbe, c. 1635
Cf. Hals, Portrait of a Woman, 1638 (Cleveland)
Banquet of the Officers of the St. George Co., Haarlem, 1616
JAN VERMEER (1632-75)
Woman Reading Letter, c. 1659
Artist in his Studio, c. 1665
Little Street, c. 1660
[cf. JACOB VAN RUISDAEL (1628/9-1660)
Haarlem View (Philadelphia), c. 1670]
[cf. PIETER CLAESZ (1697-1660)
Still Life with Roemer (Boston), c. 1635]
REMBRANDT VAN RIJN (1606-69)
Self-Portrait (Shouting), etching, 1631
Night Watch (The Militia Company of Captain Cocq), 1642
Three Trees, 1643
Three Crosses, etching and drypoint, 1653
Self-Portrait (Frick), 1658
Nicola Courtright
Amherst College
Europe 1400-1800
Spring 2012
ARHA 135
Art and Architecture of
17. LOUIS XIV AND THE APOGEE OF ABSOLUTISM IN FRANCE: PARIS AND
VERSAILLES
Baroque France
Versailles: Château architecture: J.H. Mansart (1646-1708),
painting program Charles Le Brun (1619-90)
cf. Rigaud, Portrait of Louis XIV, 1701
Chariot of Apollo, Room of Apollo, De la Fosse, designed by LeBrun, 1678
Salon of War (Salon de la Guerre), J.H. Mansart (architect), Charles LeBrun (design),
1681-3
cf. Louis XIV, sculpture by Bernini, 1665
Galerie des Glaces (Hall of Mirrors), J.H. Mansart and LeBrun, 1678-81
The King Crosses the Rhine, by LeBrun
Garden, André Le Nôtre (1613-1700) , gardener, c. 1661-87
Royal Alley (central axis, east to west), 1666-77
tapis vert (stretch of lawn), from 1680
*Apollo Bathed by Nymphs, 1666‑ 72 (Girardon)
*Basin of Apollo/Apollo Rising from the Sea, 1668-70 (Tuby)
Bosquets (little wooded groves) flanking Royal Alley
*Labyrinth, 1672-3, with Aesop's Fables
*Salle de Bal (Ballroom), 1680's
*Fountains of Seasons (i.e. Flora), 1672-5
*of the garden material, know these for exam
READINGS:
*Chantelou on Bernini, in Art in Theory, 1648-1815: An Anthology of Changing Ideas (Oxford and Malden,
MA: Blackwell, 2000), ed. Charles Harrison et al. 150-59 [e-reserve]
*Peter Burke, The Fabrication of Louis XIV (1992), ch. 2, 15-37
QUESTIONS FOR READINGS
CONTENT
 What terms does Chantelou use to describe Bernini’s originality? How do they compare
to Vasari’s evaluations of High Renaissance art?
 How does art serve a political end for Louis XIV, according to Burke?
Nicola Courtright
Amherst College
Europe 1400-1800
Spring 2012
ARHA 135
Art and Architecture of
18. THE PLAY OF LOVE IN ARISTOCRATIC SOCIETY
Rococo France
Hôtel de Soubise, Paris, Delamair (architect for older part), 1705-9
Salon Ovale, 1735-39, by Germain Boffrand (1667-1754) (architect and interior
designer)
Cf. Natoire, Cupid and Psyche, 1738
ANTOINE WATTEAU (1684-1721)
Love Festival, c. 1717
Embarkation for/from Cythera (Berlin), 1717
FRANÇOIS BOUCHER (1703-1770)
Venus in Forge of Vulcan, 1757, for tapestry
Madame de Pompadour, 1756
FRAGONARD (1732-1806)
The Swing, 1767
The Bathers, 1767
Girl with Dog, c. 1770
Nicola Courtright
Amherst College
Europe 1400-1800
Spring 2012
ARHA 135
Art and Architecture of
19. 18TH CENTURY IN CENTRAL EUROPE:
DEMATERIALIZED SPACE FOR PILGRIM, TOURIST AND ARISTOCRAT
Residenz, Würzburg (Franconia), Germany, Balthasar NEUMANN, architect, 1720-44,
Giov. Battista TIEPOLO, frescoes, 1750-53
Kaisersaal (Audience hall)
Wedding of Frederick Barbarossa to Beatrice of Burgundy
Apollo Leads Beatrice to Frederick Barbarossa
Vierzehnheiligen [Fourteen Saints] (Franconia), Balthasar NEUMANN, 1743
Nicola Courtright
Amherst College
Europe 1400-1800
Spring 2012
ARHA 135
Art and Architecture of
20. THE DEPICTION OF MIDDLE-CLASS VIRTUE
AND THE RISE OF NEO-CLASSICISM
18TH-Century France
CHARDIN (1699-1779)
The Ray, 1728
Kitchen Maid, 1739
The Prayer/Saying Grace, 1740
The Sideboard, 1763
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nicola Courtright
Amherst College
Europe 1400-1800
Spring 2012
ARHA 135
Art and Architecture of
21. NEOCLASSICISM AND THE PICTURESQUE AT HOME AND IN THE GARDEN
18th-Century England
WILLIAM KENT (1685-1748) (AND EARL OF BURLINGTON)
Cf. Pompeo Batoni, Lord Charles John Crowle, 1761-2, back from Grand Tour
Chiswick House; Villa, Richard Boyle, Earl of Burlington, 1718-35; gardens, William
Kent, 1734-48
Temple of Love
Stourhead gardens, Henry Hoare (in style of Wm. Kent), 1741-83
garden architecture, Henry Flitcroft
ROBERT ADAM (1728-1792)
Syon House, London, c. 1763-8
Red Drawing Room
Long Gallery
Cf. Domus Aurea (Golden House), Renaissance drawing after ceiling (built by
Nero, 65 AD)
Cf. Joshua Reynolds, president Royal Academy, Lord Jeffrey Amherst, 1765
Anne, Vicountess/Marchioness of Townsend, c. 1780
CAPABILITY BROWN (1716-1783)
You don’t have to know the names of the gardens’ locations; here are a few
Stowe Manor, gardens by Kent or Bridgeman, 1713-26; redesigned by Capability
Brown, 1742-49
Petworth, 1752-57
Charlecote Park 1770’s
Compton Verney 1768-74
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------READING:
*Honour, Neo-Classicism, Intro., Chap. 1, 13-42
Nicola Courtright
Amherst College
Europe 1400-1800
Spring 2012
ARHA 135
Art and Architecture of
22 revised. NEOCLASSICISM, REVOLUTION, AND A VISIONARY SOCIETY:
SOME PAINTING, SCULPTURE, PUBLIC ARCHITECTURE
Late 18th-Century France, Italy
Neoclassicism
Cf. Angelika Kauffmann, Winckelmann, author of History of Ancient Art, 1764
ANTONIO CANOVA (1757-1822)
Cupid and Psyche, 1789-93
cf. Clodion, Satyr and Bacchante, c. 1780-90
HOUDON (1741-1828)
Bust of Voltaire, 1781
ELIZABETH VIGÉE-LEBRUN (1755-1842)
Self-Portrait [Painting], 1790
Self-Portrait with Daughter, 1789
cf. Raphael, Madonna della Sedia
Marie-Antoinette, 1783
ÉTIENNE-LOUIS BOULLÉE (1728-99), wrote Architecture, essai sur art with projects for
public buildings
National Library
Metropolitan Church, 1781-2
Monument to Newton, 1784
CLAUDE-NICOLAS LEDOUX (1736-1806)
Ideal City of Chaux, begun 1775; Plans for it from L’Architecture Considerée (publ. 1804)
Worker’s Housing
Director’s House
River Surveyor's House
Toll Houses, Paris, 1784-7
(Barrière)
Italy
PIRANESI (1720-78)
View of Pantheon, 1761
Cf. Canaletto (1697-1768), Santa Maria della Salute, Venice, c. 1760
Canaletto, The Dogana, Venice, 1730
Colosseum, 1766
Prisons, from Carceri d’Invenzione (Prisons from the Imagination), 1745, 2nd edition
1760-61
Nicola Courtright
Amherst College
Europe 1400-1800
Spring 2012
ARHA 135
Art and Architecture of
23. NEO-CLASSICISM, REVOLUTION, AND A VISIONARY SOCIETY
PAINTING AND PRINTS
Late 18th-century France and Spain
JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID (1748-1825)
Oath of the Horatii, 1784
cf. Poussin, Judgment of Solomon, 1649
Death of Marat, 1793
Sabine Women, 1799
cf. David, Marie-Antoinette sent to the guillotine, 1793
Napoleon in his Study, 1812
cf. David, Napoleon at St. Bernard, 1800
Spain
FRANCISCO DE GOYA (1746-1828)
The Sleep of Reason Brings Forth Monsters (from Caprichos series, aquatint), 1797-8,
publ. 1799
Blow (Caprichos series, aquatint), 1797-8, publ. 1799
Third of May 1808¸ 1814
Disasters of War series, 1810-20 (not published until 1863)
This is what you were born for
What is to be done?
This is worse
READING:
*J.-L. David, "The Painting of the Sabines," in E. G. Holt, ed., A Documentary History of Art, vol.
3, 4-14.
13 RENAISSANCE and EARLY BAROQUE WORKS OF ART TO REMEMBER
Donatello, David
Leonardo, Last Supper
Jan van Eyck, Ghent Altarpiece
Albrecht Dürer, Adam and Eve
Michelangelo, David
Bramante, Tempietto
Raphael, School of Athens
Titian, Pesaro Madonna
Michelangelo, St. Peter’s
Bruegel, Peasant Wedding
Vignola/della Porta, Gesù
Caravaggio, Calling of St. Matthew
Bernini, Apollo and Daphne