Blood Type Lab Name: ______________________________________ Date:_________________________ Directions: You are a doctor at Bromen Medical center and you are about to perform surgery on a patient tomorrow. While doing your pre-surgery prep, you realize you need to have extra blood on hand since the procedure will cause a great deal of blood loss. You need to figure out what type of blood the patient can receive and which they cannot before you scrub in! Perform the activity with your class to find your results. Choose your teams (should be 3 teams total), and obtain your lab materials. You should have 8 cups per group and label 2 cups A, 2 B and so on following those on the chart. Add red food coloring to the A cups, Blue to the B cup, on drop red and one drop blue to the AB cup and leave the O cup clear. Begin with group "A" and pour one red "A" blood type cups into another "A" blood type cups. Record in the chart if there is a color change and write YES or No. If you answer YES, those blood types are incompatible, and your patient could die. Next, red type "A" pours one cup into a blue type "B" cup. Again, record if the types are compatible. Then, pour another “A” cup into the purple AB blood type. Finally, red type A will pour the last cup into type O. Repeat the steps with type B, AB, and O making sure, for example, when "B" takes his turn, he does not mix with red type "A" who already poured into B. If you separate the glasses after the mixture compatibility/color is recorded, this will not be a problem. A A B AB O B AB O 1. In general, if a person is Blood type O, which blood type(s) can they give blood to? How do you know based on the above lab? AB0 blood grouping system According to the AB0 blood group system there are four different kinds of blood groups: A, B, AB or 0 (null). Blood group A If you belong to the blood group A, you have A antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and B antibodies in your blood plasma. Blood group B If you belong to the blood group B, you have B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and A antibodies in your blood plasma. Blood group AB If you belong to the blood group AB, you have both A and B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and no A or B antibodies at all in your blood plasma. Blood group 0 If you belong to the blood group 0 (null), you have neither A or B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells but you have both A and B antibodies in your blood plasma. 2. What could happen to your patient if you give them the incorrect blood type? 3. Blood types also include positive or negative correlates. These make blood types and transfusion more specific and prevent a bad transfusion reaction. According to the chart, blood type AB- can receive blood from which blood type(s)? 4. Which blood type can give blood to all blood types? Which can receive from all blood types? Use your book or the internet to complete the next few questions. Remember to only use reliable sources. 5. What are some other common products of blood donation? What do these donations do to help others who need them? 6. Is plasma compatibility the same as compatibility for red blood cells? 7. What else can blood typing be used for besides donation and for safe transfusion? 8. The following charts show that the ABO blood type of the child when the blood type of the father and the mother are known (top chart). The ABO blood type of the father if the blood type of the child and the mother are known (bottom chart). A father named Mr. Jones is known to have ABO blood type O and the mother Mrs. Jones has blood type AB, what blood type must the child have in order for the father in this scenario to be a paternal match?(use the top chart) For more information on Blood typing and to further you knowledge, visit http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/landsteiner/readmore.html. This website contains further explanations and fun interactive games to further your understanding of this important topic.