http://www.livius.org/titn/tiberius/tiberius.html
The JulioClaudians
http://cassandra2004.blogspot.com/20
08/11/praetorian-guard-augustusobama.html
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Augustus and Tiberius
By Anna Widder
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Augustus
27 BCE-14 CE

Born Gaius Octavius Thurinus in 63 BCE

Equestrian family with mild connections, most importantly
that his Mother (Atia Balba Caesonia) was the niece of Julius
Caesar

Father died when Octavian was young, thereby allowing
Octavian to become the adopted son of Caesar
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Julius_Caesar_Cou
stou_Louvre.png
Background
http://www.mrdowling.com/702augustus.html
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
Octavian massed armies of Caesarian veterans and marched on
Rome against Marc Antony in 44 BCE

Octavian becomes senator 43 BCE and joins in the second
Triumvirate with Antony and Lepidus

Pompey’s son Sextus Pompeius threatens the Triumvirate and
Lepidus is broken off

Octavian and Antony fight over Rome, culminating in Octavian
winning the naval Battle of Actium in 31 BCE and killing Antony
and his ally Cleopatra
http://www.daviddarling.info/en
cyclopedia_of_history/C/Caesar
_to_Augustus.html
http://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogs
pot.com/2010/11/rehabilitatingcleopatra.html#.UUKtqaXU7zI
Rise to Power
http://commons.wikimedia.o
rg/wiki/File:Aureus_Sextus_
Pompeius_42BC_Goldberg.J
PG
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Imperator
http://to-the-mannerborn.blogspot.com/2011/08/se
xtilis.html
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
27 BCE became Augustus Caesar, and the princeps civitatis
among other titles

First Augustus restored the senate to old ways, with only the
upper class and less members

He also restricted the power of the popular assemblies to
practically nonexistent

He also cut the army in half with less men per legion and kept
them on the borders


Set up praetorian guard of 9,000 to keep the peace in and
around Rome
He allowed the Republic based offices to continue as a title of
honor, not real power, which was reserved for his advisors.
http://htmlgiant.com/music/ki
ndersachen/attachment/roma
n_augustus21/
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Improvements (Pax Romana)

Augustus lightly extended the borders, mostly to fortify the
preexisting Empire

Organized provinces into the Roman style, with power over
them split between himself and the Senate

Set up civil services, such as a post office and road crews

Within Rome, Augustus put together different offices to
maintain the peace and food with capable people.

Organized the treasury by what is his and what is the Senate’s
while centralizing the collection of taxes to his own offices.
Improvements (Pax Romana)

Augustus preferred peace to war, and after making diplomatic
peace with the Parthians (in the east), he tried to defeat the
Germanic tribes but gave up after Teutoberg Forest (9 CE

He was advised primarily by Agrippa as a general, and
Maecenas for the arts

“I found a Rome of bricks; I leave to you one of marble”

Augustus built temples, palace, libraries, and encouraged
poetry and literature and the ancient forms of religion.
http://en.wikipedia.or
g/wiki/Marcus_Vipsani
us_Agrippa
http://architecture.about.com/od/do
mes/ss/Pantheon-In-Rome_3.htm
http://www.civilization.org.uk/augus
tus/agrippa-and-maecenas
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Death
Reigned for 45 years, instigating a long period of peace in
Roman history

Left his adopted son Tiberius in charge after his natural death
in 14 CE
http://www.romanemperors.com/images/tiberius/1-louvrebust-face-bw.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Augustus
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Augustus Bibliography
"Augustus." PBS. 2006. Accessed March 10, 2013.
http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/augustus.html.
Fagan, Garrett G. "Roman Emperors - DIR Augustus." Roman
Emperors - DIR Augustus. July 5, 2004. Accessed March 11, 2013.
http://www.roman-emperors.org/auggie.htm.
"HISTORY OF AUGUSTUS CAESAR." HISTORY OF AUGUSTUS
CAESAR. Accessed March 8, 2013.
http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/plaintexthistories.asp?histor
yid=aa09.
Morey, William C., PhD. "Chapter 23." In Outlines of Roman History.
New York, Cincinnati, Chicago: American Book, 1901.
"Octavian - Augustus." Roman Emperors. Accessed March 10,
2013. http://www.roman-empire.net/emperors/augustus.html.
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Tiberius
14 CE-37 CE
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Background

Son of Claudian Tiberius Claudius Nero and Livia Drusilla

Step-son of Augustus when Livia divorced Nero for Augustus

Married Augustus’ daughter and adopted by Augustus,
joining the Claudian and Julian lines

A great general, chosen heir of Augustus by Augustus
http://www.rome101.com/portraiture/JuliaEl
der/
Imperator

Became Emperor following Augustus’s death

Opposition from the army:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ger
manicus
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
Legions in Rhine area wanted Germanicus on the throne

Germanicus remained loyal to Tiberius and invaded Germany to
occupy his troops with mild success

Tiberius sent Germanicus to Parthians after German success with
no success with Parthians
http://ancientrome.ru/art/artwo
rken/img.htm?id=4455
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A Few Changes

Took away people power, popular assemblies lose power to
elect to the senate

Tiberius was more paranoid about his rule, so he made
treason include hostilities against the emperor


Set up paid spies to listen if people spoke badly
Kept his friends and enemies in one place near Rome, for his
own safety and to continue his paranoia
http://www.crystalinks.com/ro
mesenate.html
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Provinces
Tiberius only focused his paranoia on Rome, and took care of
the provinces of Rome better than Rome itself

Tiberius mostly allowed the provinces to continue as they
had with Augustus, trying to continue the Augustan legacy

Gave relief to provinces from earthquake in Asia while Rome
was savaged by plight and his own paranoia
http://www.laits.utexas.edu/moore/rome/ima
ge/map-roman-empire-tiberius-14-37-adtrajan-98-117-ad

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Sejanus

Sejanus was Tiberius’s trusted advisor, who
shouldn’t have been trusted

Sejanus caused the murder of Drusus,
Tiberius’s son so that he could rise to power

Sejanus forced Tiberius into retiring to Capri
in 26 CE after an uncertain reign with
increasingly harsh laws in Rome

Sejanus instituted a reign of terror on Rome,
killing any and all opposition, eventually
plotting the death of Tiberius

His treason was eventually discovered and he
was executed, but the killing did not stop
there
http://www.flickr.com/photos/bstorage/68
52537661/
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Aftermath and Death

After Sejanus’s treason and his son’s death, Tiberius ruled
Rome from seclusion at Capri

His paranoia had reached exponential levels, and he ordered
the prisons emptied in case of lingering Sejanus supporters

Rome was allowed to run on fumes left over from Augustus
until Tiberius died in 37 CE to be succeeded by Caligula
http://www.art247.com/Photo/13840
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Tiberius Bibliography
"The Early Emperors." The Early Emperors. Accessed March 9,
2013. http://www.roman-empire.net/emperors/empindex.html.
Morey, William C., PhD. "Chapter 24." In Outlines of Roman
History. New York, Cincinnati, Chicago: American Book, 1901.
"Tiberius." PBS. 2006. Accessed March 10, 2013.
http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/tiberius.h.
"Tiberius." Roman Emperors. Accessed March 10, 2013.
http://www.roman-emperors.org/tiberius.htm.