Nations develop
Objective: to analyze the actions of
Monarchs and how they shaped
England and France’s geography
Henry II King of England 1154-1189 AD
chapter 1 England
• Also feudal lord in France (1/2)-inherited
Normandy from his great grandfather-WTC
• Married Eleanor of Aquitaine-added more of
France to his holdings as she was wealthiest
European lady.
• Vassal of Louis VII but better soldier so
victorious over him
Ch 2 of England
King Richard I 1189-1199AD
• Hero of King’s crusade
• The “Lionhearted” defended French lands
valiantly
• Died after only 10 years of ruling
• John “softsword” his brother took throne
• 1199-1216 AD John ruled cruelly and lost
many lands as he was a terrible soldier
• LOST many lands to Phillip II
Ch 3 turn of tides
England loses land to France
• Phillip Augustus watched his father lose to Henry
II, now his turn to win back his father’s claims in
1180 at 15
• 1204 he took Normandy from John
• 1206 took rest of lands in N France from John
• Only S France (Aquitaine & Gascony) loyal to John
• Phillip triples lands for French King and becomes
more powerful than vassals, setting the stage for
2 separate Nations : France and England
John is limited:
Magna Carta-power changes
• John was selfish, cruel, dishonorable and his
subjects disliked him-so
• Used his defeats by France and cynical lustful
character as a reason to create the MAGNA
CARTA
• 1215 Runnymede (along Thames), Barons,
Bishops, signed great charter that limited
king’s power:
Magna Carta:
• Guarantees basic rights
• Taxes only levied if common
consent is made(King and King’s
• Great Council-Barons) (no taxation
with out representation)
• No freeman arrested without a jury/trail. Law
protects all-due process of law
• Limited Monarchy- even king follows law and
customs: LAW above King!