Pre-AP Chemistry Prep Camp
Summer ______
Name: _________________________
Teacher: _________________________________
*If you would like to review this information again, please go to the
following website to watch a tutorial movie.
http://ccisdchemistry.pbworks.com
Purpose
The purpose of this 12 hours course is to introduce you with important
mathematical concepts that you will be required to master in high school Chemistry
(whether you enroll in Pre-AP Chemistry or not). Throughout this course,
participation and practice on your part will help you to be successful.
TI-84 Plus Silver Edition Emulator Instructions
If you have never done so, please install a graphing calculator onto your
tablet.
Curriculum
The content of this course been developed to align with the Texas Essential
Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) and the student expectations that will need to be
mastered for successful performance on the State of Texas Assessment of Academic
Readiness (STAAR).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Measurement (Accuracy and Precision)
Significant Digits/Figures
Scientific Notation
Percent Error
Unit Conversions (Dimensional Analysis)
Rearranging Mathematical Formulas
Proportions and Graphing
Logarithms
Administrative Notes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
You are expected to be here present and on time at the start of each
session. Please return to the classroom promptly at the end of each break.
Participate in the activities without dominating.
Ask questions if you need clarification.
Take care of your personal needs. You do not need permission to leave the
classroom to go to the restroom.
Lunch will be from 11:30-12:00 on the first day. You may bring your lunch
or make other arrangements.
The instructor expects your cooperation and appropriate classroom
behavior.
Go to: http://wabbit.codeplex.com
Download wabbitemu
Run wabbitemu.exe
Select “Create a ROM image using open source software
Select Calculator Type TI-84 Plus SE
Select OS 2.55 MP
Save ROM file to “My Documents” and name
“Wabbitti84emulator”
8. View  Enable skin
9. Exit out of the program.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Before you forget! Pin the file to your home screen. Go to the
Wabbitemu file in “My Documents”. Select the file, but don’t open it.
Choose to “Pin to Taskbar”.
Graphing Relationships
Directly Proportional
Inversely Proportional
List 5 physical quantities of measurement:
1.
2.
3.
Direct
Skeleton Proportion:
Inverse
Skeleton Proportion:
4.
5.
Writing to Learn:
Equation Example:
Equation Example:
Variables Change:
Variables Change:
Correlation:
Correlation:
Graph:
Graph:
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
Measurement Notes
TRY IT YOURSELF:
1. Rearrange the equation for area of a rectangle
(A = l x w) to solve for l.
Vocabulary:
Accuracy:
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Precision:
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Rearrange the equation for density (𝑑 =
𝑚
v
) to solve
for volume, v.
Significant Digits Rules:
1. All non-zero digits are significant.
2. Zeros
a. Leading Zeros - ____________________ significant
3. Rearrange the equation for the Ideal Gas Law
(PV = nRT) to solve for number of moles, n.
b. Middle Zeros - ______________________ significant
c. Trailing Zeros - ________________________ significant
(Depends on the presence of a __________ _________)
i. if decimal point is present:
_____________________ significant
4. Rearrange the equation relating energy to specific
heat capacity (Q=m∙c∙∆T) to solve for a change in
temperature ∆T.
ii. If decimal point is not present:
__________________ significant
Practice:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1234
0.023
890
91010
9010.0
5. Rearrange the Combined Gas Law equation
f. 1090.0010
g. 0.00120
h. 3.4 x 104
i. 0.00390
j. 0.00030
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
1020010
780.
1000
918.010
0.0001
(
𝑃1 𝑉1
𝑛1 𝑇1
=
𝑃2 𝑉2
𝑛2 𝑇2
) to solve for the final temperature, T2.
MORE math??!
Some people use this “trick” to help them.
Re-arranging formulas to solve for unknowns.
Example:
Calculations using significant digits:
1.Multiplication and Division:
a. The number of significant digits in the answer should be
equal to the number of significant digits in the least
accurate factor.
2.Addition and Subtraction:
a. The number of decimal places in the answer should be
equal to the number of decimal places in the number with
the fewest decimal places.
*When performing calculations, you should do the calculation using all the
digits allowed by the calculator and round off only at the end of the
problem. Rounding in the middle can introduce errors.
Measuring Correctly in Chemistry:
1. The number of significant digits in a measurement depends on
the accuracy of the instrument.
2. When measuring, there needs to be a 1-digit estimate in
between the smallest increments.
3. Every measurement must have a number and a unit.
Measuring Using Significant Digits
Apply the knowledge you have just learned to measure the items at the stations
using the correct amount of significant digits.
1
Logarithms
How do you work backwards?
6
2
7
Final
Total
Initial
Weigh boat
3
8
Resultant
Chemical
4
Example Problems:
11. – log (x) = 4.00
16.
– log (x) = 5.6
12. – log (x) = 8.00
17.
– log (x) = 2.3
13. – log (x) = 13.304
18.
– log (x) = 2.434
14. – log (x) = 7
19.
– log (x) = 6.33
15. – log (x) = 4.8
20.
– log (x) = 8.4567
9
5
10
Challenge Question: Rounding
_______________________
Round the number above using only 2 significant digits and record your
answer below.
*** Significant Digit Rules: For any log, the number to the left of the decimal point
is called the characteristic, and the number to the right of the decimal point is
called the mantissa. The characteristic (the numbers to the left of the decimal
point) do not count as significant digits.
Logarithms
Scientific Notation:
To calculate the logarithm of a number, use a scientific calculator.
Directions: How to enter a logarithm into the calculator.
Rules:

Base number MUST be between ______ and ______.

Numbers ___________ have a ___________ exponent.

Numbers ___________ have a ___________ exponent.
Never say “move decimal to the right” (or “to the left”) because it
depends whether you are putting a number INTO scientific notation
or taking it OUT OF scientific notation. This will just confuse you!

Example Problems:
10-5)
1. – log (0.001) =
6. – log (1 x
=
2. – log (0.000000001) =
7. – log (0.0025) =
3. – log (1.54 x 10-3) =
8. – log (0.085) =
4. – log (7.62 x 10-8) =
9. – log (0.000001) =
5. – log (0.0004) =
10. – log (.0005) =
To determine the number of significant digits, use the digits in
the base number only.
Directions: How to enter scientific
notation numbers into the calculator.
Writing to Learn:
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
2. So that is how you do simple configurations. Let’s assume though
that we had a complex or double unit. Miles per hour, gal per
minute, and meters per second are all examples of this.
a. So let’s say that we had 75 miles per hour. They are
wanting to know how many feet per second this is. Per is
just another way of saying divided by. So we start with
what they give us
75 miles
1 hr
1 km
1000 m
3.28 ft
1 hr
1 min
0.62 mi
1 km
1m
60 min
60 seconds
b. We solve this the same way. 75/.62 x 1000 x 3.28/60/60 =
110.22 ft/sec
Bubble Gum Lab
Conversion Notes Recap:
1. Suppose they gave us 0.024 miles and wanted to know how many
inches it was.
a. We begin with what they gave us
.024 miles
b. Next we find on our conversion sheet something we can
convert miles to. There is only one conversion that is given
and that is miles  kilometers Since miles is on top of our
first line, it must go on bottom next in order to cancel out.
.024 miles
1 km
0.62 miles
c. The miles cancel and leave us with km. But we aren’t done,
as we are wanting to go to inches and currently we have
km. So since km is on top, we have to put it on bottom, and
to get us closer to inches we are going to change our km
into meters
.024 miles
1 km
0.62 miles
1 km
After Chewing
Mass of Bubble Gum &
Wrapper
1 km
1000 m
Name of Bubble Gum: ____________________________________
Before Chewing
1000 m
d. Kilometers now cancel and leave us with meters. Now we
can change our meters into inches
.024 miles
Objective: Find the percent sugar in bubble gum.
1. Use a digital scale to find the mass of the bubble gum and wrapper.
Do not place the bubble gum directly onto the digital scale or it
might become contaminated!
2. Open the bubble gum from the wrapper. Place it in your mouth to
chew. Keep chewing until you can no longer detect the flavor and
sugar in the gum.
3. Meanwhile, find the mass of the empty wrapper and record in your
data table. Then, calculate the original mass of the bubble gum. BE
SURE TO KEEP THE WRAPPER FOR THE NEXT STEP!!!
4. After all the flavor and sugar has been digested, remove the bubble
gum from your mouth and place on the empty wrapper (or small
piece of paper). Be sure you have recorded the mass of the empty
wrapper before you place the bubble gum onto it.
5. Wait for the bubble gum to dry. Then, use the balance to mass the
dried bubble gum and wrapper.
Mass of Wrapper
39.37 in
0.62 miles
1 km
1m
e. Now we are ready to plug this into our calculators. We start
off with the first number which is 0.024, then since 0.62 is
on bottom we divide by it, since 1000 is on top we multiply
by it, and since 39.37 is on top we multiply by it. So in our
calculator we put in 0.024/0.62 x 1000 x 39.37 = (We ignore
the 1’s since it doesn’t do anything mathematically.)
f. The answer that we get is 1524. Remember, we must use
our significant digit rules for multiplication, followed by
assigning appropriate units. Our final answer is 1500 in.
Mass of Bubble Gum
Amount of Sugar in Bubble Gum: _____________________________
% Sugar in Bubble Gum: ____________________________________
Determining Significant Digits
Any measurement is inaccurate to some degree. The inaccuracy stems from several
factors. The precision of any measuring device is limited. The person doing the
measurement may introduce error. The experimental technique may be faulty.
Because a measurement contains some degree of inaccuracy, the number of digits
that are valid for the measurement are also limited.
PRACTICE:
1. Jane is studying the scene of a car accident. According to the driver,
he was going 56 miles per hour when he slammed on his brakes.
Jane needs to know how many feet per second this is. Convert.
How many significant digits are in the following measurements?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
23.30 cm
3.65 kg
365 kg
1843.02 L
8.701 °C
6. 2000.12 mm
7. 2.000 x 10
8. 0.5 mL
9. 704,000 h
10. 0.0001010450 s
2. Dolly is trying to catch up with a group of stampeding cattle. She
remembers from her biology class that cattle can run at a speed of
22 miles per hour. She also knows that her old horse, Silver, runs at
a speed of 20 feet per second. What is the speed of Silver in miles
per hour? Is she able to catch up with the stampede?
Complete these addition problems. Write the sum correctly using
significant digit rules.
11. 3.414 + 10.02 + 58.325 + 0.0098
12. 1884 + 0.94 + 1.0 + 9.778
Complete these subtraction problems. Write the difference correctly using
significant digit rules.
3. Bobby Joe’s restaurant has two working toilets. Together they are
flushed about 146 times a day. If each flush uses 2.54 gallons, and a
gallon of water costs $0.15, how much is Bobby Joe spending on
water per year? We are assuming they are open every day of the
year.
13. 2104.1 – 463.09
14. 2.326 – 0.10408
Complete these multiplication problems. Write the product correctly using
significant digit rules.
15. (10.19) * (0.013)
16. (140.01) * (26.042) * (0.0159)
4. Fingernails grow at a rate of 0.14 millimeters per day. If Freddy let
his fingernails grow for a year, how long would they be in inches?
CHALLENGE
Complex Units: Treat the numerator unit first, then go back
and do the denominator unit.
Which object is travelling faster?
 15 miles per hour
OR
 600 centimeters per second
Complete these division problems. Write the quotient correctly using
significant digit rules.
17. (80.23) / (2.4)
18. (4.301) / (1.9)
Answer the following questions using all significant digit rules that are
applicable.
19. An experiment calls for 16.156 grams of substance A, 28.2 grams of
substance B, 0.0058 grams of substance C, and 9.44 grams of
substance D.
a. How many significant digits are there in each
measurement?
b. What is the total mass of substances in this experiment?
c. How many significant digits should there be in the answer
to part b?
20. Your lab partner has measured 16.50 mL of water. You accidentally
tip over the graduated cylinder and spill some water. You stand the
cylinder up, and determine that there are 8.0 mL left.
a. Which measurement is more precise, your lab partner’s or
yours? Explain.
b. How much water did you lose when you tipped over the
graduated cylinder?
9. The boy-scout took the lady by the arm and
her across the street.
10. The gold in Pharaoh's crypt weighs exactly 2000 pounds, so
it became known as the
.
11. Housewife's complaint: "On Mondays all I do is wash and
."
12. "His dog’s name is Sullivan, but we call him 'Sul'. He is the
reason our rugs and furniture are covered with
."
13. Cadbury's Chocolate Co. bought out Mee-Yum Fortune
Cookies and now they make
chocolate fortune cookies.
14. The well-driller had bored a hole to a depth of 10 meters.
He found no water so he was told to
.
15. The makers of "Raid" have developed a new slogan to
advertise their new insect repellant. It reads: "Don't go
outside without your
."
16. A boy named Coe lost his dog Bo and as a result
his eyes out.
17. After months of intensive investigation, the undercover
narcotics agent approached the suspect. Here's your
$25,000." said the officer. "And here's
replied the drug dealer.
18. To be a good neighbor you mist mind your own
_________________________.
."
Those Crazy Elements
Use the periodic table to fill in the blanks. Use your creativity because we
had a wild imagination so the answers will be silly puns.
1. What language is spoken by the people of Mangan?
.
2. "We brought everything but the kitchen
3. To park here you must put a
!"
in the
meter.
4. Dial 911 to call a
when you witness a
crime.
5. Doctors amputated the bottom half of his leg, but they left
his
.
6. A prisoner who acts in a silly manner is called a
.
7. "We're out of foss." he said. "Please go to the store and get
some
8. Five times two is
."
.
Percent Error:
Highlight the formula on the STAAR Formula Chart found in your booklet.
Percent Error:
Observed – Accepted
Accepted
Accepted Mass of Candy: ________________________ grams
Observed Mass of Candy _________________________ grams
Percent Error: __________________ %
x 100 =
Memorizing Element Symbols
Your teacher will be expecting you to memorize the
following elements.
Arsenic
Cesium
Chlorine
Chromium
Copper
Gold
Iron
Lead
Magnesium
Manganese
Potassium
Rubidium
Silver
Sodium
Strontium
Tin
Vanadium
Zinc
Boron
Carbon
Fluorine
Hydrogen
Iodine
Aluminum
Argon
Barium
Beryllium
Bromine
Calcium
Cobalt
Francium
Gallium
Germanium
Helium
Krypton
Lithium
Neon
Nickel
Radium
Scandium
Selenium
Silicon
Titanium
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Uranium
On your 16th birthday, how many
seconds will you have been alive?
If needed, show your work below.
*If you would like to review this information again, please go to the
following website to watch a tutorial movie.
http://ccisdchemistry.pbworks.com
Conversion Notes:
5. Convert 23 miles to inches
6. How many mL are in 1 gallon?
7. Which is longer, 100 meters or 1 mile? Convert miles to meters to
find out.
8. How many feet per second is 30 miles per hour?
9. Which gas is more expensive: $3.95/gallon or $1.25/liter?
10. A construction project calls for 250 kilograms of cement. Your
cement supplier sells 60 pound bags. How many bags do you need?
Converting Activity:
1.
Spread out your unit conversion cards so that you can see the
values they have.
2. You can arrange the cards to solve any conversion problem. For
example,
“Convert 2 hours into seconds”
Conversion Factors
Length:
100 centimeters (cm) = 1 meter (m)
1000 millimeters (mm) = 1 meter
2.54 centimeters = 1 inch (in)
1000 meters = 1 kilometer (km)
1 kilometer = 0.62 miles (mi)
1 yard = 3 feet
Mass:
1000 grams (g) = 1 kilogram (kg)
Unit conversions to solve:
1. How many mg are in 24 grams?
1 gram = 1000 milligrams (mg)
1 gram = 100 centigrams (cg)
1 gram = 0.035 ounces (oz)
2. How many centimeters in 10 inches?
1 pound = 454 grams
1 kilogram = 2.20 pounds (lbs)
2000 pounds = 1 ton
3. Convert 45 inches to centimeters
Volume:
1000 milliliters (mL) = 1 L
4. A doctor tells a patient to take 30 mL of a medicine. How many
teaspoons of the medicine should she take?
1 liter = 1.06 quarts
1 cubic centimeter = 1 milliliter
4 Quarts (qt) = 1 gallon (gal)
What is a GROSS of beans?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Count out 144 beans. (This is 1.00 gross)
Weigh a beaker. Record the mass in your data table.
Place one gross of beans in a beaker.
Weigh the beaker full of beans. Record the mass in your
data table.
5. Using subtraction, calculate the mass of beans.
Information on Mass of Beans
Grams
Mass of Beaker and Beans
Mass of Beaker
Grams
Mass of Beans
Grams
Showing all your work, calculate the answers to the
following questions.
8. What is the mass of 2.8 gross of beans?
9. How many beans are in 0.300 gross?
10.What volume does 0.100 gross of beans occupy?
6. Pour the beans into a graduated cylinder.
7. As best you can, record the volume (in mL) of the
volume of beans. Be sure to use the appropriate
amount of significant digits! Do not add water to the
graduated cylinder.
Information on 1.00 Gross of Beans
1.0 Gross
_______ beans
1.0 Gross
_______ grams
1.0 Gross
_______ mL
11.If you purchased a 50 pound bag of beans, how large
(volume) would the bag be?
12.What is the mass of 85.0 mL of beans?