Essential Biology 2.2-2.3: Prokaryotes/Eukaryotes
Name/Block:
Topic 2.2 – Prokaryotic Cell Structure
1. This is an electronmicrograph of the bacterium Salmonella typhi.
a. What is the maximum length of the main body of the cell?
b. What are the name and function of this structure?
2. S typhi and E. coli are examples of prokaryotes.
What does the term ‘prokaryote’ literally mean?
3. In the space below, draw and label (with names and functions), the structure of a generalized
prokaryote cell. Include cell wall, plasma membrane, pili, flagella, nucleoid (naked DNA),
ribosomes and a scale bar.
4. Distinguish between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
5. Through which method do prokaryotes divide and reproduce?
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Essential Biology 2.2-2.3: Prokaryotes/Eukaryotes
Name/Block:
6. Which structures can you identify in this diagram and EM image?
7. Name the labeled structures in this transmission electronmicrograph:
8. Calculate the magnification of the above image and the maximum length of the bacterium.
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Essential Biology 2.2-2.3: Prokaryotes/Eukaryotes
Name/Block:
Topic 2.3 – Eukaryotic Cell Structure
1. In the table below, compare prokaryote and eukaryote cells.
Prokaryote
70S (small) ribosomes
Eukaryote
80S (large) ribosomes
True nucleus contains DNA
No mitochondria
Cell parts
Organelles in discrete membranes
Internal membranes enclose organelles
10-15µm in diameter
2. What is the literal meaning of the term eukaryote?
3. What was Robert Brown’s role in forming Cell theory? What else is he celebrated for?
4. Symbiont theory suggests how eukaryotic cells arose from prokaryotes through evolution.
Briefly outline symbiont theory.
5. With the aid of labeled diagrams, compare the structures of plant and animal cells.
Include annotations on the functions of each organelle and scale bars to show size.
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Essential Biology 2.2-2.3: Prokaryotes/Eukaryotes
Name/Block:
6. Complete the table below to describe various eukaryotic organelles.
Organelle
Ribosome
Structure (description)
Region of the cell containing
chromosomes, surrounded
by a double membrane, in
which there are pores.
Function of organelle
Storage and protection of
genetic information on
chromosomes.
Small spherical subunit
consisting of two subunits,
some attached to
membranes, others free.
Spherical organelles
surrounded by a single
membrane, containing
hydrolytic enzymes.
Organelles surrounded by
two membranes, the inner
of which is folded inwards.
Double-membrane
containing layers of
membranes (thylakoid
stacks) and the pigment
chlorophyll.
Large, folding membrane
structure found close to the
nucleus, with ribosomes
attached to some surfaces.
Large, folded membrane
structure found close to the
plasma membrane, often
with vesicles budding off the
outer edge.
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Digestion of structures ad
molecules that are not
needed in the cell.
Draw it
Essential Biology 2.2-2.3: Prokaryotes/Eukaryotes
Name/Block:
7. The image below shows a TEM micrograph of a liver cell.
a. Identify the labeled structures.
b. Calculate the magnification of the image.
c. Calculate the maximum diameter of the nucleus.
8. State three differences between plant and animal cells.
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Essential Biology 2.2-2.3: Prokaryotes/Eukaryotes
Name/Block:
9. Extracellular components are materials or structures which extend beyond the plasma
membrane. Outline the role of an extracellular component in a plant cell and an animal cell.
Plant:
Animal:
10. In the space below, draw and label three specialized cells (two animal, one plant), outlining the
relationship between structure and function in each case.
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