CELL STRUCTURE and
FUNCTION
Cell Organelles

Little organs

Parts that make up the cell

Analogy– Like the organs that
make up the human body – (heart,
lungs, kidneys, blood vessels, blood, etc)
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Go to
Section:
Cell Membrane
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
1.
Nucleus




Nickname: “The Control Center”
Function: holds the DNA
2. Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of
the nucleus
Function: Makes ribosomes
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Go to
Section:
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
3.
Ribosomes


Function: makes proteins
Found in all cells, prokaryotic and
eukaryotic
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
4.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)


Nickname: “Roads”
Function: The internal delivery
system of the cell
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Go to
Section:
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum

2 Types Of ER
1.
2.
Rough ER:
 Rough appearance because it has
ribosomes
 Function: helps make proteins, that’s
why it has ribosomes
Smooth ER:
 NO ribosomes
 Function: makes fats or lipids
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Complex
Go to
Section:
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
5. Golgi Complex



Nickname: The shippers
Function: packages, modifies, and
transports materials to different
location inside/outside of the cell
Appearance: stack of pancakes
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Go to
Section:
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
6.
Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than
(ribosomes)


Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”
Function: to break down food into
particles the rest of the cell can use
and to destroy old cells
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
7.
Mitochondria

Nickname: “The Powerhouse”

Function: Energy formation

Breaks down food to make ATP
 ATP: is the major fuel for all cell
activities that require energy
Animal Cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
8. Cell membrane



Function- Regulates what enters and
leaves the cell
- also provides support and
protection
Location- outside covering of the cell
“semi permeable”- only certain things
can move in or out of the membrane
9. Cytoskeleton


Function- acts as the muscles and
bones of the cells
- support and shape
2 types
 1. microfilaments – aid in movement
 2. microtubules- aid in structure
10. Centrioles



Only found in animal cells
Function- pulls chromosomes apart
during cell division—mitosis
Location- near nucleus (2 of them)
mitosis
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
11. Vacuoles


Function: stores water and
nutrients for cells
Plants have larger vacuoles

Now let’s talk about
structures only found in
PLANT CELLS!!
Organelles found only in
plants
12. Chloroplasts



Function: traps energy from the sun
to produce food for the plant cell
Photosynthesis take place here
Green in color because of
chlorophyll
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
13 Cell Wall


Function: provides support and
protection to the cell membrane
Found outside the cell membrane in
plant cells
Chloroplasts
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Section 7-2
Plant Cell
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
Go to
Section:
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Cell
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Go to
Section:
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Cell
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Go to
Section:
Plant Cell
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Smooth ER
Ribosomes
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Golgi Bodies
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Rough ER
Comparing Plant and Animal Cells
Plant
Animal